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农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (11): 72-80.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0082

• 畜牧 兽医 水产 • 上一篇    下一篇

安徽省岳西与泾县中华蜜蜂形态特征及其地理种群分化研究

代君君(), 舒蕊, 孙欣, 刘姚姚, 曲毓立   

  1. 安徽省农业科学院蚕桑研究所,合肥 230061
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-10 修回日期:2025-07-28 出版日期:2025-11-19 发布日期:2025-11-19
  • 作者简介:

    代君君,女,1975年出生,安徽凤阳人,副研究员,硕士。研究方向:蜜蜂生化与分子生物学。通信地址:230061 安徽省合肥市蜀山区霍山路15号,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    资源昆虫生物学与创新利用安徽省重点实验室开放课题“安徽省中华蜜蜂地理种群的遗传多样性及遗传分化研究”(FKLRIB202404); 安徽省现代农业产业技术体系“特色农业产业技术体系”(皖农科[2021]711号); 安徽省农科院院青年基金项目“中华蜜蜂-枇杷授粉提质关键基因挖掘与机制分析”(2025YL024); 安徽省农科院成果转化项目“特种经济动植物高效绿色种养生产”(2025ZH011); 安徽省农科院人才项目“中华蜜蜂毒液蛋白组成研究”(XJBS-202446)

Study on Morphological Characteristics and Geographic Population Differentiation of Apis cerana cerana in Yuexi and Jingxian Counties of Anhui Province

DAI Junjun(), SHU Rui, SUN Xin, LIU Yaoyao, QU Yuli   

  1. Institute of Sericulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230061
  • Received:2025-04-10 Revised:2025-07-28 Online:2025-11-19 Published:2025-11-19

摘要:

为阐明安徽省岳西县与泾县中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)的种群特征,精准揭示安徽中华蜜蜂的种群分化规律,本研究开展了相关实验。采集了两地共计20个蜂群样本(每群选取15只成年工蜂),借助体视显微镜系统,对涵盖体尺、体色、飞行力以及采集力等性状的38项形态指标进行了测定。并基于SPSS23.0软件,对所获数据进行了方差分析、聚类分析、判别分析、因子分析以及相关性分析等统计处理。研究结果表明,两地中华蜜蜂的形态特征存在显著差异(P<0.05)。其中,后足、背板、前翅宽等12项关键形态指标与纬度、海拔以及年均降雨量呈显著正相关,而色度指标与海拔呈负相关。进一步的因子分析显示,后足长度、小盾片色度、第四背板绒毛带宽度、前翅长与宽等相关因素为主要变异因子,分别贡献了11.69%、6.21%、5.38%和4.82%的变异。聚类分析结果显示,两地样本分别独立聚为两类。综上所述,安徽省岳西与泾县的中华蜜蜂具有丰富的形态多样性。高海拔生境塑造了岳西种群体型较大、体色较深的表型特征,且两地中华蜜蜂种群已出现明显的地理分化。本研究结果为安徽中华蜜蜂地理种群的分类提供了重要的基础依据。

关键词: 岳西, 泾县, 中华蜜蜂, 形态特征, 种群分化, 环境因子

Abstract:

In order to clarify the population characteristics of Apis cerana cerana in Yuexi County and Jingxian County of Anhui Province, and accurately reveal its population differentiation in Anhui Province, this study carried out relevant experiments. Twenty honeybee colonies were sampled from each region (15 adult worker bees per colony). Thirty-eight morphological traits were measured using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using SPSS23.0, including variance, cluster, discriminant, factor, and correlation analyses. Significant morphological differentiation was observed between the two populations (P<0.05). Twelve key morphological indices including hind-leg, tergum, and forewing width,exhibited positive correlations with latitude, altitude, and mean annual rainfall. Conversely, pigmentation indices showed a negative correlation with altitude. Principal sources of morphological variation were identified as hind-leg length (accounting for 11.69% of total variance), scutellum pigmentation (6.21%), width of the pubescent band on tergum (5.38%), and forewing length and width (4.82%). Cluster analysis revealed that the samples from the two counties independently grouped into two distinct clusters. Apis cerana cerana exhibits significant morphological diversity between Yuexi and Jingxian. The high-altitude environment of Yuexi appears to select for larger body size and darker pigmentation. Significant geographical differentiation exists between the populations, providing a foundation for classifying geographical populations of Apis cerana cerana within Anhui Province.

Key words: Yuexi, Jingxian, Apis cerana cerana, morphological characteristics, population differentiation, environmental factors