茉莉酸甲酯对‘克瑞森无核’葡萄果实着色及品质的影响

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0112

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究不同浓度茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)对吐鲁番地区‘克瑞森无核’葡萄果实着色及品质的影响,为合理利用茉莉酸甲酯改善‘克瑞森无核’葡萄果实着色及品质提供参考。以吐鲁番地区‘克瑞森无核’葡萄为试材,于果实着色前和着色初期分别使用不同浓度(20、60、100 mg/L)茉莉酸甲酯喷施果穗2次。采收期测定果实色泽和品质指标,分析不同处理下指标间差异,并通过隶属函数法对果实色泽指标和品质指标进行综合评价,以确定最适宜的施用浓度。结果表明,着色前和着色初期用茉莉酸甲酯处理‘克瑞森无核’葡萄,能够显著提高果皮中花色苷含量、降低叶绿素含量,进而显著提高果实着色指数;处理后的果实红绿色差指标a值、彩度指标C值显著增大,而果面亮度指标L值和黄绿色差指标b值显著降低,果面色泽显著改善;茉莉酸甲酯处理能够显著增大果粒纵径、横径,减小果形指数,增大果粒质量和果穗质量,同时显著增大果梗粗度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量。浓度过高会造成果梗耐拉力减小,耐贮运性能下降,可滴定酸含量过高,花色苷含量增幅不大、着色指数不高;而低浓度处理容易出现果粒萎蔫现象。选取与‘克瑞森无核’葡萄果实品质密切相关的15个指标,运用隶属函数法对4个处理的果实品质进行综合评价,果实品质优劣顺序为60 mg/L> 20 mg/L> 100 mg/L> CK。综上,吐鲁番地区于果实着色前和着色初期使用浓度为60 mg/L的茉莉酸甲酯喷施‘克瑞森无核’葡萄果穗2次,可显著改善果实着色,提高果实品质。

关键词: 茉莉酸甲酯, ‘克瑞森无核’葡萄, 果实着色, 果实品质, 综合评价

Abstract:

The paper aims to explain the effect of different concentrations of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on coloration and quality of ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape, so as to provide reference for improving coloration and quality of grape berry in Turpan. Three different concentrations (20, 60, 100 mg/L) of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were respectively applied twice to ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape before and at the beginning of coloring period. The color and quality indexes of fruits were determined during the harvesting period to analyze the differences of the indicators under different treatments; the fruit color index and quality index were evaluated by membership function method to determine the most appropriate application concentration. The results showed that anthocyanin content in the peel was significant increased and chlorophyll was decreased, and the coloration of grape berry was improved. The grape berry treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) had a higher a value (green-red chromaticity coordinates) and C value (chroma) and a lower L value (lightness) and b value (blue-yellow chromaticity coordinates), and the color of the fruit surface was improved. The application of MeJA significantly enhanced the berry length, berry diameter, berry mass, cluster mass, peduncle size, soluble solid content and titratable acid, and decreased fruit shape index. Excessive high concentration of MeJA could reduce peduncle pull and the storage and transportation performance, and cause high titratable acid content, while the anthocyanins content and coloring index were not significantly increased. However berries tended to wilting with low concentration treatment. 15 indicators related to the fruit quality were selected in the comprehensive assessment with membership function method, the fruit quality rank of the 4 treatments was 60 mg/L> 20 mg/L> 100 mg/L> CK. In summary, spraying 60 mg/L MeJA twice on ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape before and at the beginning of coloring period in Turpan can significantly improve fruit coloring and fruit quality.

Key words: methyl jasmonate, ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape, coloration of grape, fruit quality, comprehensive evaluation

白世践, 户金鸽, 王勇, 蔡军社, 陈光, 赵荣华. 茉莉酸甲酯对‘克瑞森无核’葡萄果实着色及品质的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2022, 12(6): 44-49.

BAI Shijian, HU Jinge, WANG Yong, CAI Junshe, CHEN Guang, ZHAO Ronghua. Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on Coloration and Quality of ‘Crimson Seedless’ Grape[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2022, 12(6): 44-49.

图/表 5

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级别	果实着色状况	代表值
Ⅰ	果实全部绿色	0
Ⅱ	轻微着色,淡红色占果面1/3	1
Ⅲ	中度着色,淡红色占果面1/2	2
Ⅳ	基本着色,红色占果面2/3	3
Ⅴ	完全着色,果面全部着色（鲜红或紫红色）	4

级别	果实着色状况	代表值
Ⅰ	果实全部绿色	0
Ⅱ	轻微着色,淡红色占果面1/3	1
Ⅲ	中度着色,淡红色占果面1/2	2
Ⅳ	基本着色,红色占果面2/3	3
Ⅴ	完全着色,果面全部着色（鲜红或紫红色）	4

处理	果穗质量/g	果穗整齐度/%		果粒质量/g		果粒整齐度/%		纵径/mm		横径/mm	果形指数
20 mg/L	301.21a	71.94b		3.56a		91.46		21.64ab		16.58a	1.31b
60 mg/L	290.15a	86.57a		3.32ab		95.19		22.07a		16.29ab	1.36ab
100 mg/L	262.50ab		70.21b		3.17ab		94.70		20.97bc	15.45bc	1.36ab
CK	249.58b		86.57a		2.93b		93.10		20.32c	14.58c	1.40a

处理	果穗质量/g	果穗整齐度/%		果粒质量/g		果粒整齐度/%		纵径/mm		横径/mm	果形指数
20 mg/L	301.21a	71.94b		3.56a		91.46		21.64ab		16.58a	1.31b
60 mg/L	290.15a	86.57a		3.32ab		95.19		22.07a		16.29ab	1.36ab
100 mg/L	262.50ab		70.21b		3.17ab		94.70		20.97bc	15.45bc	1.36ab
CK	249.58b		86.57a		2.93b		93.10		20.32c	14.58c	1.40a

处理	果梗粗度/mm	果梗拉力/N	鲜果硬度/(kg/cm²)	可滴定酸含量/%	可溶性固形物含量/%	固酸比	Vc含量/(mg/kg)
20 mg/L	1.29a	5.02ab	2.37a	0.47b	22.97b	48.56b	225.92c
60 mg/L	1.13bc	4.62ab	2.03b	0.45b	24.35a	54.11a	198.45d
100 mg/L	1.22ab	4.33b	1.97b	0.51a	23.65b	47.02b	327.44a
CK	1.04c	5.35a	1.88b	0.40c	21.00c	52.76a	291.42b