滇黄精不同部位理化指标与化学成分差异性研究

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0173

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究滇黄精不同组织部位折干率、灰分、浸出物、多糖、皂苷、黄酮、酚类含量差异,以期为滇黄精不同部位充分开发利用提供理论依据。将滇黄精样品分为8个部位,用电子天平测定折干率,马弗炉测总灰分含量,醇溶性热浸法测浸出物含量,采用可见-紫外分光光度计对黄精多糖、总皂苷、总黄酮、酚类进行测定,对测定结果进行主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明,滇黄精叶片中黄酮、酚类含量较高,分别为1.06、3.46 mg/g;老根茎、新生根茎中多糖含量、皂苷、浸出物含量较高,多糖含量分别为8.18%、7.83%,皂苷含量分别为1.31%、1.85%,浸出物含量分别为63.88%、82.23%。主成分和聚类分析表明,新生根茎、老根茎聚为一类,其他6个部位聚为一类,其中,叶片、茎尖无果茎杆分别单独聚为一小类。黄精不同部位的成分存在差异。

关键词: 滇黄精, 根茎, 叶, 茎杆, 理化指标, 化学成分, 聚类分析, 主成分分析

Abstract:

The aim is to study the content difference of dryness, ash, extract, polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids and phenols in different tissue parts of Polygonatum kingianum, and to provide a basis for the full development and utilization of P. kingianum. The sample was divided into 8 parts, the drying ratio was determined by using electronic scale, the total ash content was measured by muffle furnace, the content of extract was calculated by alcohol soluble hot-dip method, the contents of polysaccharide, total saponins, total flavonids and phenols of P. kingianum were quantified by visible ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the results were analyzed by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The content of flavonoids and phenols in the leaves of P. kingianum were 1.06 mg/g and 3.46 mg/g, respectively. The content of polysaccharide, saponin and extract were relatively high in old rhizome and new rhizome, respectively 8.18% and 7.83%, 1.31% and 1.85%, 63.88% and 82.23%. The results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that the new rhizome and old rhizome were clustered into one group, and the other six parts were clustered into one group, among which the leaves and the apetalous stems were clustered into a small group. In conclusion, the components of different parts of P. kingianum are different.

Key words: Polygonatum kingianum, Rhizome, Leaf, Stem, Physicochemical Index, Chemical Composition, Cluster Analysis, Principal Component Analysis

中图分类号:

S567.5+3

李玲, 黄玉玲, 杨玉玲, 田迎秋. 滇黄精不同部位理化指标与化学成分差异性研究[J]. 农学学报, 2021, 11(8): 70-75.

Li Ling, Huang Yuling, Yang Yuling, Tian Yingqiu. The Difference of Physicochemical Indexes and Chemical Components in Different Parts of Polygonatum kingianum[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2021, 11(8): 70-75.

图/表 7

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样品编号	部位	鲜重/g	干重/g	折干率/%
1	须根	56.83	8.06	14.18
2	老根茎	495.44	77.07	15.56
3	新生根茎	340.61	94.01	27.60
4	叶片	298.26	61.50	20.62
5	靠地部分无果茎杆	178.96	30.09	16.81
6	靠果部分无果茎杆	457.90	112.36	24.54
7	带果茎杆	447.01	89.72	20.07
8	茎尖无果茎杆	70.00	28.76	41.09

样品编号	部位	鲜重/g	干重/g	折干率/%
1	须根	56.83	8.06	14.18
2	老根茎	495.44	77.07	15.56
3	新生根茎	340.61	94.01	27.60
4	叶片	298.26	61.50	20.62
5	靠地部分无果茎杆	178.96	30.09	16.81
6	靠果部分无果茎杆	457.90	112.36	24.54
7	带果茎杆	447.01	89.72	20.07
8	茎尖无果茎杆	70.00	28.76	41.09

样品编号	总灰分/%	浸出物/%	多糖/%	总皂苷/%	总黄酮/(mg/g)	酚类/(mg/g)
1	10.10±0.55Aa	24.41±0.5024Ef	1.46±0.06Bb	0.31±0.03Ef	0.61±0.05BCbc	1.39±0.10Bb
2	3.19±0.16Ee	63.88±0.68Bb	8.18±1.27Aa	1.31±0.03Bb	0.46±0.03CDde	0.83±0.06CDd
3	1.67±0.12Ff	82.23±1.59Aa	7.83±0.51Aa	1.86±0.09Aa	0.40±0.04De	0.41±0.04De
4	9.85±0.15ABa	29.91±0.23Dd	1.36±0.31Bb	0.48±0.06Cc	1.06±0.15Aa	3.46±0.58Aa
5	8.86±0.96BCb	39.58±0.61Cc	1.00±0.18Bb	0.44±0.03CDcd	0.47±0.01CDde	0.99±0.09BCcd
6	8.00±0.18Cc	26.09±0.51Ee	0.67±0.07Bb	0.33±0.01Ef	0.71±0.02Bb	1.25±0.14BCbc
7	6.68±0.34Dd	20.82±0.53Fg	0.64±0.03Bb	0.41±0.02CDEde	0.56±0.02BCcd	1.02±0.05BCbcd
8	8.35±0.18Cbc	18.18±1.36Gh	0.86±0.03Bb	0.36±0.01DEef	0.55±0.08BCDcd	0.99±0.06BCcd

样品编号	总灰分/%	浸出物/%	多糖/%	总皂苷/%	总黄酮/(mg/g)	酚类/(mg/g)
1	10.10±0.55Aa	24.41±0.5024Ef	1.46±0.06Bb	0.31±0.03Ef	0.61±0.05BCbc	1.39±0.10Bb
2	3.19±0.16Ee	63.88±0.68Bb	8.18±1.27Aa	1.31±0.03Bb	0.46±0.03CDde	0.83±0.06CDd
3	1.67±0.12Ff	82.23±1.59Aa	7.83±0.51Aa	1.86±0.09Aa	0.40±0.04De	0.41±0.04De
4	9.85±0.15ABa	29.91±0.23Dd	1.36±0.31Bb	0.48±0.06Cc	1.06±0.15Aa	3.46±0.58Aa
5	8.86±0.96BCb	39.58±0.61Cc	1.00±0.18Bb	0.44±0.03CDcd	0.47±0.01CDde	0.99±0.09BCcd
6	8.00±0.18Cc	26.09±0.51Ee	0.67±0.07Bb	0.33±0.01Ef	0.71±0.02Bb	1.25±0.14BCbc
7	6.68±0.34Dd	20.82±0.53Fg	0.64±0.03Bb	0.41±0.02CDEde	0.56±0.02BCcd	1.02±0.05BCbcd
8	8.35±0.18Cbc	18.18±1.36Gh	0.86±0.03Bb	0.36±0.01DEef	0.55±0.08BCDcd	0.99±0.06BCcd

	折干率	浸出物	灰分	酚类	黄酮	皂苷	多糖
折干率	1.000
浸出物	-0.132	1.000
灰分	-0.077	-0.863	1.000
酚类	-0.168	-0.398	0.602	1.000
黄酮	-0.063	-0.475	0.603	0.968	1.000
皂苷	0.012	0.969	-0.927	-0.415	-0.469	1.000
多糖	-0.114	0.933	-0.892	-0.398	-0.468	0.952	1.000