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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (4): 84-92.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0028

• 林学 园艺 园林 食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

外引茶树品种（系）在贵阳的适应性、产量与品质研究

郭灿(), 林开勤, 高秀兵, 郭燕, 乔大河, 姚键梅, 杨春, 李燕, 张小琴   

  1. 贵州省农业科学院茶叶研究所，贵阳 550006
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-09 修回日期:2022-09-18 出版日期:2023-04-20 发布日期:2023-04-18
  • 作者简介:

    郭灿，女，1985年出生，云南凤庆人，副研究员，学士，主要从事茶树植保及茶叶检测。通信地址：550006 贵州省贵阳市花溪区金竹镇 贵州省农业科学院茶叶研究所，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技支撑计划项目“三都水族自治县野生古茶树种质资源鉴定及创新利用研究”(黔科合支撑[2019]2254号); 贵州省农科院高价值专利培育项目“贵州山地茶树丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)接种技术研究”(黔农科院专利培计[2018]02号)

Adaptability, Yield and Quality Characteristics of Introduced Tea Plant Cultivars in Guiyang

GUO Can(), LIN Kaiqin, GAO Xiubing, GUO Yan, QIAO Dahe, YAO Jianmei, YANG Chun, LI Yan, ZHANG Xiaoqin   

  1. Institute of Tea, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, Guizhou, China
  • Received:2022-03-09 Revised:2022-09-18 Online:2023-04-20 Published:2023-04-18

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摘要：

为综合评价14个外引茶树品种（系）的适应性、产量及品质特征，以‘福鼎大白茶’为对照(CK)，对14个茶树品种（系）的成活率、物候期、产量、品质等进行多年比较分析。结果显示14个参试茶树品种（系）中，‘青心1号’、‘保靖黄金茶1号’的适应性较差，定植成活率显著低于CK及其他品种（系）。物候期方面，‘川农黄芽早’、‘中选10号’、‘浙农901’等6个品种（系）的物候期比CK早，其中最早的‘川农黄芽早’一芽一叶期比CK早4~15天；‘中茶112’、‘川沐28’、‘浙农902’的物候期与CK相近；‘青心1号’、‘TRI25’、‘浙农702’等5个品种（系）的物候期晚于CK，其中最晚的‘青心1号’一芽一叶期比CK晚3~12 d。产量方面，‘马边绿1号’和‘川沐28’的平均产量最高，相比于CK分别提高了约52%和39%；而‘青心1号’平均产量显著低于CK（低约41%）；其他品种（系）的平均产量与CK无显著性差异。感官审评显示，‘TRI23’、‘浙农902’、‘马边绿1号’、‘川沐28’、‘保靖黄金茶1号’的烘青绿茶具特殊花香或花香较显、滋味浓醇，更易加工优质绿茶。从14个外引品种在贵州省贵阳市区试试验点的综合表现可以看出，‘马边绿1号’、‘川沐28’、‘浙农902’、‘TRI23’、‘玉笋’种植综合表现较好；‘中选10号’、‘浙农701’、‘浙农901’、‘川农黄芽早’、‘浙农702’、‘TRI25’、‘中茶112’表现适中；‘青心1号’及‘保靖黄金茶1号’虽然适应性稍差，但制茶品质优良。

关键词: 茶树品种（系）, 适应性, 物候期, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To comprehensively evaluate the adaptability, yield and quality characteristics of 14 introduced tea plant cultivars in Guiyang, the survival rate, phenological period, yield and quality of the cultivars were analyzed with ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ as the control (CK). The results showed that among the 14 tested tea plant cultivars, ‘Qingxin1’ and ‘Baojinghuangjincha1’ had poor adaptability and the planting survival rate was significantly lower than that of CK and other cultivars. The phenological period of 6 cultivars, such as ‘Chuannonghuangyazao’, ‘Zhongxuan10’, and ‘Zhenong901’, were earlier than that of CK, among which ‘Chuannonghuangyazao’ with the earliest phenological period had the one bud and one leaf stage 4-15 days earlier than that of CK. The phenological period of ‘Zhongcha112’, ‘Chuanmu28’ and ‘Zhenong902’ were similar to that of CK. The phenological period of 5 cultivars, such as ‘Qingxin1’, ‘TRI25’, and ‘Zhenong702’, were later than that of CK, among which ‘Qingxin1’ with the latest phenological period had the one bud and one leaf stage 3-12 days later than that of CK. In terms of yield, the average yield of ‘Mabianlv1’ and ‘Chuanmu28’ were the highest, which increased by about 52% and 39% compared with that of CK, respectively. The average yield of ‘Qingxin1’ was significantly lower than that of CK (about 41% lower). There was no significant difference of yield between other tea plant cultivars and CK. Sensory evaluation showed that the baked green tea of ‘TRI23’, ‘Zhenong902’, ‘Mabianlv1’, ‘Chuanmu28’ and ‘Baojinghuangjincha1’ had a special or obvious floral fragrance and a heavy and mellow taste, which were easier to process high-quality green tea. In summary, according to the comprehensive performance of the 14 introduced tea plant cultivars in the experimental sites in Guiyang of Guizhou Province, ‘Mabianlv1’, ‘Chuanmu28’, ‘Zhenong902’, ‘TRI23’and ‘Yusun’ have a good overall performance in planting. ‘Zhongxuan10’, ‘Zhenong701’, ‘Zhenong901’, ‘Chuannonghuangyazao’, ‘Zhenong702’, ‘TRI25’ and ‘Zhongcha112’ have a moderate performance. Although ‘Qingxin1’ and ‘Baojinghuangjincha1’ have poor adaptability, their tea making-quality is excellent.

Key words: tea plant cultivar, adaptability, phenological period, yield, quality