Current issue

• 2012 Vol.2 No.6 Published:20 June 2012

  Effects of Spacing Form on Population Canopy Structure in Jinzhong Late Maturing Winter Wheat Zone 2012, 2 (6):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 1527 )   PDF ( 1031KB )   ( 1475 ) This paper mainly focused on how different spacing forms affected the population canopy structure of winter wheat with different spike types in Jinzhong late maturing winter wheat zone. Under field condition, chose two varieties with different spike shapes for research. With the same seeding amount, adopted spacing forms of 10 cm and 20 cm respectively, and studied the differences of population leaf area index (LAI), mean leaf inclination angle (MLIA), transmission coefficient for radiation penetration (TCRP), extinction coefficient (K) as well as yield. The results showed that the 10cm spacing form could increase the overall leaf area index (LAI) in whole growth stage, the K in middle stage of grouting, yield, and decreased the MLIA in flowering stage and filling stage of two wheat varieties in comparison with 20cm. The total LAI in whole growth stage of multi-spiked variety was higher than that of large-spiked variety. The MLIA of two growing stages with 10 cm (B3) spacing form was: A1>A2. The TCRP of four treatments diminished gradually with raising the zenith angle. The average and range of TCRP of 10cm spacing form were lower than that of 20cm spacing form and two averages had much difference of large-spiked variety. The average and range of TCRP of 10cm spacing form were higher than that of 20cm spacing form and two averages did not have much difference of multi-spiked variety. The yield increase rate indicated that 10cm spacing form had more obvious effect on the yield increase of multi-spiked wheat variety. B3 spacing form could optimize wheat population canopy structure in Jinzhong late maturing winter wheat zone and was suitable to northern late maturing winter wheat zone.

  Studies on Daily Changes of the Net Photosynthetic Rate of Cotton at Blossoming and Boll Forming Stage 2012, 2 (6):  6-9.  Abstract + ( 1382 )   PDF ( 1021KB )   ( 1655 ) Photosynthesis is the important factors for yield formation, research on Diurnal Variation of Photosynthesis have guiding value for exploration the Rule of dry matter accumulation and yield-increasing mechanism of cotton. With CB-1102 Portable Photosynthetic System, the photosynthetic rate of cotton leaf was studied at blossoming and boll forming stage. The results showed that daily changes of net photosynthetic rate presented a bimodal curve, peak value appeared at 10:00 and 15:00, midday depression appeared at 13:00; transpiration rate presented a bimodal curve, peak value appeared at 11:00 and 15:00; stomatal conductance presented a bimodal curve, peak value appeared at 10:00 (small) and 15:00 (maximum peak); Variation of intercellular CO2 concentration appeared “V” shape, lowest value appeared at 12:00.

  Effects of Sowing Depth and Seed Size on Seedling Emergence Percentage and Seedling Growth in Soybean 2012, 2 (6):  10-14.  Abstract + ( 1546 )   PDF ( 1057KB )   ( 1908 ) The effects of sowing depth and seed size on seedling establishment were focus issue at the seed science all the while. Soybean seed was tested in this paper by compare the seedling emergence percentage and seedling growth in the different sowing depth and seed size in the field. Seed of two varieties in soybean were divided artificially into three kinds of grain with big, middle and small size. These seed were sowed in depths of 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm in the field, respectively, and the seedling emergence time, percentage and main seedling characters were survey in the test. The results that the seedling emergence time was prolonged in the field, 6 d-13 d, 9 d-17 d and 13 d-23 d were needed by seedling emergence in 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm depth, respectively. Compared with indoor test, the final seedling emergence percentage in the field were decreased 7%, 34% and 80% in 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm depth, respectively. The seedling length and dry seedling weight were gradually reduced with sowing depth and shown a very significant difference (p < 0.01); Contrarily, root length was the longest in 15 cm depth and was the shortest in 5 cm depth. The dry root weight in 10 cm depth was heavy more than in 5 cm and 15 cm depth and shown significant difference (p < 0.05). Seedling growth was also affected by seed size. Both big and middle size was higher in seedling emergence percentage than small size with very significant difference (p < 0.01). The seedling length and dry weight gradually increased with seed size and shown significant difference (p < 0.05) among three seed size and vary significant difference (p < 0.01) between big and small size.

