Current issue

• 2017 Vol.7 No.1 Published:06 February 2017

  Adaptability of America Introduced New Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties in Heilongjiang Tobacco-growing Area 郭振楠,李莞晴,孙德军,赫英宇,韩世杰 and 邱恩建 2017, 7 (1):  .  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16060014 Abstract + ( 739 )   PDF ( 1221KB )   ( 782 ) The aim is to explore the ecological adaptability of several varieties of flue- cured tobacco in Heilongjiang and to select new flue- cured tobacco varieties suitable for Heilongjiang flue- cured tobacco growing areas. A variety comparison experiment was conducted on‘Yatas13’,‘Yatas14’,‘Yatas15’, ‘Yatas16’,‘Yatas17’and‘Yatas18’, which were introduced from America, using‘NC89’as the control. The results showed that‘Yatas14’exhibited strong growth, the highest economic benefit, and high disease resistance. The yield and production value of‘Yatas13’,‘Yatas15’and‘Yatas17’were better than that of the control, but the field disease occurrence of PVY and TMV was more serious than that of the control‘NC89’. ‘Yatas16’and‘Yatas18’had worse yield and output value in comparing with the control.‘Yatas14’showed better comprehensive characters, and adapted to the ecological conditions of Heilongjiang, the variety should be further demonstrated in Heilongjiang flue-cured tobacco growing areas. ‘Yatas16’and‘Yatas18’were suggested to be eliminated.

  Research Progress of Seedling-raising Substrate for Machine-transplanted Rice Seedling 2017, 7 (1):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16080009 Abstract + ( 1287 )   PDF ( 1072KB )   ( 1741 ) Seedling raised in substrate is the key technology of machine-transplanted rice seedling, which has a direct relation to rice quality and yield. In order to provide reference for improving the rice transplant, we review the status-quo, advantages and types of seedling raised in substrate, sum up common substrate formulas in the market, and clarify physical properties, chemical properties and biological traits of the substrates. We also point out the problems of seedling raised in substrate, and discuss the application of the technology in future agricultural production.

  Characteristics Comparison of Dry Matter in Various Organs Between Hybrid and Conventional Millet 王振华,李会霞,田岗,王玉文,王晓宇 and 王国梁 2017, 7 (1):  5-11.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16060011 Abstract + ( 1304 )   PDF ( 1299KB )   ( 768 ) To analyze the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and distribution between hybrid millet varieties and conventional millet varieties and provide theoretical basis for millet hybrid breeding and utilization, in 2015, the authors studied the characteristics of dry matter in different millet organs of 5 hybrid test millet varieties and 5 conventional test millet varieties in experimental plot of Millet Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The randomized block design was adopted in the test. The weights of dry matter in different organs during different growth stages of millet were measured, and the characteristics were compared. Results showed that trends of the ratio of dry matter accumulation and moisture content of hybrid millet and conventional millet were basically the same in different periods, and dry matter content increased as the extension of the growth. The ratio of sheath was high in yellow ripening stage. The rate of dry matter accumulation of hybrid and conventional millet varieties showed a "slow-fast-slow" model, by which hybrid varieties had certain advantages over conventional varieties in economic output. The peak of all types of dry matter accumulation rate was in full heading stage. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation characteristics and moisture content rate of the hybrid and conventional varieties were the same, but hybrid vigor could be seen in millet but not obvious in terms of its overall performance.

  Cotton Variety Breeding With Fusarium Wilt and Verticillium Wilt Resistance 2017, 7 (1):  12-18.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16070026 Abstract + ( 1319 )   PDF ( 1245KB )   ( 792 ) To solve the serious problem of Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt disease in cotton production, the varieties with rich genetic diversity and good comprehensive characters were selected as the female parent and the different resources with complementary properties were selected to cross with the female parent in every generation to improve the defect of the female parent. During the whole breeding progress, sister crossing was applied to increase the good genes accumulation rate and recombination rate. In the serious Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt disease nursery, the selection of high-yield was carried out. Through the identification of disease resistance in whole breeding progress, plants with low disease level and incidence were selected; according to the cotton quality supervision standard of MOA test center, the cotton variety was selected by national variety certification level; high- yield, high fiber quality cotton varieties with Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt resistance were bred such as‘Jimian616’and‘Jimian315’

  Yield Loss and Control Index of Maize Dwarf Disease 2017, 7 (1):  19-26.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16070015 Abstract + ( 1574 )   PDF ( 1528KB )   ( 743 ) To define the relationship between the severity of maize dwarf disease and yield loss, experiments were conducted in Lin’an City and Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province, during 2011～2013. The disease incidence, damage and yield losses were assessed on the widely-grown maize varieties Jundan 20 and Jundan 18. Compared with healthy maize plants, infected plants had lower height, shorter internodes and fruiting ears, narrower and shorter leaves, fewer filled grains and lower grain weight. The plants with disease grades 1～4 decreased by 28.8%～81.3% in biomass and by 32.3%～98.9% in grain yield per ear. Yield losses (1.03%~32.13%) were significantly correlated with disease incidence (2.31%~39.44%). The formula for reflection of the relationship between damage and yield loss was developed by regression analysis. The economic threshold was calculated and the index was set for the disease control on the basis of the current conditions and economic benefits of maize production.

