Current issue

• 2015 Vol.5 No.11 Published:19 November 2015

  Effect of Foliar Application of Selenium Fertilizer on the Yield and Selenium Content in Rice 2015, 5 (11):  1-3.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15030028 Abstract + ( 1678 )   PDF ( 1285KB )   ( 913 ) In order to study the effect of foliar spray of selenium on rice yield and selenium content in rice, the author adopted random plot experiment and sprayed foliar selenium fertilizer on rice at different growth stages, then determined selenium content in rice under different treatments by atomic fluorescence spectrometry, and calculated rice yield in plot. The results showed that spraying Se fertilizer had no effect on effective panicle number and grain number per spike, slightly increased the thousand grain weight, but significantly increased the seed setting rate of rice, which could effectively improve the yield of rice, and the yield increase was in the range of 4.56%-11.43%. Spraying Se fertilizer could not only raise rice yield to some extent, but also improve the selenium content in rice at heading stage. Spraying Se fertilizer 7 days after full heading stage could significantly increase the yield and selenium content in rice.

  Effect of Different Cultivation Factors on Yield of‘Suiza No.7’Sorghum 2015, 5 (11):  4-9.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15020005 Abstract + ( 1881 )   PDF ( 1430KB )   ( 837 ) In order to investigate the comprehensive effect of different cultivation factors on‘suiza No.7’ sorghum, with three factors quadratic current rotation revolving design, the models were established on the effects of density, fertilizer amount and seed-date on yield of‘Suiza No.7’Sorghum. According to the testing results of DPS, the quadratic regression model had better simulation effect. The mathematical model was: Y= 8218.18312-446.78324X12-287.68422X22-567.34494X32. The results showed that the influencing order of three factors on yield was sowing time >planting density>fertilizer. Two-factor interaction analysis showed that there was a positive interaction between sowing time and planting density, planting density and fertilizer, sowing time and fertilizer to some extent. By computer simulating, the cultivation combination to obtain seed yield above 7330 kg/hm2 for‘Suiza No.7’was being planted at 7th to 12th May with planting density of 17.154- 18.846×104 plants/km2 and fertilizer rate of 211.8-150.7 kg/hm2.

  Research Progress of Response Mechanisms of Cotton to Salt Stress and Mitigation Measures 2015, 5 (11):  10-16.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15040008 Abstract + ( 1590 )   PDF ( 1417KB )   ( 1273 ) Salinity was one of the important adversities which could hinder crop growing development. This article summarized the salt stress influence on cotton growth, yield and quality, analyzed the self-regulatory and response mechanism of cotton to the salt adversity to reduce the damage, including osmotic adjustment, membrane lipid regulation, ion distribution and the molecular mechanism, and summed up the measures of alleviating salt injury, including salt tolerance breeding, cultivation management techniques and molecular breeding. Finally the future direction of cotton salt tolerance research was proposed: the combination of molecular mechanism and physiological mechanism; the combination of conventional cultivation measures and physical and chemical methods; the development and application of remote sensing monitoring system.

  Research on Genetic Characteristics and Utilization Value of F.emorginatum 2015, 5 (11):  17-21.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15030030 Abstract + ( 1539 )   PDF ( 1581KB )   ( 901 ) To increase the unit output of the Common buckwheat (F. esculentum) substantially, using the related germplasm resources of the Wing buckwheat (F. emarginatum) is essential. The author carried out observations and studies on the genetic characteristics of the Wing buckwheat (F. emarginatum) varieties. The results showed that the Wing buckwheat (F. emarginatum) had larger seed, 43.8 g per thousand grain weight and 15% setting rate; while the Common buckwheat (F. esculentum) had 33 g per thousand grain weight and 10.3% setting rate . In addition, with morphological markers and invisible genetics, the Wing buckwheat (F. emarginatum) grain was convenient for utilization. Without reproductive disorders, the Wing buckwheat (F. emarginatum) and the Common buckwheat (F. esculentum) could have mutual pollination, which exhibited a stronger heterosis. The Wing buckwheat (F. emarginatum) had significant agronomic traits, and high economic value could be achieved when the variety was used as breeding material.

