基于甜高粱的铅污染农田安全利用技术研究

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190800148

农学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (7): 50-55.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190800148

所属专题：土壤重金属污染

• 土壤肥料/资源环境/生态 • 上一篇下一篇

基于甜高粱的铅污染农田安全利用技术研究

薛忠财¹^,², 杜瑞恒³, 李十中²()

¹河北民族师范学院资源与环境科学学院,河北承德 067000
²清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京 100084
³河北省农林科学院谷子研究所,石家庄 050035

收稿日期:2019-08-07 出版日期:2020-07-20 发布日期:2020-07-16
通讯作者:
李十中,男,1962年出生,天津人,教授,博士,主要从事先进生物燃料的前沿技术研究。通信地址：100084 北京海淀区清华园1号清华大学能科楼110室,Tel：010-62772123,E-mail： szli@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn。
作者简介:
薛忠财,男,1985年出生,河北承德人,讲师,博士,研究方向：重金属污染农田治理与安全利用。通信地址：067000 河北省承德市高新区学院路2号河北民族师范学院砺能楼B402,E-mail：zhongcaix2008@163.com
基金资助:
河北民族师范学院博士科研启动基金项目“甜高粱对镉的耐性生理机制研究”(DR2018002); 科技惠民计划项目“海口城乡有机(废)物能源化技术惠民综合示范”(2013GS460202-3)

The Safe Utilization Technology of Pb-contaminated Farmland Using Sweet Sorghum

Xue Zhongcai¹^,², Du Ruiheng³, Li Shizhong²()

¹College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
²Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
³Millet Research Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, Hebei, China

Received:2019-08-07 Online:2020-07-20 Published:2020-07-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究通过田间控制试验研究甜高粱对铅的富集特征,分析其与土壤铅含量的关系,以期建立基于甜高粱的铅污染农田安全利用技术。结果表明：甜高粱对铅具有较强的耐性,在不同浓度铅处理条件下并未表现出明显的毒害症状,且茎秆含水量和含糖量无显著的变化;甜高粱对铅的吸收与土壤中的铅含量具有显著的线性关系,随着土壤中铅含量的增加,甜高粱体内各部位的铅浓度均显著增加,且各部位铅浓度呈现“根>叶>茎>籽粒”的特征,单株铅积累量最高可达12.4 mg。在此基础上,通过集成先进固态发酵技术和燃烧技术实现对甜高粱植株的安全处置,建立了基于甜高粱的铅污染农田安全利用技术,此技术简便、方法易行,同时可实现生态、经济和社会效益。

关键词: 铅污染, 农田, 甜高粱, 安全利用, 富集特征, 糖含量

Abstract:

To establish the safe utilization technology of Pb-contaminated farmland using sweet sorghum, we studied the Pb-enrichment characteristics of sweet sorghum by a field control experiment and analyzed their correlations with the soil Pb concentrations. The results showed that: sweet sorghum had strong ability to tolerate Pb, without obvious heavy metal toxicity under different Pb concentrations; meanwhile, the water and sugar content of stem had no significant effect under the Pb treatments; the Pb concentrations in the root, stem, leaf and seed of the sweet sorghum increased significantly with the increasing Pb concentrations in soil, and there was a significant linear relationship between them; the Pb concentrations showed an order of root>leaf>stem>grain, and the accumulation of Pb in the sweet sorghum plant reached 12.4 mg/plant in the study. Therefore, the safe utilization technology of Pb-contaminated farmland of sweet sorghum is established by integrating advanced solid-state fermentation technology (ASSF) and combustion technology to realize the safe disposal of sweet sorghum plants. This method is simple and convenient, and can achieve significant economic, social and environmental benefits.

Key words: Pb Contamination, Farmland, Sweet Sorghum, Safe Utilization, Enrichment Characteristics, Sugar Content

中图分类号:

薛忠财, 杜瑞恒, 李十中. 基于甜高粱的铅污染农田安全利用技术研究[J]. 农学学报, 2020, 10(7): 50-55.

Xue Zhongcai, Du Ruiheng, Li Shizhong. The Safe Utilization Technology of Pb-contaminated Farmland Using Sweet Sorghum[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2020, 10(7): 50-55.