  Control Effects of Two Herbicides on Gramineae Weeds in Flax Field and Herbicide Residue Determination in Linseed 2017, 7 (1):  27-31.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16040017 Abstract + ( 1420 )   PDF ( 1231KB )   ( 833 ) The study aims to investigate the best spraying dosage in flax field and the residual amount in linseed of 108 g/L haloxyfop-R-methyl EC and 10% quizalofop-p-ethyl EC. An experiment was conducted to clarify the control effects of two herbicides on Gramineae weeds in flax field and determine herbicides’residue in linseed by stem and leaf treatment, GC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that the two herbicides were safe and had good control effect on Gramineae weeds in flax field, and could increase the flax yield significantly. Their plant control effects were 94.34% and 93.34% , the fresh weight control effects were 95.26% and 94.85%, and the yield-increase rates of the flax were 92.50% and 91.48% when effective dosage of the two herbicides were 145.8 g/hm2 and 90 g/hm2, respectively. Residual contents of herbicides were in accordance with the maximum residue limits of edible vegetable oil, the residue amount of the two herbicides were 0.10 mg/kg and 0 mg/kg in linseed respectively.

  Medium Optimization Analysis of Biocontrol Bacteria Burkholderia contaminans B-1 Against Fruit Postharvest Grey Mould 孙常青 and 李静 2017, 7 (1):  32-38.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16060005 Abstract + ( 821 )   PDF ( 1411KB )   ( 748 ) This objective was to discover the culture medium formulation of Burkholderia contaminans with the biggest biomass yield under shake flask conditions. In this experiment, we used the multi-factor quadratic general rotary unitized design method to study the effects of varied carbon sources, nitrogen sources and inorganic salt types & concentrations on strain growth, and finally determined the proper formulation. The optimal medium formulation was as follows: malt powder 2.11%, yeast extract 1.90%, KH2PO4 0.05% and MnSO4 0.05% . It had been proved that the biomass of B. contaminans reached the maximum under this condition and showed better optimization effects by further detection. This optimization analysis will pave the way for establishing high yield fermentation process of B. contaminans, and facilitate its application in afterharvest biocontrol of fruits and vegetables, and industrialized development as well.

  NPK Rates and Red Kidney Beans: The Effects on Dry-matter Accumulation and Translocation and Yield Relevant Factors 2017, 7 (1):  39-45.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16070020 Abstract + ( 1031 )   PDF ( 1365KB )   ( 976 ) To provide a theoretical basis for efficient production and optimized fertilization of red kidney beans, the authors studied the effects of different NPK rates on dry-matter accumulation and translocation and yield relevant factors of red kidney beans by“3414”field fertilizer experiments. The results showed that: the dynamic accumulation of dry matter of red kidney beans during the whole growth period presented a trend of “slow- quick- slow”; the dry matter accumulation was mainly increased by nitrogen fertilizer during the vegetative growth stage, whereas by potash fertilizer during the reproductive phase, promoting the dry matter from nutritive organ to transfer to reproductive organ; the relatively high dry matter translocation rate from various vegetative organs was one of the important factors to high yield formation; deficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus greatly affected the translocation rate and the contribution rate of the dry matter from the stems to grains; the translocation rates of the dry matter from the leaves, stems or beanpod skin to grains presented a highly consistent trend; nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers showed different effects on yield factors; nitrogen fertilizer increased the number of pods and seeds per pod, and phosphorus and potash fertilizers increased 100-grain weight of red kidney beans. Multi-regression analysis showed that the optimum NPK rate was 132.03 kg/hm2 ofnitrogen, 160.02 kg/hm2 ofP2O5, 104.80 kg/hm2 of K2O, by which the maximum yield of red kidney beans was 2627.26 kg/hm2.

