Current issue

• 2014 Vol.4 No.11 Published:05 December 2014

  Effect of Density and Fertilizer on characters and Yield of Maize Long dan 63 2014, 4 (11):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0273 Abstract + ( 1443 )   PDF ( 1272KB )   ( 1276 ) By research the optimal plant density and fertilizer amount on the maize varieties‘Longdan 63’, itcould provide a basis for stable high-yield maize‘Longdan 63’. The effects of different plant density and fertilizer level on the yield and agronomic characters were studied with the varieties‘Longdan 63’as materials by means of randomized complete block design of two factors. The experimental data showed that under the same culture condition, the agronomic characters and yield of‘Longdan 63’had been improved and increased with the increase of fertilizer amount and density, plant height, ear position and barren ear tip length were increased continuously, ear length and ear diameter were reduced, ear rows and row grains changed nothing, the change of production existed the different differences. Moreover, the highest yield was up to 12251.27 kg/hm2 on the condition of (NH4)H2PO4, CO(NH2)2 and KCL were 300 kg/hm2, 300 kg/hm2 and 100 kg/hm2 and HA seedlings of 76920 strains. Therefore, the maize varieties‘Longdan 63’was more dense planting resistant, planting density should be controlled in 76920 plants/hm2 advisable, fertilizer amount should be controlled between B and C fertility levels.

  Combining Ability and Heritability Analysis of Spike Characters in Winter Wheat 2014, 4 (11):  5-9.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0132 Abstract + ( 1479 )   PDF ( 1184KB )   ( 975 ) In order to study the combining ability of spike characters in winter wheat and select excellent parents for breeding, with 9 wheat varieties planted widely in Huang-huai wheat area of‘shi4185’,‘shiH06-402’,‘jimai22’etc. as material, 36 cross combinations were compounded based on the diallel crossing system 4 of Griffing. Five wheat traits of spike length, kertile spikelets per spike, kernel per spike, thousand kernel weight and grain weight per spike were investigated, and on this basis combining ability analysis and heritability analysis were conducted on these traits. The results indicated that the general combining ability of kernel per spike of‘shiH06-402’and‘yannong19’were remarkably high, which could increase kernel per spike of progenies, and of thousand kernel weight of‘shi4185’and‘jimai22’was obviously large, which were ideal parents for improving thousand kernel weight. As parents, these varieties could effectively improve grain weight per spike. jimai22×yunmai18, shiH06-402×liangxing66, shi4185×jimai22 could be utilized as key cross for high- yield breeding. The heritability analysis showed that both heritability in broad sense and heritability in narrow sense of spike length were higher, and selection on this trait should be conducted from earlier generation. Heritability in narrow sense of thousand kernel weight and grain weight per spike was comparatively low, it showed that their additive genetic effect was small, so it was better to delay selective generations appropriately. Inheritance of kertile spikelets per spike and kernel per spike agreed with dominance model, selection on the two traits should be conducted in advanced generation.

  Analysis of High and Stable Yield of New Rice Variety—‘Jindao 12’ 2014, 4 (11):  10-14.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0061 Abstract + ( 1903 )   PDF ( 1627KB )   ( 1010 ) In order to provide basis for the better spread of‘Jindao 12’in the rice production in Shanxi Province and on the basis of 2007-2008 middle and late-maturing rice trial data in Shanxi, we made analysis on the high and stable yield of‘Jindao 12’by using the method of statistical analysis of regional data in the DPS data processing systems. The results showed that: the average yields of‘Jindao 12’over these two years were 9507 kg/hm2 and 9604.5 kg/hm2, which was 6% and 9.8% more compared to‘Jindao 8’. The main effects over the above two years were 0.78 and 0.71 respectively, indicating the high yield of‘Jindao 12’; its regression coefficients were 1.06 and 0.87 respectively, indicating that it was not sensitive to the environment; its high stability coefficients were 13.85% and 10.15% respectively in the above two years, indicating its stable and good yields. The panicles, the seed setting rates and the variation coefficients of ear length were better than its comparative groups. In conclusion,‘Jindao 12’is a new type of middle and late-maturing rice with high yield stability and with strong and wide adaptability. It has good grain quality and has better potentials if it is planted in better environment and with good cultivation techniques. It is suitable for industrial promotions.

