Current issue

• 2017 Vol.7 No.10 Published:23 October 2017

  Ecological Characteristics and Yield Structures of Hybrid Rice‘Ⅱyou 1259’ 2017, 7 (10):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16110026 Abstract + ( 1295 )   PDF ( 1221KB )   ( 719 ) The objective of the current study was to exploreSto the biological characteristic performances, such as yield, resistance identification, rice quality, agronomic traits and so on, and yield structure characteristics of ‘Ⅱyou 1259’. The correlation and path nanlysis were made on the yield structures of hybrid rice ‘Ⅱyou 1259’ based on its test results in middle rice. The experimental results and demonstration trails show that ‘Ⅱyou 1259’ is featured by high yield , wide adaptability,susceptible to rice blast In Fujian Province,high susceptible to rice blast in In the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River , and resistance to rice Seedling blast in Hainan Province. The analysis of yield structure indicates that the contribution of grain number per spike to yield amounts to 57.1%, while spike number per hectare, 1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate total 19.7%, 13.5% and 7.4% respectively; The contributions of spike number per hectare and grain number per spike to total grain number per hectare are 26.3% and 71.8% respectively. The contribution of total grain number per hectare to sink capacity is 95.2% while 1000-grain weight is 4.2%; the contribution of sink capacity to rice yield is 86.3% while seed-setting rate is 13.1%. The keys to high yield of ‘Ⅱyou 1259’ are to cultivate full and large spikes, increase total grain numbers per unit area, enlarge sink capacity.

  Factor-Cluster Analysis of Early-Maturity, High-Yield and High-Quality Traits of Gossypium barbadense L. Test Lines in South Xinjiang 2017, 7 (10):  6-13.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17050035 Abstract + ( 1273 )   PDF ( 1580KB )   ( 669 ) For reasonable disposal of Gossypium barbadense L. Production, comprehensive assessment ofSnewSvarieties (lines), promote, utilize, high-yield and high-effect cultivation, to provide useful reference for selections of early maturity, high yield and high-gualitySparent, Set goals for character improvement. This experiment mainly used 53Sreserve experimental varieties (lines) in 2013-2014 as materials, 20Straits of experimental materials were used for variability, correlation, factorSanalysis and cluster analysis. The results showed thatSfirst flower node, lint yield and elongation of Gossypium barbadense L. have the higherScoefficients variation, pre-frost yield, pre-frost lint cotton and uniformity Index were lower.SThe complex relationshipSexistSbetween the testSindexes. Principal component analysis indicated that the cumulative variance proportion during the first seven principalScomponents was 87.25%, could reflect the vast majority of trait information. The cluster analysis classify the 53 varieties (lines) into 4 Stypes. multivariateSanalysisSofSvariance and comprehensiveSassessment conducted on the foundation of cluster analysis, and improvement direction is presented. The result provides theoretical basis for parent selection in Gossypium barbadense L. Breeding.

  Southern Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Disease: The Epidemic Law and Control in Western Guangdong 2017, 7 (10):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17050003 Abstract + ( 1369 )   PDF ( 1181KB )   ( 684 ) Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is a kind of ruinous rice virus disease transmitted by the whitebacked planthopper. Basing on the occurrence and harm of SRBSDV in Huazhou district from 2009 to 2016, with recognization of the disease symptom and insect vector of SRBSDV, the essay analyzes that the severity of SRBSDV is related to vector numbers, viral source capacity, rice species, planting patterns, rice sowing period, seedling bed position and climate condition. The control strategy, which includes putting forward prevention and control technology, cutting off viral source, defending against insects, is proposed for comprehensive application. The synthetical preventing SRBSDV technical system which adapts to rice region in the western part of Guangdong province is implemented. The technical system is promoted and applied in production. With the measures above, the epidemic risks of SRBSDV can be prevented and controlled to obtain remarkable social and economic benefits.

