Abstract: Land ecological security assessment is a hot issue of Land Use/Cover Change (LUCC). Firstly, the authors reviewed different interpretations of the concept of ecological security, and put forward the concept and theoretical system of ecological security and land ecological security through studying of relevant literatures. Then, the authors took the northwest of Shanxi Province as an example, and combined with regional land use change characteristic, established a regional land ecological security evaluation index system with 20 indexes from three aspects including natural selection, social economy and ecological system. Finally, the authors listed some problems in the research of ecological security of land, and made an outlook on the future development of the evaluation index system of land ecological security.