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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (10): 64-72.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.casb2021-0146

所属专题： 农业气象

• 农业信息/农业气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

1961—2020年山西南部霜期气候特征及对农业的影响

刘强军(), 任鹏娟, 赵慧琴, 宋方超(), 王勇   

  1. 山西省晋城市气象局，山西晋城 048000
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-25 修回日期:2021-10-26 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2023-01-05
  • 通讯作者: 宋方超 E-mail:13835682236@139.com;33113588@qq.com
  • 作者简介:刘强军，男，1971年出生，高级工程师，主要从事天气预报与气象服务研究。通信地址：048000 山西省晋城市泽州路3268号 晋城市气象局，E-mail：13835682236@139.com。
  • 基金资助:
    山西省科技基础项目“山西省重大气象灾害特征及对农业影响”(sxkjjc20210123)

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Frost Period and Their Influence on Agricultural Production in Southern Shanxi: 1961-2020

LIU Qiangjun(), REN Pengjuan, ZHAO Huiqin, SONG Fangchao(), WANG Yong   

  1. Shanxi Jincheng Meteorological Bureau, Jincheng 048000, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2021-08-25 Revised:2021-10-26 Online:2022-10-20 Published:2023-01-05
  • Contact: SONG Fangchao E-mail:13835682236@139.com;33113588@qq.com

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摘要：

为了避免霜冻对农业生产带来危害，利用1961—2020年山西南部46个气象站点逐日最低地面温度资料，采用线性趋势和突变检验及小波分析等方法，对山西南部初霜日和终霜日及无霜期的变化特征进行分析。结果表明：近60年山西南部地区平均初霜日、终霜日分别为10月17日和4月17日，平均无霜期为184天，分别以2.18、2.07、4.4天/10年的速率，呈明显推迟和提前及延长的变化特征，并且存在明显突变年，初霜日和终霜日及无霜期的突变年份分别为2005、2002、2001年；霜冻日期存在明显周期变化。空间特征为初霜日呈现东北部早、西南部晚，终霜日与初霜日相反，西南部早、东北部晚，无霜期呈自西南向东北递减。特早初霜日发生概率为东南部和西北部高，东北部和西南部低，特晚终霜日呈现临运盆地和临汾与晋城交界的河谷地带偏低、其余地区偏高的特征。海拔高度是影响山西南部地区霜期变化的关键地理因子，而春、秋季地面最低温度是影响霜期变化的关键气候因子。霜期变化对农业影响巨大，本研究结果表明，农作物受冻面积未随霜冻频次、强度的变化而显著变化，或与现代设施农业防护措施水平快速提高有关。积温的明显增加将导致农作物发育提前，加大了霜冻的发生概率。

关键词: 山西南部, 初霜日, 终霜日, 无霜期, 气候特征

Abstract:

To avoid the damage of frost to agricultural production, the study used the daily minimum ground temperature data of 46 meteorological stations in southern Shanxi from 1961 to 2020, to analyze the variation characteristics of the first frost day, the last frost day and the frost free period in southern Shanxi by using the methods of linear trend, abruption test and wavelet analysis. The results showed that in the 60 years, the average first frost day and last frost day in southern Shanxi was October 17 and April 17, respectively, and the average frost free period was 184 days. At the rate of 2.18, 2.07 and 4.4 days per decade, there were obvious delay, advance and extension of the average first frost day, the average last frost day and the average frost free period, respectively, and there were obvious abrupt years. The abrupt change year of the first frost day, the last frost day and frost free period was respectively 2005, 2002 and 2001; and there were obvious periodic changes in frost duration. As to the spatial characteristics, the first frost day was early in the northeast and late in the southwest, the last frost day was opposite to the first frost day, early in the southwest and late in the northeast, and the frost free period decreased from southwest to northeast. The occurrence probability of extremely early frost day was higher in the southeast and northwest, and lower in the northeast and southwest, and the occurrence probability of extremely late last frost day was lower in Linyun basin and the river valley at the junction of Linfen and Jincheng, and higher in other areas. Altitude was the key geographical factor affecting the change of the frost period in southern Shanxi, and the minimum ground temperature in spring and autumn was the key climatic factor affecting the change of the frost period. In summary, the change of the frost period has a great impact on agriculture. The frozen area of crops does not change significantly with the change of frost frequency and intensity, and this might be related to the rapid improvement of modern facility agriculture protection measures. But the obvious increase of accumulated temperature could lead to the early development of crops and increase the probability of frost damage.

Key words: southern Shanxi, the first frost day, the last frost day, frost free period, climate characteristics

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