  Stem Rot Disease of Sweet Potato: Prevention and Control Technology 2017, 7 (10):  19-24.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17040014 Abstract + ( 1533 )   PDF ( 1453KB )   ( 847 ) In order to effectively prevent and control sweet potato stem rot, during the five years from 2012 to 2016 much was done about sweet potato stem rot involving pathogenic bacteria identification, occurrence regularity investigation as well as prevention and control test. The results showed that Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Dickeya dadantii and Fusarium solani worked together to give rise to sweet potato stem rot in Taizhou area, and Fusarium solani was the main cause. It was also found that Fusarium solani appeared at the end of June or at the beginning of July and became more in August and September when it rained much, also more and more severe damage was caused to sweet potato, output decreasing over 50% or even no harvest. Such measures for cultivation as different cultivation, virus-free cuttings, plastic mulch and applying organic fertilizer failed to reduce the incidence rate and output losses, but postponing cutting period till the end of June could reduce the losses to a certain extent. Meanwhile, YA3008, a disease-resistant material, was found to increase output to 38542.5Skg/hm2 and 32.5％ amistar top SC , a chemical agent with control efficacy, was detected. Comprehensive results of the past five years’ tests showed the strategies for preventing and controlling sweet potato stem rot should be based on disease-resistant variety selection and application combining with agricultural control and chemical control measures.

  Alginic Acid Compound Fertilizer: Effects on Yield and Nutrient Absorption and Utilization of Summer Maize 2017, 7 (10):  25-29.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17050022 Abstract + ( 1252 )   PDF ( 1309KB )   ( 846 ) The study aims to confirm the yield-increasing effect of alginic acid compound fertilizer of summer maize. Taking‘Xundan 29’as the material, we conducted a field experiment by using mathematical statistics and comparison analysis method, to study the effect of alginic acid coated blend bulk fertilizer, average nutrients common blend bulk fertilizer, alginic acid coated compound fertilizer and average nutrients common compound fertilizer on yield, aboveground biomass, nutrient accumulation, SPAD of summer maize in Hebi and Xuchang. The results showed that the yield of summer maize increased significantly by 8.80%-15.41% and 21.21%-35.85% with the application of fertilizer in Hebi and Xuchang, respectively. Compared with average nutrients common blend bulk fertilizer, the alginic acid coated blend bulk fertilizer increased yield by 5.70% and 5.22%, respectively. Compared with average nutrients common compound fertilizer application, the yield under the application of alginic acid coated compound fertilizer increased significantly by 5.98% and 13.37%, respectively. Applying alginic acid compound fertilizer could improve chlorophyll content, 1000-grain weight, grain number of summer maize and promote nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient accumulation. The accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased by 3.76%- 17.03% , 6.29%- 27.14% and 3.70%-9.33% respectively. When fertilizer application was reduced by 20%, the difference on yield was not significant. Considering the summer maize yield, fertilizer inputs and environmental pressure, the application of alginic acid compound fertilization 600 kg/hm2 is recommended in north and central Henan.

  Effect of Different Fertilizer Ratios on Yield and Quality of Melon 2017, 7 (10):  30-33.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17050010 Abstract + ( 693 )   PDF ( 1225KB )   ( 643 ) To determine the scientific fertilization technology of melon, achieve high yield and good quality, a field experiment was conducted to study the influence of different fertilizer proportions on yield, SPAD, vitamin C (Vc), sugar and nutrient accumulation of melon. The results showed that the yield under the application of controlled release urea with potassium sulfate was the highest, which reached 102.69 t/hm2. Compared with the control group, the content of heart sugar and side sugar was 16.97% and 9.90%, respectively, increased by 35.54% and 33.78%; the content of Vc was 60.86 mg/kg, increased by 31.44%; the accumulation amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased by 26.86%, 35.54% and 27.76%, respectively. The treatment of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 600 kg/hm2 and controlled release urea (44%) 300 kg/hm2 used as basic fertilizer, and 300 kg/hm2 potassium sulfate as topdressing at fruit expansion period could promote the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and improve the yield and quality.

  Four Key Links in Green Ecological Tobacco Production: Research Progress 2017, 7 (10):  34-38.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17020005 Abstract + ( 782 )   PDF ( 1075KB )   ( 801 ) Green, ecological, safe and high quality tobacco development route is the only way to improve the core competitiveness of Chinese tobacco. A lot of research included fertilization and insect pest control has been done on the production of green ecological tobacco. However, there are fewer systematic studies on the production of green ecological tobacco. Aim at the present situation of the production of green tobacco, this paper mainly summarized the progress of four key links in the production of green ecological tobacco, including the layout of environmental advantages, organic fertilizer use, green prevention and control and cleaner production measures. The technical characteristics of four key links in the production of green ecological tobacco were analyzed and the existing problems were raised, moreover, the prospect of future development is put forward. The aim is to provide theoretical basis for the comprehensive development of green ecological tobacco.