  Research Progress on Rice (Oryza sativa. L) Leaf Thickness 2015, 5 (11):  22-25.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas14120028 Abstract + ( 1509 )   PDF ( 1139KB )   ( 1090 ) Leaf thickness is an important factor of leaf morphology and index of plant type improvement, and has attracted much attention in the research of rice ideal plant type and high-yield breeding. Recently, a great deal of studies on rice thickness has been carried out using SLW or SLA as evaluation index. This review, therefore, aims to summarize the role of leaf thickness in plant type building, photosynthesis and yield formation, as well as the progress of genetic analysis and QTL mapping, for the purpose to provide reference for the further research. Furthermore, current problems of measurement and evaluation of leaf thickness are analyzed, and the application of nondestructive leaf thickness instrument is discussed.

  Effects of Different Planting Densities on Soybean Sclerotinia Stem Rot Disease Index 2015, 5 (11):  26-29.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15020003 Abstract + ( 1193 )   PDF ( 1206KB )   ( 833 ) The study aims to determine the correlation between the disease index of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the main influencing factors of different soybean planting densities. The test set up 3 density treatments in 2014, 25×104 strains/hm2, 30×104 strains /hm2 and 35×104 strains /hm2. The average soil moisture, average soil temperature, stem strength, stem diameter, germination number of sclerotium apothecium and the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum disease index were investigated at the end of August. The path analysis was used to analyze the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum index and data processed. The results showed that, although the production increased under high density planting of soybean, the disease index also increased. The main reason was the weakening of stem strength and the increase of germination number of apothecium, which led to severe occurrence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In the future, close attention should be paid to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in case of large germination amount of apothecium in high density planting of soybean.

  Analysis of Resistance of Myzus persicae Population to 6 Kinds of Common Insecticides in Yuxi Green District 李艳琼,,陆星星,冯翠萍 and 林莉 2015, 5 (11):  30-35.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15020014 Abstract + ( 1191 )   PDF ( 1413KB )   ( 813 ) The study aims to master the present resistance characteristics of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) populations to common insecticides and the resistance distribution of the medicament in Yunxi City. The author used the indoor bioassay methods, tested 6 kinds of common insecticides on 4 field populations and 1 nature reserve sensitive population, and obtained the resistant levels of the field populations. The results showed that Tonghai population had the highest sensitivity, which was from sensitive to extremely high levels (0.64-409.52 times); Yuanjiang population was from sensitive to extremely high levels (0.19-317.55 times); Chengjiang population was from sensitive to the high levels (0.59-77.71 times); Hongta District population had the lowest levels, which was from sensitive to sensitive falling levels (0.38-4.79 times). Resistance to 6 drugs was in an order as: pirimicarb (4.79- 409.52 times) > deltamethrin (4.27- 80.22 times) > chlorpyrifos (1.97- 13.95 times) > imidacloprid (0.93-5.74 times)> pymetrozine (1.25-3.49 times)> abamectin (0.19-0.64 times). Among the 4 populations in Yuxi, except the Hongta District population, the other three were all resistant to pirimicarb, deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos. In the prevention and control of vegetable Myzus persicae (Sulzer), chlorpyrifos, abamectin, pymetrozine and imidacloprid should be applied in turn with appropriate levels, and the use of pirimicarb and deltamethrin should be stopped.

  Study on Occurrence of Carposina niponensis in Orchards 2015, 5 (11):  36-39.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15030014 Abstract + ( 1062 )   PDF ( 1276KB )   ( 902 ) In order to master activities of Carposina niponensis and provide theoretical basis for effective forecast and prevention, the occurrence of Carposina niponensis in orchards were studied by the method of sex attractant trapping. The results showed that Carposina niponensis had 2 or 3 generations per year in orchards, the amount of adult peak occurred in July 20th, with generation overlapping. The distribution of adults had no significant difference at 1.0-2.0 m height of the apple tree. In the application of sex attractant for the adults, according to the principle of easy to operate, sex attractants were randomly arranged at 1.0-2.0 m height of the apple tree, but it did not affect the trapping effect. The adults mainly acted in 22:00 to 6:00 of the next morning, whose activities were the most frequent and active in 0:00 to 2:00. The occurrence of Carposina niponensis in orchards were further understood to provide theoretical basis for more effective treatment.

  Study on Buffering Action of Several Soil Types on Alkali and Its Influencing Factors 2015, 5 (11):  40-43.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15010036 Abstract + ( 1073 )   PDF ( 1190KB )   ( 915 ) In order to investigate the alkali buffering action of several soil types, the author adopted the potentiometric method, and preliminarily studied buffering and influencing factors. The results showed that: buffering capacity to alkali of different soil types followed the order of yellow brown soil＞ paddy soil＞ Shajiang black soil＞ moisture soil. The buffering capacity of different fertility Shajiang black soil and paddy soil followed the order of high fertility＞ middle fertility＞ low fertility. The buffering capacity of different soil organic matter contents followed the order of high content of organic matter＞ middle content of organic matter＞CK. The buffering capacity of the same soil type was proportional to soil fertility and the content of organic matter.

