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• 2012 Vol.2 No.5 Published:20 May 2012

  Research Progress and Rice-Straw Returning 2012, 2 (5):  1-4.  Abstract + ( 2279 )   PDF ( 926KB )   ( 3142 ) In the current promotion of high-yield, efficient and ecological context of agriculture, rice-straw returning as an effective measure has been vigorously promoted. So from the basic concept of rice-straw returning, comprehensively elaborate domestic and foreign research progress of rice-straw returning, and focus on the study the effects of the rice-straw returning on soil organic matter, soil bulk density and capillary porosity, soil temperature, microorganisms in soil, decomposition characteristics of rice, rice quality and weeds. Pointed out the straw in the physiological and ecological effects of the broader applications，and made of straw and the future direction of research priorities. So as to protect agricultural ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of modern agriculture provides theoretical basis.

  Analysis of Yield and Quality Traits for Wheat Varieties in Shanxi Province 2012, 2 (5):  5-10.  Abstract + ( 2558 )   PDF ( 1177KB )   ( 1643 ) To sum up the experience of wheat breeding provide scientific basis for breeding new varieties with high quality and high yield and multiple resistance and increase level of wheat production. Using intuitive statistical method, it is analyzed in this that the yield and the quality traits of regional test for 82 wheat-varieties by authorized from Shanxi province, 2001-2010. The results showed that is not enough genetic background and lack genetic difference among varieties. There were large difference of total yield between different wheat varieties. The change range of yield for 82wheat varieties from 2774.0kg/hm2 to 7365.0kg/hm2, with the average value of 5375.1kg/hm2, increased by 7.9%, with contrast. Among which the change range of yield for water-land wheat varieties from 5329.5kg/hm2 to 7365.0kg/hm2, with the average value of 6159.5kg/hm2. The change range of yield for dry-land wheat varieties from 2774.0kg/hm2 to 5885.0kg/hm2, with the average value of 4084.7kg/hm2. The change range of protein content for 82 wheat-varieties from 11.7% to 18.0%, with the average value of 14.7%. Among which the change range of protein content for water-land wheat varieties from 12.8% to 18.0%, with the average value of 15.0%. The change range of protein content for dry-land wheat varieties from 11.7% to 17.0%, with the average value of 14.7%. The change range of wet gluten for 82 wheat-varieties from 23.6 to 45.5, with the average value of 32.3. Among which the change range of wet gluten for water-land wheat varieties from 26.1 to 45.5, with the average value of 32.3. The change range of wet gluten for dry-land wheat varieties from 23.6 to 39.8, with the average value of 32.3. The change range of sedimentation value for 82 wheat-varieties from 11.1 ml to 71.4ml, with the average value of 33.9ml. Among which the change range of sedimentation value for water-land wheat varieties from 15.5ml to 71.4ml, with the average value of 32.0ml. The change range of sedimentation value for dry-land wheat varieties from 11.1 ml to 63.5ml, with the average value of 35.8ml. The study of wheat breeding have acquired larger evolution in Shanxi province in ten-year. Level of variety yield is steadily improved. Main quality traits target is above the national average value. The innovation study of wheat germ plasm with excellent agronomic trait and genetic diversity was enforced in wheat breeding procedure for the future, in order for breeding breakthrough variety to establish abundant material base.

  Wheat Varieties Evaluation in South Huai River Wheat Region in Jiangsu Province 2012, 2 (5):  11-16.  Abstract + ( 2457 )   PDF ( 1115KB )   ( 2909 ) In order to understand the adaption of the varieties to the environment of South Huai River Wheat Region in Jiangsu Province, three varieties include Huaimai22, Yannong19 and Zhen9023 from North Huai River Wheat Region and six varieties include Yangmai15, Yangmai16, Yangmai13, Yangmai11, Ningmai13 and Zhengmai166 from South Huai River Wheat Region were evaluated in 2011 in Yangzhou. The results indicated that the most adaptive sow date is Oct 28th for all the varieties and Yangmai11 and Yangmai16 have the better performance among the tested varieties. They have bigger spikes, more seeds, higher kernel weights and higher resistance to major diseases.