  Introduction of Populus wutunensis in Southern Xinjiang 邹吉祥,,, and 2017, 7 (10):  39-44.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16120003 Abstract + ( 595 )   PDF ( 1347KB )   ( 603 ) The shelter forest for farmland is the important component for three largest ecological safety barriers of southern Xinjiang. In order to optimize the shelter forest system structure of southern Xinjiang and improve the biodiversity and ecological protection effect, the investigation was carried out against tree heights, chest height diameters, survival rates and accumulative growth amounts of two kinds of poplars (investigation materials of this investigation, namely, populus wutunensis introduced to Kashgar region of southern Xinjiang and populus bolleana, one native tree of Xinjiang) under different site conditions adopting the sample-plot survey. Results show that all average values of chest height diameters for populus wutunensis are higher than that of populus bolleana, and there is no significant difference between average tree height values for two kinds of poplars in 3 experimental places. Within three years after plantation, the tree heights and accumulative growth amounts for two kinds of poplars rise faster. After plantation for two years, the chest height diameter and accumulative growth amount of populus wutunensis are higher than that of populus bolleana. The survival rate of populus wutunensis can be still up to 37.37% at Jiashi County (salt content up to 0.76%), which is higher than that of populus bolleana; it shows that the salt-tolerance ability of populus wutunensis is stronger than that of populus bolleana, and the growth status of populus wutunensis is better than that of populus bolleana. This investigation provides practical basis for large-area promotion and cultivation of populus wutunensis at southern Xinjiang.

  Sowing Time and Density of Intercropping Grain Cowpea in Orchard 2017, 7 (10):  45-50.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17030004 Abstract + ( 653 )   PDF ( 1290KB )   ( 564 ) To study the influence of different sowing times and densities on the yield and main characters of grain cowpea in orchard intercropping conditions, grain cowpea cultivar—‘Liao Ground Cowpea No.2’was used as material, a comparative test was conducted by intercropping cowpea in 3-year old cobnut orchard. The split plot was designed, sowing time and density were used as main factor and side factor, grain yield and main characters of cowpea were studied and compared. The results showed that when intercropping in orchard, the influence of sowing time and density on yield and main characters was significant and extremely significant, respectively; the influence of single factor on grain yield was parabolic distribution. Correlation analysis showed that there was a weakly negative correlation between 100 grain weight and yield per plant, the other characters were significantly and positively correlated with each other; yield was negatively correlated with 100 grain weight and the number of stem node, weakly positive correlated with the number of pods per plant, positively correlated with the branch number and grain weight per plant. The conclusion was that when intercropping grain cowpea in orchards in Liaoning, the suitable sowing time was May 29th with a suitable density of 16.5×104 plants/hm2.

  Content Analysis of Sugar, Acid and Vc in the Fruit of Different Peach Varieties 2017, 7 (10):  51-55.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16120019 Abstract + ( 588 )   PDF ( 1142KB )   ( 815 ) To understand the characteristics of sugar, acid and Vc in fruits of different peach varieties, and compare the composition and content of sugar, 16 peach varieties with different types and different mature periods were collected to determine the content and composition of sugar, acid and Vc in fruits, and study and compare the differences and characteristics among different peach germplasms. The results indicated that the soluble sugar of peach fruit was mainly composed of sucrose, fructose, glucose and sorbitol, with an average content of 78.81 mg/g of sucrose as the highest, and peach fruit could be classified into sucrose accumulation model. The titratable acid content varied with different types of peach varieties, and that of nectarine were significantly higher than that of wild peach, the former could be 1.6 times of the latter, whereas the Vc content of different types of peach varieties was not significantly different. Due to the differences of sugar composition and the content of sugar and acid in fruits among different peach varieties, their flavor showed distinctive features.

  4 Oat Varieties in Horqin Sandy Land: Comparison of Forage Yield Characteristics 2017, 7 (10):  55-59.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17020016 Abstract + ( 727 )   PDF ( 1213KB )   ( 558 ) The paper aims to screen good forage oat varieties which are suitable for planting in Horqin sandy land, the authors studied yield characteristics of 4 oat varieties. The results showed that: the forage yield harvested at milk stage was significantly higher than that at heading stage (P<0.05); In heading stage, the hay yield of forage oat ranged from more to less,respectively,‘Magnum’,‘Sweet Yan No.1’,‘Beller’,‘Wrangler’;In milk stage,the hay yield of forage oat ranged from more to less,respectively,‘Sweet Yan No.1’,‘Magnum’,‘Beller’,‘Wrangler’; The height of ‘Magnum’ was significantly higher than that of other 3 varieties at heading stage (P<0.05); The stem-leaf ratio of ‘Sweet Yan No.1’ was lowest than other 3 varieties at heading stage which had significant differences (P<0.05). The conclusion is ‘Sweet Yan No.1’ and ‘Magnum’ can be forage oat varieties for planting and promoting in Horqin Sandy land.

