Abstract: As the main force of grain production in China, the development of large grain production counties is facing the problem of more grain causing poorer finance, and demanding internal impetus for coordinating urban and rural development to enhance the county economy and ensure China’s food security. However, during the urbanization of large grain production counties, there are dilemmas such as insufficient fund, unbalanced industrial structure, land use contradiction, weak infrastructure, and unsound socialized service system and guarantee mechanism. Therefore, the promotion of integrative urban and rural development of large grain production counties should be started from system and institution building.