Abstract: Safeguard our food security is a basic national policy. In order to protect our food security，required the central government to co-ordinate planning，economic benefits of local governments allocated and farmers' income increased, all three to achieve win-win. Through the analysis of food security situation and reasons of Chinese, comparative study of Chinese and foreign grain storage purpose and function, put forward to ensure food security should be central to food production, storage, sales, management rights to all major grain producing province, kingpin responsible system, not by the central enterprises to shoulder the national food security reserve, the new reform is bound to major grain producing province autonomy and national buy social grain storage capacity.