  Feeding Vegetable Carbon Black Affecting Growth Performance and Enzyme Activities in Mastacembelus aculeatus 2017, 7 (10):  60-65.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16120017 Abstract + ( 590 )   PDF ( 1318KB )   ( 575 ) We aim to analyze the effects of vegetable carbon black at different levels on growth performance, digestive enzymes and non-specific immune activities of wild F1 juvenile Mastacembelus aculeatus. A basal diet without adding vegetable carbon black and three test diets containing 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% vegetable carbon black were prepared to feed four groups of M. aculeatus in triplicate respectively. The feeding experiment was conducted in 12 tank systems (150 L each) at a controlled water temperature of 26-28℃, dissolved oxygen of 5.0-6.0 mg/L and pH 6.5-7.5 for eight weeks. The results showed that compared with the control group, the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of 0.5% vegetable carbon black group significantly increased by 24.76% and 16.18% respectively (P<0.05), and feed conversion rate of 0.1% vegetable carbon black group significantly reduced by 30.23% (P<0.05). Survival rate was not affected by vegetable carbon black (P>0.05). The activity of pepsin was the highest in the group of 0.5% vegetable carbon black (P<0.05). The activities of amylase in both intestine and liver first increased and then decreased with the increase of vegetable carbon black, with the highest value in the group of 0.1% vegetable carbon black (P<0.05). In the respect of non-specific immunity, the addition of 0.1% and 0.5% vegetable carbon black in diet had significant effect on activities of SOD, CAT, ACP, AKP in intestine (P<0.05). And the CAT activity in liver was the highest in the group of 0.1% vegetable carbon black (P<0.05). But SOD, AKP, ACP activities in liver were no affected in all the tested groups (P>0.05). It can be concluded that the growth performance and the activities of enzymes in M. aculeatus could be improved by adding 0.1%-0.5% vegetable carbon black.

  Economic Insect Resources: Nutritive and Medicinal Values 2017, 7 (10):  66-71.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16110034 Abstract + ( 614 )   PDF ( 1166KB )   ( 1189 ) To study the nutritive and medicinal value of economic insects, this study summarized the research progress of economic insect resources in recent 5 years, and enumerated nutritive value from some aspects, such as proteins, amino acids, fats and fatty acids, minerals and trace elements, and listed medicinal values of bio-active substances in economic insects, such as insect antimicrobial peptides, hormones, chitosan, chitin and toxins. Based on the analysis, the authors pointed out the bottleneck problems which restricted the development and utilization of protein industry of economic insects, such as the protection of germplasm resources, the technology of large- scale breeding, the technology of product processing and other related aspects. Then, countermeasures were put forward to provide references for accelerating economic insect industrialization research.

  Design and System Implementation of a Quantitative Evaluation System for Agro-ecological Environment Quality in Beijing 李靖伟 2017, 7 (10):  72-79.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17030016 Abstract + ( 571 )   PDF ( 2629KB )   ( 564 ) This paper focuses on the "clean water, clean air, soil improvement" three themes, with the overall requirements of the rural ecological civilization construction project and the actual situation of the capital , in accordance with the closed chain of monitoring, evaluation, management and evaluation of agricultural ecological environment, according with the agricultural ecological environment in Beijing city , index system of quantitative quality evaluation are constructed based on existing research results,.This system mainly includes 5 categories of routine monitoring and evaluation index, 23 governance and evaluation index of 3 categories and 8 types, and the corresponding standard and model. Based on the index system, using the model, remote sensing, geographic information system technology, designing and developing the information system of agricultural ecological environment .The core function of this system are data monitoring, quality evaluation and treatment planning, then realizing the quantitative evaluation of agricultural ecological environment in Beijing City, and unified evaluation standard data source.In particular, it breaks through the problem of large scale quantitative association evaluation, and has a high ability of intelligent matching of evaluation model and the ability. This will make an important contribution to the quantitative evaluation of agricultural ecological environment, and provide quantitative basis for the formulation of important policies of ecological agriculture environmental monitoring, management, planning and so on in Beijing.