  Effect of Microbial Fertilizer on Agronomic and Economic Characters of Tobacco in Seedbed 2017, 7 (1):  52-56.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16060022 Abstract + ( 928 )   PDF ( 1168KB )   ( 731 ) As an important mean of biological control, microbial fertilizer is widely used in crop production. Tobacco seedling substrate environment is relatively simple, stable and controllable, which is beneficial to the colonization of microbes and the function of microbial fertilizer. In order to provide scientific basis and reference for the application of microbial fertilizer on tobacco, the study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two microbial fertilizers, Effective Microorganisms (EM) and Bacillus mucilaginosus, with different application rates (5%, 10% and 15%) and their combination on two tobacco varieties of‘Honghuadajinyuan’and‘Yunyan 85’. The results showed that adding different dosages of microbial fertilizer to tobacco seedbed improved the agronomic characters of the two tobacco varieties in maturity period, especially in the increase of plant height, distance between leaves, stem girth and leaf area index, which also improved the economic characters in yield, output value and the proportion of superior tobacco, especially in the improvement of the proportion of superior tobacco and output value. Overall,‘Honghuadajinyuan’added 15% EM microbial fertilizer or Bacillus mucilaginosus fertilizer, or‘Yunyan85’added 10% EM microbial fertilizer or Bacillus mucilaginosus fertilizer could gain better growth- promoting effects, and were recommended for popularization and application in production.

  Fermented Jerusalem Artichoke Straw Affecting the Growth and Development of Tomato 赵孟良 and 武占会 2017, 7 (1):  63-68.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16030008 Abstract + ( 886 )   PDF ( 1211KB )   ( 640 ) To find a partial substitution of peat moss for soilless cultivation, mixing fermented straw of Jerusalem artichoke (FSJA) with peat moss is a technical solution. In this study, the effects of compound substrates with different proportions of FSJA on the growth and development of tomato were detected to select the optimum proportion of FSJA. In the control group (CK), peat moss: vermiculite=2:1; 5 treatments were set with the proportions of FSJA being 20% (T1)、40% (T2)、60% (T3)、80% (T4) and 100% (T5). Physicochemical properties of the compound substrates were tested and cultivation experiments were conducted. The results showed that higher proportion of FSJA resulted in larger water- holding capacity, total porosity, aeration porosity and void ratio, and lower water-holding porosity. Plant height of T2 increased by 14.18% and 22.39% compared with that of T5 and CK, respectively. VC contents of tomato fruit in the 5 treatments were all higher than that of CK, and VC content of T5 was 12.07% higher than that of CK. The content of soluble sugar first increased and then decreased with the increasing proportion of FSJA, and soluble sugar content of T3, which was the highest among the treatments, was 45.10% higher than that of CK. Soluble solid content of T3 was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and soluble solid content of T1 was the lowest. Yield per plant of T1 was the highest in all the treatments, and was 23.16% higher than that of CK, while T5 was 37.71% lower than that of CK. The results indicated that a certain percentage of FSJA could enhance the physicochemical properties of compound substrate and improve growth and development of tomato, 20%-40% volume proportion of FSJA was suitable for tomato cultivation.

  Pollination and Seed Aseptic Germinationin of Cymbidium goeringii 张林,李承秀,王长宪,高红 and 边晓惠 2017, 7 (1):  69-72.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16020002 Abstract + ( 718 )   PDF ( 1214KB )   ( 982 ) In order to improve pollination fruit- set rate, shorten seed germination time and improve seed germination rate of Cymbidium goeringii varieties, the authors studied the pollination time, fruit-set rate, seed aseptic germination of self-bred and hybridized Cymbidium goeringii varieties. The optimal pollination time was 2 to 5 days after flower blooming. Fruit-set rate of self-bred varieties was only 33.3%, and fruit-set rate of hybridized varieties reached 100%. The fruit vertical and horizontal diameter growth showed“S”shape curve. Mature seed germination time was 281-296 days, but the germination time of non-mature seed growing 130 days after pollination was the shortest, only 96-99 days, and the germination rate was the highest. The suitable time of capsules harvested was about 130 days after pollination. This test method would cut the time from pollination to seed germination by 8 months, increase germination rate, save the cost, and improve the efficiency.

  Screening Carbon and Nitrogen Source for Liquid Culture of Hypsizigus marmoreus 2017, 7 (1):  73-76.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100018 Abstract + ( 668 )   PDF ( 1209KB )   ( 1182 ) In order to select the best carbon and nitrogen source, the effects of 5 carbon sources and 5 nitrogen sources on Hypsizigus marmoreus in liquid culture were studied. Mycelia biomass, the density of mycelial, mycelia germination and the growth speed of mycelium were investigated. The results showed that Hypsizigus marmoreus had abundant biomass, high density, fast germination time and growth speed in starch and yeast powder solution. The optimum carbon source was starch, and the optimum nitrogen source was yeast powder.

