Abstract: To narrow the gap between urban and rural places and break the urban-rural dual economic and social structure, we discussed current status and recent development of the endowment insurance system in Beijing. Based on evolution of relevant policies and data analysis, the replacement rates and relative levels of three kinds of endowment insurance systems in Beijing were compared. The results showed that both the replacement rate and relative level of endowment insurance in government organizations and institutions were higher than those in enterprises for both low-income and high-income individuals. The gross replacement rate and net replacement rate of endowment insurance in government organizations and institutions were 90.00% and 91.17% respectively. Moreover, there were differences for individuals with different income levels in the three endowment security systems. According to the results, the leading role of government in the endowment insurance should be emphasized and replacement rate should be used as the effective index evaluating security level so as to realize equal security level in insurance system.