Abstract: The development of soil and terrain is closely related to in the process of soil development, the terrain greatly affect the soil thickness of farmland, irrigation conditions and vegetation. According to the relationship between terrain and soil formation the terrain of Shache county was summarized 5 types: upper of alluvial diluvial fan、middle of alluvial diluvial fan、bottom of alluvial diluvial fan, edge of the desert, piedmont alluvial plain. In this paper, soil fertility of the cultivated land was systematically graded according to the different landscape scale of development of soils in Shache County. The soil fertility of the cultivated land was divided into 6 grades in the basis of 12 factors by the expert judgment and the cultivated land fertility evaluation system, which analyzed the reasons of different topographic position, limited the soil fertility to proposed measures to improve and use more effective. The scientific basis was provided for enhancing the effective utilization of cultivated land in Shache County.