  A Preliminary Effort Analysis of Several Factors on Hybrid Soybean Seed Production 2014, 4 (11):  15-18.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0181 Abstract + ( 1533 )   PDF ( 1239KB )   ( 1065 ) In order to investigate the effects of different factors on hybrid soybean seed production, a three factors split plot experiment with the sowing time, row space and the ratio of male to female parents, a two factors random experiment with the sowing time, the distance from female rows to oil sunflower were studied. The results showed that, the sowing time had significant effects on hybrid soybean seed production，the row space，the ratio of male to female parents and the interactions had no significant effects. When the sowing time, row space and the ratio of male to female parents were May 10th, 50 cm and 1:2 parental rows respectively, the hybrid soybean seed production was the maximum output. The distance from female rows to oil sunflower had highly significant effects on hybrid soybean seed production. When the distance from female rows to oil sunflower were 90 cm, the output of hybrid soybean seed production was best. The conclusion was that the earlier sowing date and the shorter distance from female rows to oil sunflower can improve hybrid soybean seed production significantly or highly significantly in some cases.

  Study on Soybean Optimum Sowing Dates Under Soybean Intercropping with Cassava 2014, 4 (11):  19-22.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0283 Abstract + ( 1505 )   PDF ( 1560KB )   ( 857 ) For the purpose of the optimum dates, the effect of soybean different sowing dates under soybean intercropping with cassava on yield, agronomic characters and economic benefits of soybean and cassava in northwest of Fujian Province were studied. The results showed that in the models of cassava intercropped soybean, when the soybean were sown on the date of March 17, the highest yield of soybean and cassava were 1432.5 kg/hm2 and 20511.0 kg/hm2 respectively, and the highest net income was 2350.50 yuan/hm2. Under growing time of cassava, earlier planting soybean was both good for higher yield, main agronomic characters and net income. The optimum dates of soybean sowing was days in mid March.

  Comparative Experiment and Benefit Analysis between New Sugarcane Variety Guifu98-296 and Dominant Sugarcane Variety 2014, 4 (11):  23-25.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0243 Abstract + ( 1084 )   PDF ( 1118KB )   ( 1071 ) The comparative demonstration experiments using new sugarcane variety‘Guifu98- 296’and dominant sugarcane variety‘ROC22’or‘ROC16’were conducted in 7 different ecological areas of Guangxi.The results showed that the average yields of‘Guifu98-296’achieved 103.29 t/hm2, increased 21.02 t/hm2 comparing with CK (82.27 t/hm2), and this was 25.55% higher than that of CK. The average sucrose of ‘Guifu98- 296’was 15.22% , 1.09% (absolute value) higher than that of CK (14.13% ). Sugar yield per hm2 of ‘Guifu98- 296’was 15.71 t, increased 4.07 t comparing with CK (11.65 t), and the increased percentage reached 34.97%. Benefit analysis per hm2 results showed that, farmer income increased 9879.40 yuan/hm2, and the sugar enterprises got 16845.89 yuan. So the total value of industrial and agricultural economic benefits increased 26725.29 yuan.

