Abstract: Working for project Biodiversity Evaluation of Shandong Province from Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China, the survey has been taken on fresh water fishery resources in Shandong Province inland water system. 153 species of fresh water fish have been identified, belonging to 15 orders and 31 families. Cypriniformes fish, including 2 families and 79 species, was most abundant, which accounting for 51.6% of fresh water fish species in Shandong Province. Distribution of fresh water fish was analyzed, based on the survey results from 120 counties of Shandong Province. Status of fresh water fishery resources in Shandong was analyzed and protection advice was provided in the article.