图/表 8

参考文献 25

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测定项目	T0	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
Total Pb	51.03±1.68	470.73±23.93	928.69±37.66	1454.87±52.66	2031.23±19.22	3102.26±321.91
HCl-Pb	0.71±0.25	1.63±0.10	7.37±1.65	14.90±0.76	27.25±1.76	93.18±5.06

测定项目	T0	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
Total Pb	51.03±1.68	470.73±23.93	928.69±37.66	1454.87±52.66	2031.23±19.22	3102.26±321.91
HCl-Pb	0.71±0.25	1.63±0.10	7.37±1.65	14.90±0.76	27.25±1.76	93.18±5.06

铅处理	株高/cm	根干重/g	茎干重/g	叶干重/g	籽粒干重/g
T0	263.50±4.20a	17.21±2.80a	112.48±14.53a	57.50±1.99a	12.07±1.49a
T1	256.60±17.25a	18.44±1.68a	100.27±20.49a	57.88±2.93a	12.96±2.24a
T2	261.67±20.79a	17.66±1.62a	106.64±9.05a	57.80±3.09a	11.37±1.73a
T3	264.00±21.83a	18.84±12.04a	98.54±6.72a	59.46±7.09a	10.90±1.39a
T4	263.40±10.21a	12.89±1.12b	98.13±16.31a	46.12±5.89a	10.38±1.14a
T5	276.20±19.99a	12.13±4.39b	111.03±18.22a	55.57±12.33a	9.22±0.56b

铅处理	株高/cm	根干重/g	茎干重/g	叶干重/g	籽粒干重/g
T0	263.50±4.20a	17.21±2.80a	112.48±14.53a	57.50±1.99a	12.07±1.49a
T1	256.60±17.25a	18.44±1.68a	100.27±20.49a	57.88±2.93a	12.96±2.24a
T2	261.67±20.79a	17.66±1.62a	106.64±9.05a	57.80±3.09a	11.37±1.73a
T3	264.00±21.83a	18.84±12.04a	98.54±6.72a	59.46±7.09a	10.90±1.39a
T4	263.40±10.21a	12.89±1.12b	98.13±16.31a	46.12±5.89a	10.38±1.14a
T5	276.20±19.99a	12.13±4.39b	111.03±18.22a	55.57±12.33a	9.22±0.56b

铅处理	根	茎	叶	籽粒
T0	20.93±2.39e	2.27±1.34d	22.13±3.11e	1.94±0.12e
T1	22.42±0.13e	2.30±0.16d	19.80±4.55e	2.62±0.84e
T2	47.18±16.72d	6.10±0.19c	41.00±0.45d	3.69±0.68d
T3	91.77±7.51c	10.64±4.51b	50.92±2.92c	4.44±1.19c
T4	77.07±2.05b	14.05±2.84b	74.78±8.21b	5.30±0.42b
T5	311.04±4.24a	19.51±3.59a	114.37±5.89a	11.28±0.62a

基于甜高粱的铅污染农田安全利用技术研究

The Safe Utilization Technology of Pb-contaminated Farmland Using Sweet Sorghum

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指标		土壤铅含量	生物量				茎秆含糖量	铅含量
指标		土壤铅含量	根	茎	叶	籽粒	茎秆含糖量	根	茎	叶	籽粒
土壤铅含量		1.00
生物量	根	-0.80^*	1.00
	茎	-0.03	-0.21	1.00
	叶	-0.43	0.73	0.30	1.00
	籽粒	-0.94^**	0.79^*	-0.14	0.40	1.00
茎秆含糖量		-0.10	-0.27	0.63	-0.10	0.04	1.00
铅含量	根	0.90^**	-0.71	0.33	-0.10	-0.85^*	0.02	1.00
	茎	0.99^**	-0.81^*	-0.02	-0.46	-0.97^**	-0.15	0.87^**	1.00
	叶	0.99^**	-0.86^**	0.12	-0.43	-0.96^**	0.01	0.92^**	0.98^**	1.00
	籽粒	0.95^**	-0.78^*	0.24	-0.24	-0.89^**	0.05	0.99^**	0.92^**	0.97^**	1.00

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