  Effect of Flue Gas Desulphurization Gypsum on Soil and Plant 2015, 5 (11):  44-48.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15030002 Abstract + ( 1203 )   PDF ( 1231KB )   ( 1132 ) Coal combustion produces carbon dioxides, SOx, NOx and a variety of byproducts such as coal ash, flue gas, precipitate and so on. Flue gas desulphurization gypsum used calcium-based material as absorbent, fixed SO2 in the form of calcium sulphate, eventually produced a kind of flue gas desulfurization byproducts. Flue gas desulphurization gypsum could affect the physicochemical characteristics of soil and plant because it had rich essential elements, especially B and S, so flue gas desulphurization gypsum had wide application in agriculture. The author summarized the characteristics of flue gas desulphurization gypsum and its effects on environment, especially the application in saline soil improvement. Flue gas desulphurization gypsum, which is an effective and safe soil conditioner in agricultural production, has been verified by a lot of field experiments, but the biological process and interaction of lack and excessive application of flue gas desulphurization gypsum need further research.

  The Application of Near-infrared Reflection Spectra Analysis to Soil Fertilizer Science and Its Development Direction 2015, 5 (11):  49-52.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15050021 Abstract + ( 1070 )   PDF ( 1129KB )   ( 1286 ) The near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-destructive and fast detection technology which enables simultaneous multi-group analysis. In this paper, the detection principle of NIRS was analyzed at the technical level, and then the author discussed the application of NIRS to soil and fertilizer science in recent years, in order to study its development direction. With the continuous development and maturity of NIRS technology, and the expansion of its application spectrum, the research and development of NIRS will go deep. The study will provide certain references for the application of NIRS in related fields.

  Change Characteristics of Climate Growing Period in Western Guanzhong Shaanxi in Recent 50 Years 2015, 5 (11):  53-57.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15030001 Abstract + ( 1072 )   PDF ( 1559KB )   ( 840 ) The paper aims to study the change law of climate growing period in western Guanzhong under the background of global climate warming. The author used modern climate variation theory and mathematical statistics to analyze the data of daily average temperature from 11 stations in Baoji City between 1961 and 2010. The results showed that in the recent 50 years, there was a significant increase of climate growing period that had daily average temperature more than 0℃ and more than 10℃. Growing period had the most obvious rising trend during 1981-2010. Particularly, it had the longest period in 2007. Weihe River Area had the longest climate growing period, while that of Yuan Area and Qianhe Valley had the most remarkable growing trend. What’s more, there was a longer growing period in the northern mountainous area than that in the south. The growing period in western Guanzhong increased rapidly in the recent 50 years, so that both the farming season and the crop growing time extended, which were good for yield increase.

  Establishment of Evaluation Index System of Ecological Security in the Northwest of Shanxi Province 史静珮 and 苏志珠 2015, 5 (11):  58-62.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15050019 Abstract + ( 1098 )   PDF ( 1260KB )   ( 838 ) Land ecological security assessment is a hot issue of Land Use/Cover Change (LUCC). Firstly, the authors reviewed different interpretations of the concept of ecological security, and put forward the concept and theoretical system of ecological security and land ecological security through studying of relevant literatures. Then, the authors took the northwest of Shanxi Province as an example, and combined with regional land use change characteristic, established a regional land ecological security evaluation index system with 20 indexes from three aspects including natural selection, social economy and ecological system. Finally, the authors listed some problems in the research of ecological security of land, and made an outlook on the future development of the evaluation index system of land ecological security.

  Efficient Mode and Integrated Cultivation of Winter Intercropping in Mulberry Field in Nantong 2015, 5 (11):  63-68.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15020007 Abstract + ( 1231 )   PDF ( 1234KB )   ( 901 ) The study of winter intercropping in mulberry field was carried out on the synthetical development and utilization of mulberry field. 20 kinds of modes which were suitable for winter intercropping in mulberry field were studied. The 20 kinds of modes included 3 types (product raise type, mulberry field fertilizer type, agriculture and animal husbandry combination type), and 4 classes (intercropping vegetables class, intercropping strawberry class, interplanting green manure class and intercropping forage class). We selected suitable varieties and updated technologies for the main mode. We adopted key technologies including good quality and high yield, convenience and efficiency, comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests and promoted standardized management for winter intercropping in mulberry field. We also studied and established the advantage areas based on the market targets including saline processed vegetables, quickfreezing vegetables, supermarket fruits and vegetables, and those used as forage grass and for enriching the content of green manure of livestock and poultry. Through the above work, we promoted the sustainable development of leading industries including Nantong silkworm breeding, vegetables, etc. The results could guide the synthetical development and utilization of mulberry field in Jiangsu Province and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

