Abstract: The background of modern plant protection was sketched in the article. It was the situation of agricultural diseases and pests prevention and control was increasingly serious. Chemical prevention greatly polluted the country’s ecological environment and reduced the safety of agricultural products. Public and green plant protection was put forward under the guideline of prevention first and synthetical. In the same time, the present situation of tobacco plant protection technology system in China was reviewed. The major problems existed were summarized. The application of modern tobacco plant protection was also analyzed. It was believed that the speeding up of the modern tobacco plant protection and the promoting of traditional protection to modern protection could not only bring significant economic and social benefits, but also bring significant ecological benefits. It had a positive influence on the harmonious development of the production of tobacco.