Abstract: Combined with the characteristics of lightning shock wave, the shock wave damage identification method of lightning investigation of metal components of civil engineering, such as location, expounds the metal component damage, shock and the impact of external force, the lightning and the discharge channel, harm of lightning current, lightning current impulse wave, objects damaged lightning shock wave (overpressure), seven cases of damaged body resistance to shock pressure. The results showed that: when the survey results accord with the following conditions, may determine the lightning accidents caused by lightning shock hazard, this identification method is the shock wave analysis method. (1) Stroke time and metal components of lightning damage. (2) The impaired time in metal component, the flash of lightning damage to objects located near. (3) The lightning discharge produced higher flow channel heat and the heat is generated shock wave is strong. (4) In the metal component is damaged, the direction of non explosive damage, and no metallic body external impact. (5) the damaged metal body is smaller than the lightning surge capacity of resisting impact air pressure.