  Study on the New Water Saving Technique in Closed Pipeline Culture of Tomato 2015, 5 (11):  69-72.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0667 Abstract + ( 1179 )   PDF ( 1296KB )   ( 865 ) In order to study the effects on tomato cultivation mode quality, yield and fertilizer use efficiency of new fully enclosed pipeline, with‘Ou Guan’tomato as test material, we studied the effects of the closed pipeline soil cultivation and drip irrigation cultivation of two modes on tomato plant growth, fruit quality and yield, water consumption and water use efficiency and other aspects. The results showed that closed pipeline not only promoted the tomato plant height, stem diameter, but also improved the tomato soluble sugar, vitamin C and sugar-acid ratio, improved tomato fruit flavor and increased production. In tomato fruit yield monitor, yield of closed pipeline soil culture cultivation mode was 15.0% higher than that of drip irrigation, water consumption reduced accordingly 764.0 m3/hm2, water use efficiency was improved by 49.3%.

  The Relationship Between Leaf Color in Autumn and Physiological Changes of Pyrus calleryana Decne 2015, 5 (11):  73-78.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15010037 Abstract + ( 1055 )   PDF ( 1403KB )   ( 758 ) The paper aims to study physiological changes during leaf color change in Pyrus calleryana Decne, and found the relationship between leaf color and physiological changes and the mechanism of color change. Determined by UV spectrophotometer and portable chromatic meter, soluble sugar, anthocyanin, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, leaf color parameters of lightness △L and hue parameters △a and △b were tested in Pyrus calleryana Decne during leaf color change. Anthocyanin generally rose during leaf color change, while chlorophyll and carotenoid content gradually reduced; the soluble sugar content was higher and stable. Chlorophyll was correlated with anthocyanin contents. There was significantly negative correlation between carotenoid and anthocyanin contents in the leaves of‘Capital’and‘Red Spire’, while‘Aristocrat’and‘New Bradford’were not significantly correlated. Soluble sugar contents of four varieties were not correlated with anthocyanin. The correlation between △a values and anthocyanin contents was significantly positive, but △a values had a significantly negative correlation with chlorophyll. There was significantly negative correlation between △a values and carotenoid in‘Capital’and‘Red Spire’. △L value of‘Capital’was significantly and negatively correlated to anthocyanin, but △L values of others were irrelevant with chlorophyll and anthocyanin. The △b values were not significantly correlated with chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanidin contents. The leaf color of Pyrus calleryana Decne was mostly affected by chlorophyll and anthocyanin, carotenoid was not the main pigment, soluble sugar was good for leaf color maintenance.

  Behavior Analysis of Visitors of Different Ages in Neighborhood Parks of Daejeon, Korea 李时荣 2015, 5 (11):  79-84.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15070021 Abstract + ( 1106 )   PDF ( 1388KB )   ( 953 ) To investigate utilization of neighborhood parks and visitors’behaviors in them in Korea, traits of 1180 visitors were observed and recorded in six neighborhood parks in Daejeon, Korea from 2013 to 2014. Data of six visitor traits including sex, age, group type, body posture, behavior and spatial type were analyzed by usingχ 2 test and other statistical methods. The results showed that body postures of visitors of different ages and different spatial types showed the same trend which main body postures were moving, sitting and standing. Visitor behaviors could be classified into seven categories, and walking had the highest frequency (0.33), frequency of other six types of behaviors including exercising and entertaining using facilities, looking around, chatting, having a picnic, playing croquet ranged from 0.05 to 0.1. This result demonstrated that spaces with higher using frequencies were forest and square. It indicated that more humanistic space should be created to meet various needs of the crowd in open spaces. Because spaces in the neighborhood parks were monotonous, the results suggested that the space of sparse woods in the edge of forest and active space should be increased in order to meet the needs of the elderly and children. It was found that frequencies of middle-aged people (0.31) and the elders (0.28) were higher in the neighborhood parks, followed by children (0.18) and youth (0.18), and frequency of juveniles was the least (0.06). So it was suggested to increase the active spaces to attract juveniles. It is important to pay more attention for creation of inclusive spaces and attachment places in the future designs and reconstructions of neighborhood parks.