  Effects of Irrigation Amount and Stage on the Flag Leaf Senescence and Yield of Super-high-yield Wheat After Anthesis 2012, 2 (5):  17-23.  Abstract + ( 1909 )   PDF ( 1240KB )   ( 1533 ) To determine feasible irrigation stage and amount of super-high-yield land (9750 kg/hm2) and excavate the yield potential of super-high-yield wheat, we created conditions in super-high-yield land of Jinhai seed limited company to evaluate the effects of irrigation stage and amount on the flag leaf senescence and yield of super-high-yield wheat after anthesis. The results indicated that, irrigation had significantly effect on senescence indexes of the flag leaf, and irrigation could greatly delay the senescence of the flag leaf by improving the structural integrity and function continuity of the flag leaf. Compared to the control irrigation increased the chlorophyll content (SPAD value), LAI, POD, SOD, CAT activity, decreased the final product of lipid peroxidation (MDA), and significantly increased the grain yield of super-high-yield wheat while the water use efficiency was high. In the conditions of this experimental, the treatment T5 was irrigated 60 mm at wintering, jointing and filling stage respectively, of which the flag leaf senescence was obviously delayed, and its yield which was different from others significantly reached super-high-yield level (9923.58 kg/hm2), so T5 was the feasible irrigation scheme to super-high-yield land. Continuing to increase irrigation amount (T7 and T8) the chlorophyll content(SPAD value) and LAI dropped, POD, SOD, CAT activity had little rate of increased amplitude, and grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and water use efficiency were decreased significantly.

  Primary Study on Reducing Browning of Callus Induced from Maize Immature Embryo 2012, 2 (5):  24-28.  Abstract + ( 1594 )   PDF ( 1340KB )   ( 1671 ) Material browning is a universal phenomenon in plant-tissue culture, and it plays a vital role in plant-tissue culture. To control the browing of plant-tissue culture, the immature embryos of three maize inbred lines (‘Danhuang25’, P138, H21) were used in the experiment. Embryo age, 2,4-D concentration, mannitol concentration, L-proline and silver nitrate concentration on the browning of maize calli were studied. The results showed that the embryos selected from ‘Danhuang 25’ (11-day after self-pollination), P138 and H21 (13-day after self-pollination) were inoculated into induction medium and then their callus browning could be significantly inhibited by addition of 2 mg/L 2,4-D, 10 g/L mannitol, 10 mg/L L-proline, 10 mg/L silver nitrate in subculture medium, indicate that the type of medium and additives have a major impact on callus growth.

  Effects of the Main Agronomic Characters of the Different Soybean Varieties Induced by EMS 2012, 2 (5):  29-31.  Abstract + ( 1320 )   PDF ( 969KB )   ( 1533 ) To determine the methyl sulfonic acid ethyl ester (EMS) different varieties of soybean of mutation effect, four soybean varieties were treated by 0.5% EMS solution, and genetic variations of the main agronomic characters in M2 were analyzed. The results were that each variety agronomic characters all happened some degree of variation, among the characters of M2, the genetic variation coefficient of branches were maximum , seeds per plant ,pods per plant and seed weight per plant were medium , plant height and main stem nodes were minimum. But in the early mature varieties these variation was significant, and not in the late. Each variety happened the early or the late mutants, the proportion of the total mutant plants was 43.1%, and the proportion of the early mutants (24.6%) was large than the late (18.5%), but in the early mature varieties whether the proportions of the early or the late mutants were greater than the late.

  Effects of Planting Density on Agronomic Characters and Yield of Middle-late Maturing Short-Stalked Sorghum in Dry Areas 2012, 2 (5):  32-35.  Abstract + ( 1496 )   PDF ( 1067KB )   ( 1690 ) The suitable combination of planting density is favorable for the yield increase of sorghum cultivar. In order to determine rational planting density of sorghum and to fully develop yield-increasing effect, a field trial with a sorghum variety ‘Jingzhong 911’ was conducted in Taigu, Shanxi Province, China to investigate the effects of different planting densities (ranging from 75000 to 150000 plants/hm2) on main agronomic characters and yield in a randomized block design. The results showed that with the increase of planting density, stem diameter tended to decrease, while the plant height, leaf area and leaf number seen no significant change in trend; The effects of planting density on yield traits were mainly 1000-kernel weight and weight/panicle, and yield both showed a significant negative correlation, and both have a higher impact coordination on production. In the late-maturing sorghum growing areas of dry land, by increasing planting density can significantly increase grain yield. It is concluded that when planting density 15.00 × 104 plants/hm2, the highest sorghum grain yield. The study of middle-late maturing short-stalked sorghum in dry areas to increase plant density provides a theoretical and technical support.