  Integrative Evaluation on the Resistance and Invasion Risk of Pests and Diseases Among Main Rice Varieties 2014, 4 (11):  26-33.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0704 Abstract + ( 955 )   PDF ( 1703KB )   ( 1074 ) In order to explore the invasion risk and synthetic resistance of diseases and insect pests among ain rice varieties, a resistance evaluation of 11 rice varieties was tested by using methods of natural inducing n field. The results showed that the resistances of these rice varieties to main diseases and insect pests were orted from high to low like the following:‘Yongyou No.538’,‘Yongyou No.12’,‘Xiushui 134’,‘Yongyou o.15’,‘Zheyou No.18’,‘Feng two Yuka No.1’,‘Yongyou No.8’,‘Yongyou No.9’,‘Zhongzheyou No.1’, Zhongzheyou No.8’,‘Tianyouhuazhan’. Among these varieties, the first four ones are high resistance, the next five ones for middle resistance and the remaining two varieties for high and middle sensibility espectively. The evaluation results of rice resistance were identical in the two tested field to main diseases and nsect pests, and slightly difference to sporadic ones. By using the method of Multiple Goal Decision for target analysis and making corresponding conversion, the evaluations of synthetic resistances were in good agreement etween the two tested fields. Via the analysis to the genetic relationship, it was found that the rice varieties with closer male parents had more similar resistance. We made integrated control strategy according to the analysis of variety characteristics and resistance changes, which would provide evidence for monitoring, early warning and management of diseases and insect pests under different varieties distribution.

  Integrative Evaluation on the Resistance and Invasion Risk of Pests and Diseases Among Main Rice Varieties 曹红梅, and 2014, 4 (11):  34-36.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0237 Abstract + ( 901 )   PDF ( 1293KB )   ( 1071 ) In order to explore the invasion risk and synthetic resistance of diseases and insect pests among main rice varieties, a resistance evaluation of 11 rice varieties was tested by using methods of natural inducing in field. The results showed that the resistances of these rice varieties to main diseases and insect pests were sorted from high to low like the following:‘Yongyou No.538’,‘Yongyou No.12’,‘Xiushui 134’,‘Yongyou No.15’,‘Zheyou No.18’,‘Feng two Yuka No.1’,‘Yongyou No.8’,‘Yongyou No.9’,‘Zhongzheyou No.1’, ‘Zhongzheyou No.8’,‘Tianyouhuazhan’. Among these varieties, the first four ones are high resistance, the next five ones for middle resistance and the remaining two varieties for high and middle sensibility respectively. The evaluation results of rice resistance were identical in the two tested field to main diseases and insect pests, and slightly difference to sporadic ones. By using the method of Multiple Goal Decision for target analysis and making corresponding conversion, the evaluations of synthetic resistances were in good agreement between the two tested fields. Via the analysis to the genetic relationship, it was found that the rice varieties with closer male parents had more similar resistance. We made integrated control strategy according to the analysis of variety characteristics and resistance changes, which would provide evidence for monitoring, early warning and management of diseases and insect pests under different varieties distribution.

  Effects of Fertilizer Placement on Sugar Beet Yield and Quality in Paper Pot Culture xiaochun wang, and 2014, 4 (11):  37-40.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0236 Abstract + ( 1056 )   PDF ( 1298KB )   ( 1042 ) In order to improve P. elegans production in Qingyuan, Pleonomus canaliculatus in Qingyuan damage were investigated, and its biological characteristics were described. The survey found Pleonomus canaliculatus was the main pest ofP. elegans out shoot in Qingyuan area. According to wireworm larvae in Pelegans the spatial distribution of soil showed that: the distribution of larger wireworms inP. elegans in soil mainly aggregated distribution. In view of wireworm harm shoots than in previous reports had a tendency to expand, in bamboo transplanting, soil improvement to be considered

  Effects of Straw Returning Technology on Agronomic Characters and Yield of Soybean 2014, 4 (11):  41-44.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0042 Abstract + ( 842 )   PDF ( 1552KB )   ( 1095 ) In order to reach a good effect on straw returning, reasonable measure of should be taken of straw returning. By different processing methods of straw returning, the article made analysis on variance and multiple comparison with agronomic characters and yield of soybean, the results showed that the plant height,single node number, pod number, grain number and yield of those three treatments were on the increasecomparing with the common ground treatments, those three treatments were the straw mulching, soil returning,and the burning of straw. The straw soil returning treatment was the best, and the different between them reached significant or highly significant. The yield of straw soil returning was more than 32.31% compared with common ground, the yield of straw mulching was more than 22.50%, the yield of burning of straw was more than 13.65%. The yield of straw soil returning was the best, because of the good effect on well-composted, it would promote an increase in soil fertilizers, and absorb the nutrients fully for soybean.

