Abstract: In order to study scientific method of cotton seed reproduction acting on international convention,this paper compared and analyzed development of techniques in cotton seed production from seed import, field lump selection and piece selection based on population mixed selection, Three-Nursery in Three Years as well as its related techniques based on single plant selection, and Fore-Grade Seed Reproduction (FGSR) System technique based on replication selection theory. The three development stages of cotton seed production in scale in China are summarized in this study. The synthesized benefit of different seed production systems are also stated from manpower input, capital input and industrialization scale. FGSR system technique is more scientific seed production techniques suitable for China situation. The challenge and development prospect in seed production in China is also discussed.