  Preliminary Study on the Effects of Different Compond (mixed) Fertilizers to Winter Wheat 2012, 2 (5):  36-39.  Abstract + ( 1483 )   PDF ( 1075KB )   ( 1374 ) In order to alter the producer’s blindness to the base fertilization of winter wheat, resolve the low yield of wheat caused by irrational fertilization, field experiment was carried out for comparing the effects of several common types of compond (mixed) fertilizer on winter wheat applied before seeding. The results were followed: 2 types of compond (mixed) fertilizer contented N, P and K increased the wheat yield and benefit significantly compared with the other types. Among which the compond (mixed) formula fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O of 18-18-6 increased the wheat yield and benefit significantly compared with the N-P2O5-K2O of 15-20-5, but the two applying rates of 525 kg/hm2 and 675 kg/hm2 had no marked difference on yield and benefit. So the Compond (mixed) fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O of 18-18-6 was well suit to Yongnian soil and wheat. The proper base applying rate was 525-675 kg/hm2.

  Effect of white seed pumpkin stocks on growth, yield and quality of grafted muskmelon 2012, 2 (5):  40-43.  Abstract + ( 1678 )   PDF ( 1053KB )   ( 2271 ) The effects of five different white seed pumpkin stocks on growth，yield and quality of grafted muskmelon variety‘XinShengYu’were studied. The results showed that the growth of the grafted combination seedlings were better than that of the own-rooted muskmelon seedlings. The incidence of Fusarium oxysporumf sp.Cucumerinum on grafted muskmelon plant was reduced. There was significant difference between the yield of grafted muskmelon and the own-rooted muskmelon. The grafted muskmelon had lower soluble sugar content but higher Vitamin C content than the own-rooted muskmelon. According to the comprehensive evaluation， ‘Nanzhen 1’stock and ‘zhuang shi’stock could be recommended as the good rootstock for XinShengYu’muskmelon.

  Effects of the Total Cd2+ Concentration in Culture Material and Covering Soil on Mushroom Fruitbodies 2012, 2 (5):  44-48.  Abstract + ( 1499 )   PDF ( 1011KB )   ( 1582 ) The objective of this study was to investigate the source and the capacity to adsorbent of the Cd2+ in fruitbodies of Agaricus bisporus , the enrichment law of Cd2+ from first flush and second flush of fruitbodies of Agaricus bisporus 2796 was analysised through adding Cd＋ion to culture material and covering soil to confirm the critical content value of Cd＋ion concentration in the cultivation process. The results showed that the Agaricus bisporus doesn’t have enrichment effect on Cd, and the average Cd absorption coefficient from culture material for the first flush of fruitbodies was 0.329. It was 21.1 times to 0.0156 from covering soil. And the similar data was 0.122 for second flush of fruitbodies to Cd from culture material, that was 9.5 times higher than that 0.0128 from covering soil. It also showed that it can inhibit the knot growth of the Agaricus bisporu’;s fruitbodies and make total crop failure when the concentration of Cd＋ion is higher than 40 mg/kg. It suggested that the detection of Cd＋ion of the culture material is very important in the cultivation process of Agaricus bisporus. When the Cd content of fruitbodies conforms to the no social effects of pollution standardization and the green foods standardizaton for mushroom in China, the value of the critical content of Cd from culture material and covering soil is 6.70 mg/kg, 1.45 mg/kg, 32.66mg/kg and 5.39mg/kg by regression model, respectivily.

  Effects of Exogenous Acetylene on Floral Bud Differentiation and Endogenous Hormone Content of ‘Guzmania Danis’ 2012, 2 (5):  49-56.  Abstract + ( 1514 )   PDF ( 6574KB )   ( 1615 ) In order to study the flowering mechanism in Bromeliaceae, and to provide a theoretical basis for flowering regulation, the effects of exogenous acetylene on floral bud differentiation and endogenous hormone contents of Guzmania ‘Denise’ were investigated. The results showed that: Guzmania ‘Denise’ was introduced into floral bud differentiation stage by exogenous acetylene application 7 days. The process of bud differentiation included no differentiation stage, inflorescence primordium differentation stage, single flower primordium differentiation stage, sepal and petal differentiation stage and stamen and pistil differentiation stage. During the process of bud differentiation, the contents of auxins (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in the growing point and leaves kept mostly unchangeable. However, the contents of zeatin nucleotides (ZRs) increased significantly in inflorescence primordium differentation stage and single flower primordium differentiation stage. The contents of gibberellins (GAs) decreased significantly in inflorescence primordium differentiation stage and organ early differentiation stage, resulting in high level of ABA/GAs, ZRs/GAs, ZRs/IAA ratio in inflorescence primordium differentation stage, single flower primordium differentiation stage and organ early differentiation stage. The results suggest that ZRs content and ABA/GAs, ZRs/GAs, ZRs/IAA ratio at a higher level and GAs at a lower level is beneficial to the finish of floral bud differentiation of Guzmania ‘Denise’.