  Strategies for Sustainable Use of Agricultural Water Resources in China 王庆锁 and 梅旭荣 2017, 7 (10):  80-83.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16110042 Abstract + ( 596 )   PDF ( 1113KB )   ( 889 ) Aims to solve the problems of severe scarcity of water resources, water pollution, a contradiction between the decline of water use and grow of grain demand, a mismatch between grain production and water resource distribution and unsustainable transport of grain from north to south, we put forward agricultural water resource sustainable use strategies including regional rebalance of grain production according to water resources, green water strategy (effective use of precipitation) and water resource replacement by technology, unconventional water and international trade. At the same time, we proposed several proposals such as developing cropping systems adapted to water resource, strengthening technological innovation for watersaving agriculture, upgrading water saving irrigation technology, setting up compensatory mechanisms for a shift of agricultural water uses and improving dietary pattern.

  Precipitation Change in Eastern Part of Northwest China: Spatial Distribution and Mutation Characteristics 2017, 7 (10):  84-89.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17040009 Abstract + ( 609 )   PDF ( 1631KB )   ( 994 ) To understand the variation characteristics of precipitation in the eastern part of northwest China, and to provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of poverty alleviation strategies in response to climate poverty, based on the precipitation data of 81 stations in eastern part of northwest China from 1961 to 2010, the authors analyzed the variation characteristics of precipitation in the area by using the climate trends, correlation coefficient, relative variability, Mann- Kendall and other methods. The results showed that: in recent 50 years, the annual precipitation significantly reduced in the eastern border of Shaanxi, Minxian- Lintao-Huajialing in Gansu and Guyuan in Ningxia, and the increased area was located in Delingha-Dulan- Tuole; the precipitation in spring significantly reduced in the middle, east and south of Shaanxi, the increased area was located in the middle, west and southwest of Qinghai; the precipitation in summer significantly reduced in western Hexi corridor, the increased area was located in the middle, west and north of Qinghai and southern Shaanxi; the precipitation in autumn significantly reduced in southern Shaanxi, the middle and south of Ningxia, southeastern Gansu, the increased area was located in northwestern Qinghai and western Gansu; the precipitation in winter was increasing (excepted for individual sites); the relative variability of seasonal precipitation was similar to that of the annual precipitation, the high value area was in northwestern Qinghai, the western Hexi corridor, and the low value area was in Qilian Mountains, southern Qinghai and southern Shaanxi; the precipitation in autumn and winter had mutations in the 50 years, the possible points of mutation were determined in 1975 and 1986.

  A Cold Wave Weather in West Shandong Plain in 2016: Diagnostic Analysis and Its Impact on Agriculture 纪凡华,韩风军, and 2017, 7 (10):  90-95.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100006 Abstract + ( 596 )   PDF ( 1956KB )   ( 553 ) The paper aims to analyze the circulation condition and physical variable field of a cold wave process happened at Liaocheng on January 22 to 24, 2016, through the analysis of conventional observation and satellite cloud image, we summarize the cold wave process change and its effect on agriculture. The results suggest that warm Atlantic ridge extended eastward at high latitude, forced the weak Ural mountain ridge to form the Ural blocking high, which is a favorable condition for the development of cold air; near surface cold high pressure dominates, strong wind occurred and air temperature decreased continuously during this cold wave process because of the effect of strong cold convection, moreover, well water vapor condition provide a favorable condition for snowfall; one broad sheet cloud band before the transversal trough line located in Shanxi, Shanxi and middle Hebei on the satellite cloud image caused snowfall weather, back edge of the cloud band became smooth after transversal trough changing to the vertical, which indicated strong surface cloud high pressure.

  Prediction of Grain Yield of Sichuan Based on GM(1,1) Model 2017, 7 (10):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16120010 Abstract + ( 609 )   PDF ( 1299KB )   ( 848 ) China has a large population, and food security is a major event relating to people’s livelihood. Strengthening grain yield prediction can ensure food security. Based on historical data of grain yield in Sichuan from 2001 to 2015, we adopted grey system theory and set up GM (1, 1) prediction model on the basis of the weakening buffer operator, then used four error checking methods, including residual error, grade ratiodeviation, correlation degree and posteriori error to test the reasonability and the prediction accuracy. Then we applied GM (1, 1) prediction model to predicting the grain yield in future three years. Test results indicate that the grey system theory is appropriate when it is applied to grain yield prediction and has high prediction accuracy. According to GM (1, 1) prediction model, the grain yield of the year 2016, 2017, 2018 will increase by -2.11%, -0.39% and 1.21% respectively year on year. It can be concluded that the grain yield of Sichuan will increase in fluctuation in the near future.