Abstract: To adjust the content of trace elements in cotton planting soil, and improve the accuracy of fertilization, thus to achieve the purpose of protection of the environmental quality and agricultural resources, the authors obtained the properties data of the soil based on field GPS location, sample measuring and analysis. Using Ugan-Kuqa river oasis cotton soil as the research object, the authors analyzed the correlation between soil organic matter, pH value and four kinds of trace elements by the method of correlation analysis module and the statistical analysis module. The results showed that organic matter was significantly and negatively correlated with available iron and available copper, and the correlation coefficient was -0.557 and -0.458, respectively, while its relationship with available manganese and available zinc was not obvious, which did not reach the significant level. Soil pH value was significantly and negatively correlated with available manganese, and the correlation coefficient was - 0.406, and was negatively correlated with available zinc, and the correlation coefficient was -0.274. In the process of production, we should reasonably use organic fertilizer, adjust soil pH value, and keep nutrients in crops balance according to the nature of soil in the study area, and it would be beneficial to the absorption of trace elements, and increase crop yield to ensure the sustainable development of agricultural production in the northwest arid areas.