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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (10): 28-32.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200100005

所属专题： 油料作物； 园艺

• 农艺科学/生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

苹果幼园套种大豆模式对产量及农田环境的影响

屈洋1(), 王可珍1(), 康军科1, 梁福琴2   

  1. 1宝鸡市农业科学研究院,陕西岐山 722499
    2延安市农业科学研究所,陕西延安 716000
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-06 修回日期:2020-02-13 出版日期:2021-10-20 发布日期:2021-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 王可珍 E-mail:man2019@163.com;kezhen9859@163.com
  • 作者简介:屈洋,男,1983年出生,辽宁锦州人,农艺师,硕士,主要从事作物栽培生理与育种研究。通信地址：722499 陕西省宝鸡市岐山县朝阳路56号 宝鸡市农业科学研究院,Tel：0917-8226709,E-mail： man2019@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系项目“国家大豆产业技术体系”(CARS-04);陕西省现代农业产业技术体系项目“陕西省豆类产业技术体系”(2020)

Young Apple Orchard Intercropping Soybean: Effects on Soybean Yield and Farmland Environment

Qu Yang1(), Wang Kezhen1(), Kang Junke1, Liang Fuqin2   

  1. 1Baoji Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qishan 722499, Shannxi, China
    2Yanan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yanan 716000, Shannxi, China
  • Received:2020-01-06 Revised:2020-02-13 Online:2021-10-20 Published:2021-10-28
  • Contact: Wang Kezhen E-mail:man2019@163.com;kezhen9859@163.com

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摘要：

旨在为苹果幼园生产大豆提供依据。以‘秦豆12’为材料,果树行间套种5行（处理1）、4行（处理2）和3行（处理3）并以不套种为对照,探究不同处理条件下的大豆产量、农田土壤特性、杂草数量和农田小气候。结果表明：1龄、2龄和3龄果园中处理1、处理2和处理3产量分别最高,且随着树龄的增加,同一处理产量边际效应降低;与不套种大豆相比,套种大豆可使土壤容重降低8.33%,土壤含水量增加13.08%,土壤有机质、速效N和速效K分别提高16.67%、20.33%和9.35%,杂草减少58.10%和相对湿度增加4.47%,并可实现160.90%的利润率。苹果幼园套种大豆具有明显的经济效益和生态效应,1龄果园行间套种5行、2龄果园行间套种4行和3龄果园行间套种3行具有明显的产量和效益优势。

关键词: 苹果幼园, 大豆, 种植模式, 套种, 产量, 农田环境

Abstract:

The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for soybean production in the young apple orchards. ‘Qindou 12’ was used as material, and three treatments were set up, including intercropping 5 rows soybean (treatment 1), intercropping 4 rows soybean (treatment 2), intercropping 3 rows (treatment 3) and no intercropping as the control (CK). The soybean yield, soil traits, weed amount, and agricultural microclimate were studied in different treatment conditions. Results showed that treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3 had the highest yield in 1-year, 2-year, 3-year orchard, respectively. The yield marginal effect of the same treatment decreased as apple tree-age increased. Compared with CK, intercropping soybean in apple orchard decreased soil volume weight by 8.33%, increased soil moisture content by 13.08%, improved soil organic matter, available N, and available K by 16.67%, 20.33%, and 9.35%, respectively, reduced weed amount by 58.10%, increased the relative humidity by 4.47%, and obtained 160.90% of profit rate. Intercropping soybean in young apple orchard had obvious economic benefit and ecological efficiency, and significant advantages of yield and benefit were found when intercropping 5 rows soybean in 1-year orchard, intercropping 4 rows soybean in 2-year orchard, and intercropping 3 rows soybean in 3-year orchard.

Key words: Young Apple Orchard, Soybean, Planting Pattern, Intercropping, Yield, Farmland Eenvironment

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