Abstract: The aim is to provide a basis for water saving and high yield cultivation of wheat. In the condition of pond culture, the effects of different combinations of soil fertility and irrigation on the photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield of medium-gluten wheat‘Jimai 22’and strong-gluten wheat ‘Jimai20’were studied. The results showed that Pn, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm (the maximum photochemical efficiency) andФ PSⅡ (actual photochemical efficiency) of flag leaf after anthesis were promoted with the increase of soil fertility and irrigation amount. The effect of fertility on photosynthetic characteristics was more significant than that of irrigation. With the increase of soil fertility, the starting time of Pn and ФPS Ⅱ declining delayed gradually. The improvement of soil fertility was useful to reduce the inhibition of photosynthesis by environmental stress. There was a compensation effect between soil fertility and irrigation for the influence on the yield and yield composition of the two wheat cultivars. Under high soil fertility, the yield differences of the two wheat cultivars were not significant between limited irrigation and full irrigation conditions.Improving soil fertility could relief the declining photosynthetic character index due to insufficient irrigation, and sustain a higher level of photosynthetic product accumulation at later growth stage.