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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (4): 1-5.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200299

所属专题： 小麦

• 农艺科学/生理生化 •    下一篇

大麦‘花22’不同生育期的饲用品质及呕吐毒素含量

黄水珍1(), 冯德庆2(), 黄秀声2, 黄小云2   

  1. 1福建省南平市农业科学研究所,福建建阳 354200
    2福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所,福建省丘陵地区循环农业工程技术研究中心,福建省红壤山地农业生态过程重点实验室,福州 350013
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-19 修回日期:2020-01-10 出版日期:2021-04-20 发布日期:2021-05-12
  • 通讯作者: 冯德庆 E-mail:794693231@qq.com;koala-1011@163.com
  • 作者简介:黄水珍,女,1971年出生,高级农艺师,大专,硕士,研究方向：草业科学。通信地址：354200 福建省南平市建阳区东桥东路13号 福建省南平市农业科学研究所,Tel：0599-5623568,E-mail： 794693231@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    中央引导地方科技发展专项“山区‘三生’耦合茶园体系创建与绿色生产原理及关键技术研究”(2020L3030);国家重点研发计划课题“林-草-畜禽生态种养循环模式研究与示范”(2017YFD0502105);福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项“‘茶-菌’体系废弃物在家禽生态养殖中的应用研究”(2020R1021004);福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项“区域性大宗种植业副产物饲料化高效利用技术研究与示范”(2020R1021002);福建省农业科学院项目“资源高效利用与产地环境安全创新团队”(STIT2017-2-10)

Forage Quality and Vomitoxin Content of Barley ‘Hua 22’ at Different Growth Stages

Huang Shuizhen1(), Feng Deqing2(), Huang Xiusheng2, Huang Xiaoyun2   

  1. 1Agricultural Sciences Institute of Nanping, Jianyang 354200, Fujian, China
    2Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Hilly Red Soil, Fuzhou 350013, Fujian, China
  • Received:2019-12-19 Revised:2020-01-10 Online:2021-04-20 Published:2021-05-12
  • Contact: Feng Deqing E-mail:794693231@qq.com;koala-1011@163.com

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摘要：

为了明确大麦‘花22’不同生育期的饲用品质。以‘花22’为材料,分别在拔节期、灌浆后期、乳熟期和完熟期进行刈割,测定其常规营养成分、脂肪酸组成、氨基酸组成及呕吐毒素含量。结果表明：从拔节期至完熟期,随着生育期的延长,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙、磷含量显著下降(P<0.05);干物质和木质素含量显著增加(P<0.05)。脂肪酸组成中C18:3n3含量、氨基酸组成中的氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量、呈味氨基酸均显著下降(P<0.05)。粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量呈阶段性波动,其中从拔节期至灌浆后期,粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量显著增加(P<0.05),灌浆后期期达到最大值,之后显著下降(P<0.05)。完熟期检测出呕吐毒素含量为560.50 μg/kg,拔节期、灌浆后期和乳熟期未检测出呕吐毒素。综上各生育期比较,拔节期‘花22’的营养品质最好,粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量达到最大值(20.44%、4.71%),粗纤维含量最低(20.40%)。拔节期‘花22’的营养品质与黑麦草相近,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。灌浆后期、乳熟期和完熟期‘花22’的营养品质显著低于黑麦草(P<0.05)。拔节期、灌浆后期‘花22’的营养品质高于带穗玉米秸秆,完熟期的‘花22’的营养品质低于带穗玉米秸秆。在闽北种植的‘花22’完熟期不能作为青饲料使用。

关键词: 大麦, 饲用品质, 呕吐毒素, 生育期, 脂肪酸组成, 氨基酸组成

Abstract:

To define the forage quality of barley ‘Hua 22’ in different growth stages, the cutting was performed at jointing stage, late filling stage, milk stage and full ripe stage, and then the determination of normal composition of nutrition, fatty acid composition, amino acid composition and vomitoxin content was carried out. The results showed that with the extension of growth period, some data indexes such as crude protein, crude fat, calcium and phosphorus content dropped significantly from jointing stage to full ripe stage, but there was a significant increase in dry matter and lignin content (P<0.05). The contents of C18: 3n3 in the fatty acid composition, the total amount of amino acids, essential amino acids, flavor amino acids in the amino acid composition were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The contents of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber fluctuated with stages. They increased significantly from jointing stage to late filling stage(P<0.05), and reached the maximum value at late filling stage, then decreased significantly (P<0.05). It was detected that the vomitoxin content was 560.50μg/kg at full ripe stage, but nothing was detected at jointing stage, late filling stage and milk stage. To sum up, in different growth stages, the nutrient quality of barley ‘Hua 22’ was the best at jointing stage. The crude protein and crude fat contents achieved the maximum value (20.44%, 4.71%), and the crude fiber content was the lowest (20.40%). During this period, the nutritional quality of barley ‘Hua 22’ was similar to that of ryegrass, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). However, when entering the late filling stage, milk stage and full ripe stage, the nutritional quality of barley ‘Hua 22’ was significantly lower than that of ryegrass (P<0.05). Compared with the eared corn stalks, the nutritional quality of barley ‘Hua 22’ is higher at jointing stage and late filling stage, but lower at full ripe stage. In addition, barley ‘Hua 22’ grown in northern Fujian cannot be used as a green fodder in the full ripe stage.

Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., Forage Quality, Vomitoxin, Growth Stage, Fatty Acid Composition, Amino Acid Composition

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