Abstract: In order to screen out the low fiber soluble sugar content upland cotton genetic resources and reveal the rules of fiber soluble sugar content in different locules cotton, the fiber soluble sugar content of 3-5 locules cotton of 89 upland cotton varieties was studied by the method of vitriol anthrone colorimetry, 7 low sugar materials (1.01 -2 mg/g) were screened out, which account for 7.87% of all the varieties. The fiber soluble sugar contents in the varieties from different regions were different, and followed the order of Jiangsu ＞Anhui ＞ Hebei ＞ Xinjiang ＞ Sichuan ＞ Hubei ＞ Shanxi ＞ Shandong ＞ Henan. The fiber soluble sugar content of 4 locules cotton was higher than that of 5 locules cotton in Hebei and Shanxi, while the varieties from other regions all showed the opposite rule. The fiber soluble sugar content of Chinese cotton varieties was higher than that of foreign varieties. The results of the comparison among different variety series showed that the fiber soluble sugar content of Xinjiang upland cotton series was higher than that of Zhongmiansuo series, hybrid cotton series was higher than that of routine cotton series, middle and late maturing series was higher than that of early maturing series. The comparison of 3 locules cotton of 13 varieties showed that the fiber soluble sugar content in‘Yahuang 9103’and‘Zhong- 190’was relatively low, which was significantly different from other varieties. The analysis of the 7 varieties with special botanical characters showed that 5 locules cotton had larger bell weight, single bell had bigger seed number and seed index, and lint yield rate and lint yield per seed were low, but its influence on cotton fiber quality was not significant.