Abstract: American ecological compensation is mainly concerned about the ecological environment improvement related to agricultural production. The federal government and local governments have formulated and carry out many ecological protection policies such as agricultural protection and land conservation, etc. American agro- ecological compensation system is mainly manifested in the form of ecological protectionprojects. Based on the perspective of public finance, the author briefly introduces the formation of background, design ideas, methods of operation of USA agro- ecological compensation projects and shows USA agroecological compensation system from the aspect of practice, then summarizes the design ideas and the main points of operation. Comparing with China’s agro-ecological compensation system and practices, the paper provides some reference viewpoints.