  Ecological Utilization Technology of Cotton Stalks zhang LI,,, and 2014, 4 (11):  45-48.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0141 Abstract + ( 883 )   PDF ( 1128KB )   ( 1082 ) The research aims to improve the use of cotton stalks rationally and efficiently, reduce the waste of available resources and avoid adverse impact on the ecological environment, so that the cotton stalks can play its role as renewable resources. From the perspective of ecological utilization of cotton stalks, the author came up with the application technologies and relevant issues of cotton stalks, such as the cotton stalks used as fertilizer, feed and fuel, in order to promote the rational utilization of cotton stalks resources. This paper consists of 5 parts: the first part was the preface: the utilization status of cotton stalks resources at home and abroad; the second part: advantages of utilization and propose advantages of utilization in four specific areas; the third part: the traditional approach of hazard analysis; the fourth part: comprehensive utilization technologies; the fifth part: the conclusion. The author summarized the research work and proposed the focus of future research.

  Research on Application Coal Cinder in Flue-cured Tobacco Production 2014, 4 (11):  49-54.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0444 Abstract + ( 1141 )   PDF ( 1289KB )   ( 951 ) In order to investigate the effect of coal cinder in flue-cured tobacco planting, realize the waste utilization of coal cinder in flue-cured tobacco production, a field experiment was carried out at different dosage coal cinder and different application patterns, the tobacco agronomic traits, tobacco quality and economic traits were evaluated. The results showed that: by using coal cinder, the tobacco agronomic traits and economic traits were bettered, the internal chemical constituents of roast tobacco leaf were be more coordination. Among all the treatments, the T4 treatment (hole applying coal cinder 750 kg/hm2 and broadcasting coal cinder 15000 kg/hm2) was best improved tobacco economic traits. Compared with T9 treatment (none coal application), the yield increased 126 kg/hm2, increased by 5.22% ; the output value increased 4042.05 yuan/hm2, increased by 9.11%; the average price increased 0.68 yuan/kg, increased by 3.71%; the high class leaf ratio increased by 16.75%. After applying coal cinder, the heavy metals of arsenic in the soil and chromium in the roast tobacco leaf were reduced significant. The arsenic in the soil (except T3) and the chromium in the roast leaf were reduced more than 98%, 86.5% respectively.

  Analysis of the climate in 2011 Qingyun County jujube late 2014, 4 (11):  55-58.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0387 Abstract + ( 1180 )   PDF ( 1560KB )   ( 912 ) According to the historical records of the same period, the colors of Ziziphus jujuba in Qingyun begin to turn red before and after lunar calendar in July 15, which is ripe on the whole to lunar calendar in August 15, and then the fruit is fully harvested in autumnal equinox season. However, the Ziziphus jujuba stillpresented a green and lush to lunar calendar in August 15 in 2011. In accordance with the growth pattern of the Ziziphus jujuba of in this region, the Ziziphus jujuba should mature in mid- September, however, its maturity actually delayed a month. In order to find the reason which caused the delayed maturity ofZiziphus jujuba , the analysis mainly focus on the climatic features of temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours inthis paper, furthermore, a comparison was made between the features in 2011 and the climatic features during the period from 1971-2010. The results showed that there was no significant abnormalities on the overall climate of the whole growing reason, however, by further detailed analysis, it was found that the features of the low temperature, the small diurnal temperature, the above normal precipitation days and the serious shortage of sunshine during the maturity of Ziziphus jujuba , which were the main cause of late-maturing of Ziziphus jujuba