  Somatic Cell Count and Its Correlations with Other Milk Components of Zhongdian Cattle-yak 王安奎 2017, 7 (1):  77-83.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16080021 Abstract + ( 874 )   PDF ( 1267KB )   ( 835 ) The range of somatic cell count (SCC) and the correlations between SCC and other milk components were discussed in this paper, so as to provide a reference for making the normal ranges of physical and chemical indexes of milk from Zhongdian cattle-yak. 92 milk samples were collected, 8 indexes including cattle-yak milk, such as milk fat, lactoprotein, lactose, SCC, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), milk freezing point (MFP), etc. were determined, and Pearson correlation between SCC and other milk components were analyzed. The results showed that the average contents of milk fat, lactoprotein, lactose, total solids and nonfat solids were 6.24%, 4.23%, 4.91%, 18.01% and 10.59%, respectively. It indicated that main nutritional components were high in milk of Zhongdian cattle-yak. The average SCC was 80.12 thousand/mL, and the individuals with SCC≤500 thousand/mL, 500 thousand/mL 0.05), respectively. It showed that SCC had a strong influence on the main nutritional components of milk. Zhongdian cattle-yak had an average MFP of -0.587℃, indicating that its milk products had low MFP, which might relate to the fact that cattle-yak had formed a mechanism to adapt to high altitude and cold climate. The average MUN was 7.52 mg/dL in cattle-yak milk. It indicated that protein diet used to feed cattleyak was insufficient or with poor quality. This study obtained milk SCC range and its correlations with other physical and chemical indexes, providing important reference for the quality control of milk from Zhongdian cattle-yak.

  Identification and Structure Characteristics of Related Genes of Fus3/Kss1-MAPK Pathway from Curvularia lunata 2017, 7 (1):  84-90.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16030014 Abstract + ( 723 )   PDF ( 1378KB )   ( 975 ) The cascade pathway of Fus3/Kss1-MAPK in plant pathogenic fungi plays an important role in regulating appressorium development and pathogenicity. In order to investigate the role of Fus3/Kss1-MAPK cascade pathway in‘Curvularia lunata’, we used bioinformatics methods to identify the related gene of the Fus3/Kss1-MAPK cascade pathway from‘Curvularia lunata’in genome-wide and analyzed the molecular structure characteristics of Fus3/Kss1-MAPK related gene. The result showed that three protein kinases genes of Clf, Map2K, Clk1 and an ankyrin gene Clste50 were identified based on genome of‘Curvularia lunata’. The protein sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree construction showed that Clf, Map2k, Clk1 and Clste50 in ‘Curvularia lunata’all contained similar structural features and conservative domains with those of other plant pathogenic fungi, and had high homology and close phylogenetic relationships. The related protein kinases genes Clf, Map2K, Clk1 and an ankyrin gene Clste50 of the Fus3/Kss1- MAPK cascade pathway from ‘Curvularia lunata’were similar to the protein structures with other fungi. Those results may indicate that they have similar function in appressorium development and pathogenicity.

  Effect of Drought Stress on Leaf Relative Water Content and Soluble Sugar Content of 2-year-old Grafted Castanea Mollissima 徐扬,赵健,张雷 and 刘浦云 2017, 7 (1):  91-94.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16070002 Abstract + ( 887 )   PDF ( 1201KB )   ( 665 ) Different drought stress treatments were set up to find out the effect of drought stress on leaf water content and soluble sugar content, and provide scientific basis for the screening of suitable drought-resistant index of 2-year-old grafted castanea mollissima and find out the suitable castanea mollissima cultivars in Changping. The results showed that (1) leaf natural water content, saturation water content and relative water content were significantly decreased under severe stress treatment (P＜0.05), and there was no significant correlation between them and soil water content; (2) the content of soluble sugar increased with the increase of drought stress degree, the difference between CK and drought stress treatments was significant (P＜0.05).

  Safety Guarantee System of Rural Tourism Based on Periphery Theory 2017, 7 (1):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16080017 Abstract + ( 652 )   PDF ( 1245KB )   ( 663 ) The construction of safety guarantee system for rural tourism risk management is of great significance. First, based on the regional environmental risk system theory, the author analyzed rural tourism safety system and the interaction between its various elements; then, considering of the trigger working principle, the author established the formation mechanism model of rural tourism safety risk; and finally, using periphery theory, the author tried to construct rural tourism safety guarantee system which comprised safety guarantee periphery of rural tourism’s subject, rural tourism’s object and rural tourism’s medium safety. The results showed that rural tourism safety guarantee system was a multi-periphery organic combination, which provided new ideas and solutions to eliminate or reduce the risk of rural tourism, safeguard rural tourism security.