Abstract: To provide a theoretical basis for efficient production and optimized fertilization of red kidney beans, the authors studied the effects of different NPK rates on dry-matter accumulation and translocation and yield relevant factors of red kidney beans by“3414”field fertilizer experiments. The results showed that: the dynamic accumulation of dry matter of red kidney beans during the whole growth period presented a trend of “slow- quick- slow”; the dry matter accumulation was mainly increased by nitrogen fertilizer during the vegetative growth stage, whereas by potash fertilizer during the reproductive phase, promoting the dry matter from nutritive organ to transfer to reproductive organ; the relatively high dry matter translocation rate from various vegetative organs was one of the important factors to high yield formation; deficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus greatly affected the translocation rate and the contribution rate of the dry matter from the stems to grains; the translocation rates of the dry matter from the leaves, stems or beanpod skin to grains presented a highly consistent trend; nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers showed different effects on yield factors; nitrogen fertilizer increased the number of pods and seeds per pod, and phosphorus and potash fertilizers increased 100-grain weight of red kidney beans. Multi-regression analysis showed that the optimum NPK rate was 132.03 kg/hm2 ofnitrogen, 160.02 kg/hm2 ofP2O5, 104.80 kg/hm2 of K2O, by which the maximum yield of red kidney beans was 2627.26 kg/hm2.