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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 40-50.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0225

• 林学 园艺 园林 食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同灌溉方式下黄花菜生长发育与产量的对比分析

李效珍1(), 李睿2, 李子龙1, 李小强1, 王嘉媛1, 梁丽珍1   

  1. 1 山西省大同市气象局， 山西大同 037010
    2 山西省朔州市气象局， 山西朔州 036002
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-24 修回日期:2025-05-26 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-03-19
  • 通讯作者:
    李睿，男，1977年出生，山西右玉人，高级工程师，学士，本科，主要从事农业气象服务方面的研究。通信地址：036002 山西省朔州市朔城区开发北路朔州市气象局。
  • 作者简介:

    李效珍，女，1967年出生，正研级高级工程师，学士，本科，主要从事农业气象、应用气象方面的研究。通信地址：037010 大同市经开区思贤街79号 市气象局，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    山西省科学技术厅农业一般项目“气象条件对黄花菜生长发育、产量及品质的影响研究”(201903D221102); 山西省气象局项目“黄花生产精细化气象服务研究”(SXKMSQH20205229); “大同地区黄花菜需水量及水分亏缺分析研究”(SXKMSQH20246704)

A Comparative Analysis of Growth, Development and Yield of Daylily Under Different Irrigation Methods

LI Xiaozhen1(), LI Rui2, LI Zilong1, LI Xiaoqiang1, WANG Jiayuan1, LIANG Lizhen1   

  1. 1 Datong Meteorological Bureau, Datong, Shanxi 037010
    2 Shuozhou Meteorological Bureau, Shuozhou, Shanxi 036002
  • Received:2024-12-24 Revised:2025-05-26 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-03-19

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摘要：

旨在明确山西省大同市黄花菜最优灌溉方式，为当地黄花菜种植及灌溉管理提供参考。在山西省大同市黄花菜主产区——云州区选取不同灌溉方式下的4种黄花菜地段，采取地理选点和不同灌溉方式选点相结合的方法，所选地段黄花菜苗龄在5年以上，其他田间管理方法相同，每次所选样株所处的发育期一致，定点定时取样进行测定，对比分析滴灌、喷灌、普通水浇地、旱地黄花菜生长指标、物质积累和产量结构的差异。利用1981—2023年气象资料分析了黄花菜主产区气温、降水变化特征，黄花菜生长季（出苗至花期末）气温、降水及需水量、水分亏缺变化特征。结果发现不同灌溉方式黄花菜生长指标、物质积累和产量结构有差异，其中滴灌灌溉方式下生长最快、物质积累最多，产量最高、灌溉贡献率最大；黄花菜主产区气温升高、生长季降水、10 mm以上有效降水均呈减少趋势，使得黄花菜生长季灌溉次数增多。综合分析表明，黄花菜生长季降水不能满足生长需求，降水正常年份需灌溉3次，干旱年份需灌溉6~7次，重旱年需灌溉10次或以上。滴灌是山西大同地区黄花菜生产最优灌溉方式，经济效益最好。

关键词: 山西省大同市云州区, 灌溉方式, 黄花菜, 生长指标, 物质积累, 产量, 灌溉贡献率

Abstract:

The aim is to clarify the optimal irrigation method for daylily in Datong City, Shanxi Province, and provide reference for local daylily cultivation and irrigation management. Four plots of daylily with different irrigation methods were selected by the methods of geographical location selection and irrigation method selection in Yunzhou District, the main production area of daylily in Datong City, Shanxi Province. The selected plots of daylily had a growth age of more than five years, and other field management methods were the same. The development period of each selected sample plant was consistent. Samples were taken at fixed points and times for determination. The differences in growth indicators, material accumulation and yield structure of daylily under drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, ordinary water irrigation and dry land were compared and analyzed. Based on meteorological data from 1981 to 2023, the characteristics of temperature and precipitation changes in the main production areas of daylily, as well as the changes in temperature, precipitation, water requirement and water deficit during the growth period (from emergence to the end of flowering) of daylily were analyzed. The results showed that there were differences in growth indicators, material accumulation and yield structure of daylily under different irrigation methods. Among them, the drip irrigation method resulted in the fastest growth, the most material accumulation, the highest yield and the greatest contribution rate of irrigation. The temperature in the main production areas of daylily has increased, while the precipitation and effective precipitation of more than 10 mm during the growth period have decreased, leading to an increase in the times of irrigations during the growth period of daylily. Comprehensive analysis indicated that the precipitation during the growth period of daylily could not meet the growth requirements. In normal precipitation years, three times of irrigations were needed, while in drought years, six to seven times of irrigations were required, and in severe drought years, ten or more irrigations were needed. Drip irrigation is the optimal irrigation method for daylily production in Datong, Shanxi Province, with the best economic benefits.

Key words: Yunzhou District, Datong City, Shanxi Province, irrigation method, daylily, growth indicators, material accumulation, output, irrigation contribution rate