  Effect of Different Sizes of Burley Tobacco Barn on the Temperature and Humidity During the Tobacco Curing YANG Xing-you and 2015, 5 (11):  85-90.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0816 Abstract + ( 969 )   PDF ( 1332KB )   ( 784 ) In order to clarify different parameters of burley movable barn, barns with different bottom layer heights, arch heights, lengths and width ratios and layers were designed and built, the temperature and humidity in the barns during tobacco curing were analyzed and compared. The results showed that it was appropriate to design the barn with bottom layer height of 2.1 m and barn top arch height of 1.0 m. Effects of different sizes and length width ratios of barn on temperature and humidity were not obvious, but the square barn design was stable, the average temperature in monolayer barn was lower than that in double-layer barn while the average relative humidity was higher. The movable barn designed as monolayer or double-layer was suitable.

  Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of Chalcone Synthase Gene in Rosa rugosa 2015, 5 (11):  91-96.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15010042 Abstract + ( 1083 )   PDF ( 1680KB )   ( 862 ) The purpose of this study was to clone the chalcone synthase gene from Rosa rugosa and conduct bioinformatics analysis of the gene related information, and to lay a good foundation for changing Rosa rugosa’s color and breeding new varieties by genetic engineering. In this work, a full- length cDNA sequence of chalcone synthase (CHS) gene was obtained from petals of Rosa rugosa‘Tanghong’using RT-PCR and RACE. With the bioinformatics analysis, the cloned CHS gene was 1416 bp in full length, containing 1167 bp opening reading frame (ORF), which encoded 389 amino acids, the predicted CHS protein’s molecular formula was C1899H3043N505O562S18, whose relative molecular mass was 42.518 kDa and isoelectric point was 6.12. The CHS protein’s instability index was computed to be 37.45, which classified the protein as stable. And The CHS protein had no signal peptide and splice site. Characteristic prediction results indicated that the secondary structure of CHS protein mainly included 42.16%α -helix, 29.05% random coil, 10.54%β -sheet and 18.25% extended chain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the cloned CHS gene shared the closest homology with the CHS from Rosa chinensis and Fragaria×ananassa, and had farther homology with other plants. The CHS gene was cloned for the first time, this study obtained its bioinformatics information, proved the importance of CHS gene in flavonoids biosynthesis, provided a theoretical basis for improving Rosa rugosa’s color.

  Flavor Components Analysis of Magnolia Flower at Seven Blossom Stages Based on the Nonpolar Solvent Extraction 2015, 5 (11):  97-102.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15030012 Abstract + ( 1156 )   PDF ( 3878KB )   ( 789 ) The aim was to ascertain the flavor components of Magnolia flower tapel at seven blossom stages with nonpolar solvent (n-hexane) extraction, in order to provide a reference for industrialize utilization. Nhexane was used to extract the flavor components in this work and the components were detected with GC-MS, and qualitative validation of compounds was carried out with the retention index and NIST spectrum library. The experimental results showed that 64 kinds of compounds were detected and 19 were the same compounds, and the highest concentration compound was linalool, its content was 15.64%-47.26%. The largest number of compounds belonged to alkanes and followed by esters, while alcohol had the highest content level, accounting for 40.00%-55.49% of the total compound content. The change of compound content level of blossom process was consistent with alcohols.

  Integration System of Agriculture Information Resources Based on Internet Text 赵龙 and 胡慧 2015, 5 (11):  103-108.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2013-xb0134 Abstract + ( 1042 )   PDF ( 1757KB )   ( 863 ) The integration of agriculture network resources is a mammoth task, which can benefit the nation and the people. The network is composed of different resources, including text, image, audio, video and other forms. How to extract the useful information on agriculture from the network is the foremost issue we should deal with. In this study, we proposed a design for integrating information resources of agriculture text. The design consisted of different modules such as collection and management, filter management, rule management and information gathering management, for integrating agriculture resources and providing easy accessible information.