  An Overview of the Modern Lycium Barbarum Cultivation Management 2014, 4 (11):  59-60.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2013-xb0740 Abstract + ( 870 )   PDF ( 1151KB )   ( 1077 ) Because of Lycium barbarum skins, fruit and leaf can be used as a medicine, now, as a tonic medicines widely favored by the people. Lycium barbarum is also the good soil and water conservation and windbreak and sand-fixation tree species, so, it is a better choice in sand control construction of environmental ecology, therefore,Lycium barbarum trend with the demand of market demand.Lycium barbarum industry in Inner Mongolia as an important area in north China, it has been to increase the cultivation and management of Lycium barbarum industry, the author participated in Lycium barbarum research and cultivation work for many years. In this paper, the author introduced from several aspects such as the edible, medicinal, ornamental introduced the value ofLycium barbarum . The cultivation ofLycium barbarum , field management, pest control, harvest processing technology has carried on the preliminary discussion.

  Study on the Adaptability of Dmestic and Imported New Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties in Shaoyan 2014, 4 (11):  61-65.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2013-xb1063 Abstract + ( 1077 )   PDF ( 1577KB )   ( 1126 ) In order to screen out new flue-cured tobacco varieties adapted to the ecological conditions of Shaoyang City, taking‘K326’as the check variety, the comparative tests of 5 flue-cured tobacco varieties,including‘Yunyan99’,‘NC297’,‘NC196’,‘Yueyan99’and‘Bina 1’were carried out in Shaoyang, Hunan Province in 2013, their biological characters, economic characters and appearance qualities were observed and analyzed. The results showed that the yield and output value of‘Bina 1’,‘Yueyan99’and‘Yunyan97’were higher than other varieties; quality of‘NC297’,‘NC196’was worse. Except‘Yueyan99’, the effect of other flue-cured tobacco varieties was small. Comprehensively considering the yield and quality of these 5 varieties,‘Yunyan 99’and‘Bina 1’could be planted and demonstrated in Shaoyang City,‘Yueyan 99’needed further verify the disease resistance,‘NC297’and‘NC196’need optimize field management and flue technology.

  The Discussion on Landscape Phenology of Landscape Plants 2014, 4 (11):  66-68.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0175 Abstract + ( 990 )   PDF ( 2258KB )   ( 772 ) Based on the actual demand of landscape architecture, studied from relevant disciplines, fused landscape architecture and phenology, landscape phenology was constructed. Then its background,connotation, characteristics, research approach and significance were also expounded. Landscape phenology could not only consider the ornamental demand of landscape architecture, but also make use of the precisenature of phenology. Landscape phenology could greatly improve the quality and accuracy of landscape plants scenery design and promote the development of landscape architecture.

  Structure Feature of Diameter Distribution in Castanopsis kawakamii Artificial Forests 2014, 4 (11):  69-72.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0293 Abstract + ( 900 )   PDF ( 1603KB )   ( 1003 ) To assure the forest diameter structure has great significance in forest sustainable management. Diameter structure in 5 different communities of C. kawakamii artificial forest was studied by applying 5 different probability distributions. The results showed that the structure feature of C. kawakamii ’s diameter distribution could be well reflected byb distribution and Weibull distribution, which had significant correlation with average bosom diameter of standing forest. The deviate degree being different and the peak value being negative and smooth, which indicated that the diameter structure of the superiority had a large scope and the medium bosom diameter was in the majority. Comparing the diameter structure ofC. kawakamii population in artificial and natural forest,b distribution imitates well in different forest origins. However, as a result of human disturbance, Weibull distribution was well reflected the diameter structure of C. kawakamii population as which were same age in artificial forest. The author analyzed the diameter distribution structure feature ofC. kawakamii population in artificial forest, which had great significance in cultivating and managing C.kawakamii population.

