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农学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (10): 33-41.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0216

• 土壤肥料 资源环境 生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

畜禽粪污土地承载力的时空分布特征研究

李艳梅1(), 李玉红2, 陈广凤1, 李洋洋1, 戴忠民1   

  1. 1 德州学院,山东德州 253023
    2 德州市农业技术推广与种业中心,山东德州 253023
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-19 修回日期:2023-12-15 出版日期:2024-10-20 发布日期:2024-10-17
  • 作者简介:

    李艳梅,女,1981年出生,辽宁省宽甸县人,讲师,博士研究生,研究方向:小麦病害及农田生态防控。通信地址:253023 山东省德州市德城区大学西路566号 德州学院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金“节水栽培模式下不同Wx蛋白缺失小麦胚乳淀粉精细结构的形成机理”(ZR2019MC032); 德州学院科学研究基金项目“小麦茎基腐病流行发生原因分析及防控对策探讨”(2020xjrc102); 德州市科技计划项目“冬小麦品种对假禾谷镰孢菌抗性种质资源筛选”(2022dzkj070); 德州市第十一届“调研德州”项目(110)

Study on Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Land Bearing Capacity of Livestock and Poultry Manure

LI Yanmei1(), LI Yuhong2, CHEN Guangfeng1, LI Yangyang1, DAI Zhongmin1   

  1. 1 Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
    2 Agricultural Technical Extension and Seed Industry Center of Dezhou City, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
  • Received:2023-10-19 Revised:2023-12-15 Online:2024-10-20 Published:2024-10-17

摘要:

研究旨在揭示山东省德州市畜禽粪污土地承载力状况,为调整优化区域畜禽养殖布局,促进种养结合,推动德州市农业绿色发展提供理论参考。依据《畜禽粪污土地承载力测算技术指南》推荐方法,根据畜禽粪污养分供给和作物养分需求,测算和分析了德州市近10 a(2012—2021年)畜禽粪污氮磷养分土地承载力的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)时间分布上,德州市2021年畜禽粪污氮磷养分产生总量分别为15.55万t和2.33万t,供给总量分别为9.51万t和1.70万t,养殖总量为1412.59万头猪当量,基于氮供需计算的土地承载力为1937.72万头猪当量,承载力指数为0.73,与2012年相比,整体上均呈降低趋势。可增加畜禽养殖量为525.14万头猪当量,较2012年增长了74.89%。(2)空间分布上,中部和南部县(市、区)种植业和养殖业均较发达,畜禽粪污养分供给量和需求量均较高。2021年测算结果显示,庆云县、平原县土地消纳畜禽粪污超载,夏津县土地消纳粪污虽未超载,但土地承载压力较大。禹城市、陵城区、德城区、齐河县、宁津县、乐陵市、临邑县、武城县土地消纳畜禽粪污未超载,各地区土地承载压力状况差异较大。总体而言,德州市畜禽粪污土地承载力未超载,畜禽养殖规模有一定的增长空间,但各地区土地消纳粪污能力存在明显差异,养殖规模发展潜力不同。因此优化农牧业布局,推进种养结合,实施区域间协同管理十分必要。

关键词: 德州市, 畜禽养殖, 氮磷平衡, 土地承载力, 种养结合

Abstract:

Revealing the land bearing capacity (LBC) state of livestock and poultry manures (LPMs) in Dezhou City, Shandong Province, can provide theoretical references for adjusting and optimizing regional livestock and poultry breeding (LPB) pattern, promoting planting-breeding combination and green development of agriculture. Based on the nutrient supply from LPM and the nutrient demand of crops, this study used the recommended method of the Technical Guide for Calculating The Land Bearing Capacity of Livestock and Poultry Manure, to calculate and analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of LBC state of LPMs from the perspective of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in Dezhou City in the past ten years (from 2012 to 2021). The results indicated that: (1) in terms of time distribution, the total input and supply of nitrogen nutrients from LPMs in 2021 were 15.55×104 tons and 9.51×104 tons, and those of phosphorus nutrients were 2.33×104 tons and 1.7×104 tons, the total amount of LPB was 1412.59×104 (pig equivalent), and the LBC of LPMs was 1937.72×104 (pig equivalent) (based on nitrogen supply and demand), the land bearing capacity index was 0.73.These overall trends was decreasing compared with 2012. The increase of the amount of LPB was 525.14×104 (pig equivalent), an increase of 74.89% compared with that in 2012. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, the planting and breeding in the central and southern counties (cities and districts) were more developed, the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients supply and demand from LPMs were higher. The results in 2021 showed that the lands were overloaded with manures in Qingyun County and Pingyuan County, and that was not overloaded in Xiajin County, but the land bore great pressure. The lands were not overloaded with manures in Yucheng City, Lingcheng District, Decheng District, Qihe County, Ningjin County, Laoling City, Linyi County and Wucheng County, but the bearing pressures of lands varied greatly among different regions. In general, the land was not overloaded with manures in Dezhou city, and there was still a certain growth space for the scale of LPB. However, there were obvious differences in the capacity of lands to absorb manures in different districts, and the development potentials of breeding scale were different. Therefore, it was necessary to optimize the pattern of LPB, promote the combination of planting and breeding, and implement inter-regional collaborative management.

Key words: Dezhou City, livestock and poultry breeding, nitrogen and phosphorus balance, land bearing capacity, planting-breeding combination