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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (6): 80-85.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0075

• 林学 园艺 园林 食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

上部烟叶一次性采收成熟度对烟叶物理特性的影响

张文军1(), 郭松1, 杨柳1, 熊橙梁1, 张庆富1, 姚未远1, 何激光1, 郑宏斌2, 章程2, 王威2, 江智敏2, 潘飞龙2, 朱林3, 李齐霖3, 邓小华3()   

  1. 1 湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司，长沙 410600
    2 浙江中烟工业有限责任公司，杭州 310008
    3 湖南农业大学农学院，长沙 410128
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-05 修回日期:2022-09-13 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 邓小华，男，1965年出生，湖南永州人，教授，博士，研究方向：烟草科学与工程技术。通信地址：410128 长沙市芙蓉区农大路1号，Tel：0731-84618076，E-mail：yzdxh@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    张文军，男，1985年出生，河北阜平人，农艺师，硕士，研究方向：烟草调制。通信地址：410600 湖南省长沙市宁乡市城郊街道罗宦社区宁乡大道和三环路交汇处，Tel：0731-87822904，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司项目“长沙高可用性上部烟叶关键生产技术研究与开发”(21-23A04); 浙江中烟项目“浙江中烟湖南基地单元建设”(2020330000341241)

Effects of the Maturity of the Upper Tobacco Leaves in One-time Harvest on Physical Characteristics

ZHANG Wenjun1(), GUO Song1, YANG Liu1, XIONG Chengliang1, ZHANG Qingfu1, YAO Weiyuan1, HE Jiguang1, ZHENG Hongbin2, ZHANG Cheng2, WANG Wei2, JIANG Zhimin2, PAN Feilong2, ZHU Lin3, LI Qilin3, DENG Xiaohua3()   

  1. 1 Changsha Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha 410600, Hunan, China
    2 China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
    3 College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
  • Received:2022-07-05 Revised:2022-09-13 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-06-15

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摘要：

为明确宁乡烟区烤烟上部烟叶适宜采收成熟度，采用‘云烟87’设计低成熟度(M1)、中等成熟度(M2)、高成熟度(M3)3个处理，研究不同采收成熟度对烤后烟叶物理特性的影响，采用模糊评价方法对试验结果进行综合评价，采用η2值分析采收成熟度和叶位及其互作对烟叶物理特性的效应。结果表明，随上部烟叶采收时间推迟，烟叶的含梗率下降，叶片厚度增加。M2单叶重较M1、M3分别高7.64%和12.79%，叶片厚度分别高11.70%、-14.37%，含梗率分别高-4.54、1.33个百分点，平衡含水率分别高0.14、2.86个百分点，叶质重分别高14.59%、39.81%，物理特性指数分别高7.31%、7.01%。采收时间对上部烟叶物理特性的效应为35.04%，叶位为29.98%，采收时间和叶位互作为34.98%。采收成熟度对物理特性指标影响由大到小表现为叶质重>叶片厚度>含梗率>平衡含水率>单叶重。适宜采收成熟度的第13叶位外观特征为：叶面变黄70%~80%，茸毛大部分脱落，叶面有光泽，褶皱，有少许粘手感，主脉变白4/5，支脉变白1/2，叶缘卷曲起皱，叶尖下勾，叶面有成熟斑。

关键词: 上部烟叶, 采收成熟度, 物理特性, 模糊评价, 效应分析

Abstract:

To clarify the suitable harvest maturity of upper tobacco leaves in Ningxiang, ‘Yunyan 87’ was used to design three treatments of low maturity (M1), medium maturity (M2) and high maturity (M3), the effects of different harvest maturity on the physical characteristics of tobacco leaves were studied, the fuzzy evaluation method was used to comprehensively evaluate the test results, and the effects of harvest maturity, leaf position and their interaction on physical characteristics of tobacco leaves were studied by η2 value analysis. The results showed that with the delay of the harvest time of upper leaves, the stem ratio of upper leaves decreased, while the leaf thickness increased. Compared with those of M1 and M3, the single leaf weight of M2 was 7.64% and 12.79% higher, the leaf thickness was 11.70% and -14.37% higher, the stem ratio was -4.54 and 1.33 percentage points higher, the equilibrium moisture content was 0.14 and 2.86 percentage points higher, the leaf specific weight was 14.59% and 39.81% higher, and the physical characteristic index was 7.31% and 7.01% higher, respectively. The effect of harvest time on the physical characteristics of upper tobacco leaves was 35.04%, and the effect of leaf position was 29.98%. The interaction effect of harvest time and leaf position was 34.98%. The effect of harvest maturity on physical characteristics was leaf specific weight> leaf thickness> stem ratio> equilibrium moisture content> single leaf weight. The leaf appearance characteristics on the 13th leaf position for suitable harvest maturity were as follows, the leaf surface turned yellow by 70%-80%, most of the midrib fell off, the leaf surface was shiny, wrinkled, and little sticky feeling. The main vein turned white by 4/5, and the branch vein turned white by 1/2. The leaf margin was curled and wrinkled, the leaf tip showed a downward hook, and the mature spots appeared on leaves.

Key words: upper tobacco leaves, harvest maturity, physical characteristics, fuzzy evaluation, effect analysis