  Effect of ALA on Photosynthetic Physiology in Jackfruit 2014, 4 (11):  73-76.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0308 Abstract + ( 1022 )   PDF ( 1264KB )   ( 1012 ) After being sprayed with different concentration ALA for 4 days, photosynthesis parameters of 2 a jackfruit tree were analyzed with a LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system analyzer to study the effect of ALA on photosynthetic physiology in jiackfruit. The results showed that low concentrations of ALA could significantly promote jackfruit tree photosynthesis, in which, the Pn, Tr, WUE , Gs, Ci of 10 mg/L ALA respectively increased 56.0%, 30.6%, 19.4%, 23.8%, 54.2% than CK,Ls reduced 37.6%. But thePn, Tr, Gs, Ci of 20 mg/L were respectively reduced 2.2%, 28.4%, 31.1%, 11.6% than CK, and theWUE, Ls increased by 36.3%, 8.1%. Thus it can be seen appropriate concentration of ALA can be effectively enhance the jackfruit photosynthesis, but the high concentration not.

  The effect of Spring Low temperature freezing Injury on Relative Character Variation Coefficient of Walnut 支虎明, and 刘福新 2014, 4 (11):  73-76.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0531 Abstract + ( 914 )   PDF ( 1264KB )   ( 919 ) In order to efficiently resist the spring low temperature freezing injury and improve the stable yield stability (between years), the study was conducted on spring low temperature freezing injury influence on relative character variation coefficient of walnut. The result showed that, the mixed bud leaf bud and male flower bud had different resisting ability to low temperature freeing among distinct varieties, but the bud death rate exhibited a trend of male flower bud> mixed bud leaf bud. The related character variation coefficient of branches in different position was subsidiary bud branch rate> female flower fertile fruit rate> fertile fruit branch rate> bloom female flower branch rate> fertile fruit rate of branch> new branch of tree crown rate. The related character variation coefficient of different varieties was subsidiary bud branch rate> fertile fruit rate of branch> bloom female flower branch rate> fertile fruit rate of branch> female flower fertile fruit rate> new branch of tree crown rate. The study provided theoretical basis on resisting spring low temperature freezing injury to achieve stable production of walnut in low mountain and hills areas of Lvliang Mountain.

  Genomic DNA Extraction and Optimization of ISSR-PCR Reaction System for Saccharina 2014, 4 (11):  80-84.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2013-xb0938 Abstract + ( 1028 )   PDF ( 2028KB )   ( 1104 ) In order to establish a reproducible, stable, and suitable reaction system of Saccharina for ISSR analysis of genetic differences, the genomic DNA extracted from gametophytes of Saccharina was used as template, the different concentrations of the factors in reaction system were optimized by orthogonal design experiment. The results showed that, the optimal ISSR reaction system (20 μL) contained 1 ×PCR buffer, 1.2 mmol/L Mg2 , 0.2 mmol/L dNTPs, 1 μmol/L ISSR primer, 40 ng template DNA and 0.25 U Taq DNA polymerase. The PCR program was pre-denatured at 95℃ for 3 min and followed by 38 cycles of 45 s at 95℃, 45 s at 52℃, 2 min at 72℃, and final extension of 10 min at 72℃. The optimal ISSR reaction system was stable and repeatable. This system could provide the technical foundation for the application of ISSR molecular marker technology for the study on genetic diversity and molecular identification ofSaccharina .

