Abstract: The shelter forest for farmland is the important component for three largest ecological safety barriers of southern Xinjiang. In order to optimize the shelter forest system structure of southern Xinjiang and improve the biodiversity and ecological protection effect, the investigation was carried out against tree heights, chest height diameters, survival rates and accumulative growth amounts of two kinds of poplars (investigation materials of this investigation, namely, populus wutunensis introduced to Kashgar region of southern Xinjiang and populus bolleana, one native tree of Xinjiang) under different site conditions adopting the sample-plot survey. Results show that all average values of chest height diameters for populus wutunensis are higher than that of populus bolleana, and there is no significant difference between average tree height values for two kinds of poplars in 3 experimental places. Within three years after plantation, the tree heights and accumulative growth amounts for two kinds of poplars rise faster. After plantation for two years, the chest height diameter and accumulative growth amount of populus wutunensis are higher than that of populus bolleana. The survival rate of populus wutunensis can be still up to 37.37% at Jiashi County (salt content up to 0.76%), which is higher than that of populus bolleana; it shows that the salt-tolerance ability of populus wutunensis is stronger than that of populus bolleana, and the growth status of populus wutunensis is better than that of populus bolleana. This investigation provides practical basis for large-area promotion and cultivation of populus wutunensis at southern Xinjiang.