Abstract: This paper collated the history of cultivation and weaving of bast fiber based on the historical documents and excavation records. The history can be traced back to neolithic period and continuously developed. Bast fiber was universally adopted as textile material and the kinds are various including Cannabis sativa, Boehmeria nivea, Corchorus capsularis and Musa textilis. The technique was mature including material selecting, degumming,weaving and etc. The materials were Boehmeria nivea and Musa textilis during Song Dynasty. The cloth was famous for tributes and commodity which boost the development of the society economy. This article traced the history of bast fiber in Guangxi and was aimed to have a profound understanding on the ancient textile and social economy of Guangxi.