  Effects of Different Feeding Models and Feeding Ways on Growth, Gonad Development ofthe Sea Urchins (Strongylocentrotus intermedius) 2014, 4 (11):  85-91.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0144 Abstract + ( 1194 )   PDF ( 1322KB )   ( 1077 ) In order to study the effects of different feeding models and feeding ways on growth, gonad development ofS.intermedius , the growth targets and gonad traits ofS.intermedius were measured and analyzed in the experiment under different feeding models (M1: kelp, M2: kelp mussel, M3: pumpkin, M4: carrot) and different feeding ways (RM1: feed kelp after feeding pumpkin for 75 days, RM2: feed kelp after feeding carrot for 75 days). The results showed that on conditions of the different feeding models, there’s no significant difference between M1(57.84±3.25) mm, (72.58±11.07) g and M2 (56.60±2.66) mm, (69.62±8.94) g on test diameter and weight of sea urchin(P >0.05), both of them were significantly different with M3 (53.10±2.28) mm, (57.31±8.18) g and M4(50.12±1.70) mm, (50.45±4.27) g models (P <0.01); the GI of M2(♀ :31.22±3.31)%, (♂:30.92±2.76)% model was significantly higher than the other three models (P <0.01); the light orange-yellow ΔE1 and lightyellow ΔE 2 of femaleS.intermedius under M2 model were significantly better(P <0.05) than control group(M1 model), which was not significantly different with control group in male S.intermedius (P >0.05). The results suggested that: the bait added with animal protein has obvious promoting effects on the gonad index and the quality of the gonad (P <0.05). On conditions of the different feeding ways, the test diameter of control group (57.84 ± 3.25)mm was significantly higher than RM1 (55.46 ± 2.19) mm model, and there’s no significant difference (P >0.05) between RM1 (68.63±7.39) g model and control group(72.58±11.07)g on weight, the growth rate of diameter (12.55±0.22)%, (12.68±1.78)% and weight (29.60±4.20)%, (30.53±2.09)% under RM1 and RM2 models were significantly higher (P <0.05)than control group (9.79±0.97)%, (19.86±4.86)% during 75 days to 150day. There’s no significant difference (P >0.05)with the GI in different gender and feeding ways. There’s no significant difference in ΔE 1 and ΔE 2 of RM1 and RM2 models (P >0.05), both of them were significantly better (P <0.05) than control group. The results suggested that: the feeding ways of feed kelp after feeding pumpkin for 75days could not significantly affect the weight of sea urchin, but also had obvious promoting effects on the gonad index and the quality of the gonad. This experiment aims to find suitable feeding models and feeding ways which can improve the growth and gonad quality of S. intermedius and provide certain reference for the selections of feeding models and feeding ways in the link of sea urchin cultivation.

  Land Consolidation Projects Design Analysis: A Case Study of Land Consolidation Project in Shangbamiao Town of Bazhong City 2014, 4 (11):  92-95.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0193 Abstract + ( 924 )   PDF ( 1159KB )   ( 869 ) Based on the actual project- land consolidation project in Shangbamiao Town of Bazhong City as an example, from land leveling project, irrigation and drainage project and country roads design, the author analyzed the feasibility, rationality and practicability of the land consolidation project design scheme, and the benefit of ecological environment of the landscape ecology used in land consolidation and rehabilitation andeconomic benefits of the project. It could provide the visual basis for improving the quality of cultivated land, the integrative and systematic of crop production and the adjustment of industrial structure. The study has certain representativeness.

  Activity Changes of Polyphenol Oxidase,Peroxidase and β-Glycosidase in Black Tea Processing 2014, 4 (11):  96-99.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0292 Abstract + ( 1130 )   PDF ( 1341KB )   ( 1161 ) By using one bud two leaves of‘Taiyuan big leaf’species in the summer as materials, the dynamic activity changes of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase andβ -glycosidase in processing black tea and the effect of water moisture of processing leaves on the enzyme was studied in order to provide reference for processing high incense and high theaflavins black tea. The results showed that with the extension of withering time, the activity of the three enzymes increased differently, after 14 hours withering, polyphenol oxidase activity increased 2.9 times, peroxidase activity increased 3.5 times, andβ -glycosidase activity increased 2.1 times. In rolling, fermentation, drying process, the activity of three kind enzymes decreased differently. According to the results, it could be inferred thatβ -glycosidase affected aroma quality of black tea mainly in the process of fermentation and early withering, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase affected the taste quality of black tea mainly in the process of fermentation. According to the degree of activity change the three kind enzyme and the condition of water loss in the withering leaves, the appropriate criteria black tea processing could be determined, and the appropriate criteria of fermentation also could be determined according to the ratio changes of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase.

