Abstract: In order to speed up the process of cassava varieties breeding, the author briefly reviewed the advances in research on mutation breeding of cassava at home and abroad. Various factors such as selection of explants , mutagenesis method, mutation of the way, mutagenic effect of cassava, the identification of mutant, screening of mutants and the isolation of chimeric strategy were emphatically analyzed. It also has some problems of Mutation of randomness , chimeras and solution. So how to establish a high efficient system for mutation breeding of cassava is the key problem. And Mutation breeding technology and the combination of in vitro culture technology and biotechnology will be the research emphases in future.