  The model and performance of socialized breeding for working dog 2012, 2 (5):  57-61.  Abstract + ( 1399 )   PDF ( 1283KB )   ( 1657 ) The model of socialized breeding working dog was analyed. The new model of socialized breeding for working dog was created, and the purpose of management innovation was achieved by exploring the model of socialized breeding for the puppy, breeding dogs, and socialized training of basic skills for working dog. The model of socialized breeding for working dog was converted from intensive training to socialized breeding, and the constraints of the space, equipment and personnel was broken, and the quantity and quality of the puppies have a giant leap. The model not only adds income for the farmer, but also reduces the cost of the breeding and training. It has set up an innovative pattern for the development of the working dog of China.

  Effect of Amino Acid Balance of Fishmeal-free Protein Feed for Performance of Tilapia 2012, 2 (5):  62-66.  Abstract + ( 1456 )   PDF ( 1215KB )   ( 2052 ) In order to discuss the effect of Amino Acid Balance of Fishmeal-free Protein Feed in the different formula for Performance of Tilapia, by means of five chemical analysis methods and results of mariculture experiments, using tilapia fish as protein reference model, the nutritional value of essential amino acid (EAA) of tilapia fishmeal-free experimental formula groups and control group were evaluated. The results showed that formula Ⅰ was the most effective experimental group. The essential amino acid index (EAAI), score of ratio coefficient of amino acid (SRCAA) and the essential amino acids relative ratio (EAARR) were 90.75, 77.75 and 85.58, respectively. And production performance of formula 1 was also the best, the growth rate of tilapia was up to 158% and feed coefficient was 1.24. It suggests that growth effect and feed conversion rate (FCR) be better in experimental formulae groups containing more-balanced amino acid. It is rather effective to improve the growth performance, FCR and protein conversion efficiency of tilapia using amino acid balance of fishmeal-free feed.

  EffeEffect Analysis on Development Facilities Vegetables in Alpine Pastoral Areas Tibet 2012, 2 (5):  67-70.  Abstract + ( 1391 )   PDF ( 917KB )   ( 2056 ) Alpine pastoral areas away from most of the Tibetan town, traffic less developed. The nomads eat vegetables difficult, and the comfortable housing project are changing the herdsmen of modes of production and life. The nomads of all kinds of vegetables to edible has a keen desire. To effectively solve the herdsmen to eat vegetables. This paper put forward view that developing sunlight greenhouse to produce vegetable around nomads reside a room in alpine pastoral areas on the basis of practical survey. It damaging on pasture environment are extremely small, and in the technology is feasible. As well as, if through the vegetables for economic benefit of sales could change the way a single animal husbandry production nomads. And promote the herdsmen of modern agriculture production technology study the interest. And may through to the vegetable protected production increase of investment, reduce the number of livestock farming, The reservoir and environmental protection to reduce pasture produce positive role.

  The Discussion of Rural Low-carbon Development Mode: A Case of Hongluogou in Beijing 2012, 2 (5):  71-74.  Abstract + ( 1418 )   PDF ( 1024KB )   ( 1571 ) In order to discuss the development pattern of low-carbon in the rural area of China, the author used qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the situation of Hongluogou, a village in the outskirts of Beijing. The results indicated that the Hongluogou had abundant resources, and industry transform to low-carbon development. Based on it, the author proposed a low-carbon development model for mountainous and semi-mountain areas. It was found that in the initial stages of starting a low-carbon economy, government subsidies and government-led market development were essential. And in the development of low-carbon lifestyle, the government should play an exemplary role. The establishment of rural low-carbon development model should be gradually implemented, generally consists of three phases: (1) developing green industries stage; (2) eliminating the high energy consumption and pollution industry; (3) implementing industrial upgrading. The low-carbon lifestyle was gradually built up in the second stage. Taking government as leadership, strengthening the guidance of the macroscopic policy, nurturing low-carbon industry, and advocating low-carbon life style was the main path to achieve the target of low-carbon development in the rural areas. This would be the concrete action to respond global warming, which provided a new direction for the sustainable development of rural areas in China under the background of the world climate change.

  Brief Analysis of Transference Modes of Farmland 2012, 2 (5):  75-78.  Abstract + ( 1417 )   PDF ( 989KB )   ( 1518 ) It’s necessary for us to analyze the transference modes of the farmland, for this kind of analysis can provide some practical suggestion. However, the author finds that the majority of the researchers only focus on one mode or one kind of modes in their research through the study of relative material in the latest 10 years. Thus, there’s few systematic analysis of all kinds of transference modes of the farmland in existing research. The author points out that the existence of all the transference modes of the farmland in China’s rural area is reasonable to some extent. In this paper, the author analyzes conditions for the realization of each mode and the issues should be paid attention to in adopting each mode by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various modes systematically.