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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (5): 8-17.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0031

• 农艺科学 生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

山东省夏大豆产量等农艺性状演变趋势分析

何小春1(), 李敏敏1(), 张继雨2, 朱治佳3, 邱牧1, 赵杨1, 张正睿1, 张兰迎4   

  1. 1 聊城市农业科学院， 山东聊城 252000
    2 菏泽市农业科学院， 山东菏泽 274000
    3 黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院， 黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161000
    4 临朐县农业农村局， 山东潍坊 262600
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-17 修回日期:2025-05-15 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-05-15
  • 通讯作者:
    李敏敏，女，1991年出生，山东聊城人，高级农艺师，博士，主要从事大豆遗传育种与栽培研究。通信地址：252000 山东省聊城市东昌府区聊大西路11号 聊城市农业科学院，Tel：0635-6050135，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    何小春，男，1989年出生，山东莱芜人，农艺师，本科，主要从事大豆遗传育种与栽培研究。通信地址：252000 山东省聊城市东昌府区聊大西路11号 聊城市农业科学院，Tel：0635-6050135，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    聊城市重点研发计划政策引导类项目“大豆优异种质资源挖掘、创新与利用”(2024YD91)

Analysis of Evolution Trend of Agronomic Traits such as Summer Soybean Yield in Shandong Province

HE Xiaochun1(), LI Minmin1(), ZHANG Jiyu2, ZHU Zhijia3, QIU Mu1, ZHAO Yang1, ZHANG Zhengrui1, ZHANG Lanying4   

  1. 1 Liaocheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000
    2 Heze Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Heze, Shandong 274047
    3 Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000
    4 Linqu County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Weifang, Shandong 262600
  • Received:2025-02-17 Revised:2025-05-15 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-05-15

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摘要：

为加快山东省大豆品种改良更新，提升大豆产量，增强抗逆性，推动大豆产业持续发展，本研究以2019—2024年间山东省育成的73个夏大豆品种为材料，采用R软件分析其农艺性状、产量及品质指标的演变趋势，并开展性状相关性与聚类分析。结果表明，山东省近年审定大豆品种的区试及生试产量均呈极显著上升趋势(P=1.1e-6**, P<2.2e-16**)；百粒重与生育时期亦呈极显著上升趋势(P=2.6e-4**, P=2.4e-4**)。其中，区试产量与有效分枝呈显著正相关(r=0.24, P=0.04)，生试产量分别与百粒重、生育时期呈极显著正相关(r=0.46, P<1e-4; r=0.52, P<1e-4)。然而，整体上区试与生试的增产潜力呈下降趋势。为降低倒伏风险，近年来山东省育成大豆品种的株高和主茎节数均有所降低；从增产角度考虑，应在降低株高的同时适当缩短节间长度，以保持主茎节数稳定。相关分析显示，单株粒数与蛋白含量呈显著负相关(r=-0.24, P=0.046)，百粒重与蛋白含量呈显著正相关 (r=0.27, P=0.02)，有效分枝数与脂肪含量呈显著负相关关系(r=-0.24, P=0.046)。综上说明，增加有效分枝数、提高百粒重以及适当延迟熟期是近年来山东省提升大豆产量潜力的关键途径。此外，协调产量与品质之间的关系也是大豆遗传改良的重要方向。

关键词: 山东省, 夏大豆, 审定品种, 育种情况, 产量, 农艺性状, 演变趋势

Abstract:

To accelerate the improvement and renewal of soybean varieties in Shandong Province, increase soybean yield, enhance stress resistance, and promote the sustainable development of the soybean industry, this study used 73 summer soybean varieties developed in Shandong Province from 2019 to 2024 as materials to systematically analyze the evolution trends in major agronomic traits and quality indicators. The results showed that the yields of regional and multi-location trials of recently approved soybean varieties in Shandong Province exhibited extremely significant increasing trends (P=1.1e-6**, P<2.2e-16**); 100-grain weight and growth period also showed extremely significant upward trend (P=2.6e-4**, P=2.4e-4**). Among them, regional trial yield was significantly positively correlated with effective branching (r=0.24, P=0.04), and multi-location trial yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with 100-grain weight and growth period (r=0.46, P<1e-4; r=0.52, P<1e-4). However, overall, the yield potential in regional and multi-location trials showed a declining trend. To reduce the risk of lodging, the plant height and number of main stem nodes of soybean varieties developed in Shandong Province in recent years have been decreased; from a yield-increase perspective, the internode length should be appropriately shortened while reducing plant height to maintain a stable number of main stem nodes. Correlation analysis showed that the number of grains per plant was significantly negatively correlated with protein content (r=-0.24, P=0.046), 100-grain weight was significantly positively correlated with protein content (r=0.27, P=0.02), and the number of effective branches was significantly negatively correlated with fat content (r=-0.24, P=0.046). In summary, increasing the number of effective branches, improving 100-grain weight, and appropriately delaying maturity are key approaches to enhance soybean yield potential in Shandong Province in recent years. In addition, coordinating the relationship between yield and quality is also an important direction in soybean genetic improvement.

Key words: Shandong Province, summer soybean, approved varieties, breeding status, yield, agronomic traits, evolution trends

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