  Virtual Agriculture Technology and Its Application 2014, 4 (11):  100-104.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0713 Abstract + ( 930 )   PDF ( 1447KB )   ( 1315 ) Virtual agriculture technology is a new research direction, is a virtual reality technology and the combination of the agricultural science, it opens a new way of agricultural technology research. It will change the traditional mode of agricultural production, scientific research and teaching, its prospects for development will bring huge economic benefits. Through the overview of virtual agriculture technology, the application range of the virtual agriculture technology was discussed, and the paper pointed out the development direction of virtual agriculture.

  Application of CCGI in monitoring the cotton in Anhui Province in 2013 2014, 4 (11):  105-108.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0170 Abstract + ( 909 )   PDF ( 1167KB )   ( 1034 ) In order to predict and analyze monthly growth and overall production of cotton in Anhui Province in 2013, the author evaluated and early warned the cotton prenatal, delivery and postnatal production and development with CCGI which was counted through continuous survey from multi-point and multi-family. The results showed that: several climate disasters were extremely detrimental to the growth of cotton in Anhui Province in 2013, so the province average CCGI was only 92, and the general trend of cotton growth was significantly worse than in 2012. The cotton acreage of Anhui Province in 2013 was 255600 hm2, and decreased 10.1% comparing to the last year, while the total production was 237000 t, down 18.8%, and the lint yield was 927 kg/hm2, minus 6.5%. As the cotton market continued to slump, the cotton area was expected in 2014 in Anhui Province which would continue to decline, or down 13.2%, or reduced to 226667 hm2 or less.

  The Operating Practices and Referencing Significances of U. S. A Agro-ecological Compensation System from The Perspective of Public Finance 2014, 4 (11):  109-113.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0954 Abstract + ( 1178 )   PDF ( 1538KB )   ( 1318 ) American ecological compensation is mainly concerned about the ecological environment improvement related to agricultural production. The federal government and local governments have formulated and carry out many ecological protection policies such as agricultural protection and land conservation, etc. American agro- ecological compensation system is mainly manifested in the form of ecological protectionprojects. Based on the perspective of public finance, the author briefly introduces the formation of background, design ideas, methods of operation of USA agro- ecological compensation projects and shows USA agroecological compensation system from the aspect of practice, then summarizes the design ideas and the main points of operation. Comparing with China’s agro-ecological compensation system and practices, the paper provides some reference viewpoints.

  Development Mode of Leisure Agriculture and Product Innovation Research in Liaoning Province 2014, 4 (11):  114-117.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0238 Abstract + ( 920 )   PDF ( 1168KB )   ( 1029 ) The government attached great importance to the three agricultural issues and new urbanization provided a good policy for the development of leisure agriculture, while the rapid development of city brought a huge market demand to leisure agriculture. Leisure agriculture in Liaoning Province was rich in resources, but the pattern was as single as other regions in China, and there were some problems in product taste. So how to combine the market demands with polities, how to make full use of agricultural resources, how to adjust and optimize the agricultural structure to balance urban and rural development was the important problem. This article analyzed the characteristics of leisure agriculture in Liaoning Province by the source view and put forward four patterns about the development of leisure agriculture.

  Analysis of Design of Ecological Agriculture Garden--A Case Study of Xihu Recreational Area, Eryuan County, Yunnan 2014, 4 (11):  118-124.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0558 Abstract + ( 1025 )   PDF ( 2637KB )   ( 937 ) This paper analyzed in detail the landscape, resources, and local Bai Nationality culture in the case study area: Xihu Recreational Area, Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, and proposed, following the theory ofecology and landscape aesthetics, a design framework of the ecological agriculture garden that underlined the ecological functions, unique local culture, and different seasonal topics. Spatially, the layout could besummarized as‘One core, One circle, Ten zones, and Eleven scenic spots’. According to this layout, considering the temporal changes of climate, canopy, and color of leaves, and the interactions of different species, more than twenty local species were chosen to form man- made plan communities with multiple structures and functions. The roads which were classified as levels I, II, and III based on their capacities and topography connected all zones, scenic spots, and supportive facilities as one entity. The design and construction of Xihu Recreational Area could be used as a demonstration garden in utilizing natural and humanity resources.