Row Spacing Configuration with Water-soluble Amino Acid Fertilizer and Betaine Affect the Physiological Effect and Harvest Index of Mechanical Harvesting Summer Maize Cultivars

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0004

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of yield reduction caused by slow dehydration in short mature period and low light and temperature utilization efficiency in canopy due to high planting density (≥7.5×10⁴ plants/hm²), the comprehensive effects of two growth regulators and row spacing patterns were studied by using mechanical harvesting summer maize ‘Dika 517’ as the material. The leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation per plant, grain filling rate and dehydration rate were analyzed, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for selecting growth regulators for the production of mechanical harvesting summer maize in this area and optimizing of planting mode. The results showed that, under the water-soluble amino acid fertilizer treatment with the density of 7.5×10⁴ plants/hm², both the equal-row spacing and wide-narrow row spacing could achieve high harvest index and yield with high efficient grain filling rate 15 d after pollination by small leaf area index and low dry matter accumulation per plant. Compared with the insignificant dehydration rate of equal-row spacing, the wide-narrow row spacing was beneficial to an earlier grain dehydration peak to 35 d after pollination and the grain filling period to 45 d after flowering, but the water content of grain was still ≥32% at the harvest stage. However, the betaine treatment was affected by the wide-narrow row spacing and had too much biological productivity. Although the yield was significantly higher than that of the control, it was still significantly lower than that of the water-soluble amino acid fertilizer treatment. It is suggested that the cultivation mode of 70 cm + 50cm wide-narrow row spacing should be promoted for ‘Dika 517’ in central Shandong of Huang-Huai-Hai area. The water-soluble fertilizer rich in zinc amino acid should be sprayed at the 6-leaf expansion stage to improve the harvest index and yield. To achieve the mechanical grain harvesting, the dehydration index of grain moisture ≤26% should be achieved by delaying the harvest time.

Key words: growth regulator, wide-narrow row spacing, mechanical harvesting summer maize, dry matter accumulation, grain filling rate, dehydration rate, harvest index

CHEN Jun, ZHANG Haijun, HAN Mingming, JIANG Fangshan. Row Spacing Configuration with Water-soluble Amino Acid Fertilizer and Betaine Affect the Physiological Effect and Harvest Index of Mechanical Harvesting Summer Maize Cultivars[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2022, 12(6): 18-23.

Figures/Tables 5

References 30

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行距配置	生长调节剂	处理编号	单株干物质/g	籽粒干物质/（g/株）	收获指数	产量/(kg/hm²)
60 cm +60 cm	白加黑	B1	225.24b	104.31a	0.463a	9564.9a
	清水	CK1	250.25a	99.02b	0.396b	8592.6c
	甜菜碱	T1	224.37b	101.94ab	0.454a	8972.3b
70 cm+50 cm	白加黑	B2	234.73c	115.12b	0.490a	9972.3a
	清水	CK2	271.39b	116.39b	0.429b	8726.9c
	甜菜碱	T2	285.84a	130.85a	0.458ab	9513.9b

行距配置	生长调节剂	处理编号	单株干物质/g	籽粒干物质/（g/株）	收获指数	产量/(kg/hm²)
60 cm +60 cm	白加黑	B1	225.24b	104.31a	0.463a	9564.9a
	清水	CK1	250.25a	99.02b	0.396b	8592.6c
	甜菜碱	T1	224.37b	101.94ab	0.454a	8972.3b
70 cm+50 cm	白加黑	B2	234.73c	115.12b	0.490a	9972.3a
	清水	CK2	271.39b	116.39b	0.429b	8726.9c
	甜菜碱	T2	285.84a	130.85a	0.458ab	9513.9b