  Climatic Characteristics of Apple Blossom Freezing Injury in Luochuan and Feasibility of Artificial Frost Prevention 2015, 5 (11):  109-112.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15010031 Abstract + ( 1206 )   PDF ( 1241KB )   ( 927 ) The study aims to scientifically understand the effect of freezing injury on apple in Luochuan, reduce the loss of florescence due to freezing injury, and improve the planting benefit. Based on the climate data (1955- 2014) in Luochuan County, the author analyzed the climate characteristics of apple blossom freezing injury and discussed the adopted frost prevention measures, and compared apple blossom freezing injury indexes. The results showed that the freezing injury occurred basically once in 3 years, and serious disaster occurred once in 7 to 8 years from 1955 to 2014 in Luochuan County. The emergence time mainly concentrated in April 6 to 18, making up 93% of the total times, mainly influenced flower bud. Light freezing accounted for around 2/3 of the total freezing occurrence number. Since 2000, due to climate warming, the occurrence of freezing weather increased, the large scale of temperature drop and early flowering resulted in heavy losses. Therefore, single frost prevention method could be used to prevent freeze injury in light freezing weather process, while comprehensive measures should be taken in the occurrence of serious freezing injury because complex weather condition might lower the prevention effect.

  Analysis of Microclimate in Sunlight Greenhouse in Winter in Panjin 2015, 5 (11):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas14110002 Abstract + ( 1153 )   PDF ( 1347KB )   ( 874 ) To enhance the service of agricultural facilities, the variation law of the microclimate in winter Msunlight greenhouse in Panjin Delta was analyzed. The results showed that daily temperature in sunlight greenhouse varied similarly each month under different weather conditions, showing a‘single peak’curve. In the sunlight greenhouse, the relative humidity in sunny and cloudy weather during the day was higher than that at night, while in overcast and rainy or snowy weather the relative humidity varied relatively steadily. The maximum of total radiation in sunlight greenhouse under different weather conditions in winter appeared monthly different. Whether there was a straw matting coating the greenhouse had a great impact on the value of the total radiation inside the sunlight greenhouse.

  The Grievous Famine in Shandong Province in 1927 2015, 5 (11):  118-125.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15050018 Abstract + ( 1008 )   PDF ( 6693KB )   ( 624 ) Various natural disasters occurred in Shandong Province in modern times. Among them, the famine occurred in 1927 was the most serious one, and brought huge damage to life and property of the local people. At that time, the strength of the country was weak and the nation was faced with difficulties. Warlords were dividing the country. The devastation of agricultural famine in Shandong Province brought to the local people were summarized to understand the famine deeply. Then the author summed up the relief activities and pointed out that those activities were very difficult to be performed well, and the basic political goals during the famine, including saving lives, protecting productive forces and restoring the social economy, could not be fulfilled. At last, painful lesson was summed up to remind people this history.

  Research on‘Beauty Index’to Evaluate Rural Landscape 2015, 5 (11):  126-129.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0421 Abstract + ( 1099 )   PDF ( 1121KB )   ( 895 ) The beautiful rural construction is important for beautiful China construction and to improve rural people daily life. Many papers have discussed the content of beautiful rural construction, but few articles talked about the evaluation of beautiful degree of rural, let alone the methods to evaluate it. Therefore in different regions people could not implement comparing among various villages. The article put forward a conception called beauty index to reflect the beauty of rural, contained five indicators which were village planning, sanitation, greening, economic development, cultural construction, adopting Delphy law, Nemero index evaluation method work out numerical beautiful of rural which could reflect rural beautiful degree. It is helpful to push forward beautiful country construction.

  Technical Service System of Organic Agriculture Industry in Developed Countries and Its Enlightenment to China 2015, 5 (11):  130-135.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15030015 Abstract + ( 1219 )   PDF ( 1246KB )   ( 986 ) To promote the development of environment-friendly organic agriculture industry, organic industry technical service system in developed countries were compared from different aspects such as organic agriculture research institutions, industry associations and consulting firms. Development process and achievements of organic industry technical service system in developed countries were analyzed in order to point out problems of organic industry technical service system in China. The problems included the lack of development, communication and financial support of technical service organization, and information of service system need to be strengthened. Finally enlightenments were summed up from the aspects of technology, services and security for the future development of China’s organic industry technical service system.

  Exploration of Paperless Work Mode in the Award of Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements 2015, 5 (11):  136-140.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15060019 Abstract + ( 1075 )   PDF ( 1522KB )   ( 884 ) With the development of information technology, paperless office system has drawn more attention. Under this background, the authors proposed the idea of implementing the highly informative paperless work mode in the award of agricultural science and technology achievements, and expounded the significance of paperless work mode in the award of scientific and technology achievements. At last, the authors analyzed the problems that might be faced in the implementation of paperless work mode and put forward the corresponding suggestions. This paper could provide reference for those units which would reform the traditional way of working.