Abstract: In order to further figure out the peasants’ current living conditions, detect whether rural society is running well or not, and evaluate the social effects of rural policies, this calculation was proceeding about the well-being of 300 peasants in Taigu County, Shanxi Province by using of well-being tables and SPSS 15.0 statistical software, moreover, the author analyzed regressively about its affecting factors. The results had shown that: presents’ well-being index are not high, which was connected closely with income level, age and marital status, however, no close relationship was shown with gender, education level, and health status etc. This calculation is aiming to improve the well-being index of peasants and bring more references for the construction of new socialist countryside.