  Research on Response of Physiological-Ecological and Resistance Difference to Cadmium of Two Soybean Varieties During Different Developmental Stages under Cd Stress 2012, 2 (6):  15-20.  Abstract + ( 1493 )   PDF ( 1347KB )   ( 1548 ) For the sake of discussing the physiological and ecological response and resistance difference to cadmium (Cd) of plants in different developmental stages under the intimidate of Cd, a pot experiment was conducted to study the dynamics of seedling growth and chlorophyll contents, SOD (superoxide dismutase) activities, POD (Peroxidase) activities and MDA (malondialdehyde) contents in leaves of Glycine max (Wu Yue Wang and Ri Ben Qing) under the stress of Cd in seedling stage, flowering-poding early stage and flowering-poding advanced stage, and comparative analysis the resistance of the two varieties to cadmium. The results showed that the most significant stimulating effects of Cd concentrations on the heights of Wu Yue Wang and Ri Ben Qing were 0.50 mg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg, respectively. Those on chlorophyll contents of Wu Yue Wang at seedling stage, early flowering-poding stage and flowering-poding advanced stage were 0.25 mg/kg, 0.50 mg/kg, 2.50 mg/kg, respectively. But, those on chlorophyll contents of Ri Ben Qing at different stages were all 0.25 mg/kg. At early flowering-poding stage, below 0.50 mg/kg of Cd, SOD activity of Ri Ben Qing rose slowly with the increase of Cd concentrations added in soil, but SOD activity of Wu Yue Wang basically changed quite slightly. The most significant stimulating effects of Cd concentrations on SOD activity of Wu Yue Wang and Ri Ben Qing at early flowering-poding stage were 2.50 mg/kg and 1.00 mg/kg, respectively. All the facts above showed that Ri Ben Qing was more sensitive to Cd stress at different developmental Stages than Wu Yue Wang.

  Selection of High and Stable Yield of New Varieties of Introduced Spring Wheat Through Regional Test in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 2012, 2 (6):  21-26.  Abstract + ( 1581 )   PDF ( 1126KB )   ( 1652 ) In order to select the fine varieties of spring wheat suitable for the cultivation in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, The regional tests were conducted on the seven introduced new varieties of spring wheat (Gaoyuan142, 7059, 7060, Dingfeng12, 98248, 98y003-6 and Linmai30) by analysis on yield, variance, yield of high and stability(adaptive), comprehensive of Agronomic traits through at five different natural climate points and production levels in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. The results showed that the average yield of the seven varieties was equivalent to 3717.45~4686.90 kg/hm2 compared with the control of Linmai30with the increased range from 14.33% to 26.08%, from high to low as Dingfeng12>7060>98248>98y003-6>Gaoyuan142> 7059>Linmai30. Both varieties and points showed notable difference, the yield of Dingfeng12 reached extremely significant level compared to the control of Linmai30. The main effect of the two varieties of Dingfeng12 and 7060 presented bigger, the yield relative was better and the interaction variance and relative coefficient of variation was also small compared to other varieties. In addition, growth period, plant height, spike length, spike number, grain weight per spike and grain weight of comprehensive agronomic traits have also performed better. All of which mentioned above indicated that the two varieties of Dingfeng12 and 7060 were suitable for different regions with high yield and good stability, which could be used in the production and large area promotion in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

  Analysis of Cytology and Glutenin Composition in Black Kernel Wheat ‘Donghei 10’ 2012, 2 (6):  27-30.  Abstract + ( 1340 )   PDF ( 2074KB )   ( 1541 ) Shanxi Province is a important producing area of quality wheat in China, had been developed and approved six black kernel wheat varieties by Shanxi Crop Variety Approval Committee, however, their chromosome and protein constitutions of these cultivars are less reported. Understanding its genetic composition will provide useful information for breeding. In this paper, chromosome configuration of black kernel wheat Donghei 10 was characterized by chromosome C-banding, genomic in situ hybridization, chromosome pairing configuration and glutenin subunit analysis. The results showed that the chromosomes numbered 42(2n= 42) in its root tip-cells, chromosome C-banding patterns no significant changes from Chinese Spring, in the genomic in situ hybridization were not detected Leymus secalinus chromosomes. The mean chromosome pairing configuration was 2n= 21 II at PMC MⅠ, indicating Donghei 10 with good stability of cytology, and F1 hybrids with Chinese spring PMC MⅠ chromosome configuration of 21 II showed to be hexaploid common wheat. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that HMW-GS composed of Null/7+9/5+10, in addition to LMW-GS differing from that of Chinese Spring.

  The Investigation of Potato Disease in Guizhou 2012, 2 (6):  31-34.  Abstract + ( 1521 )   PDF ( 1071KB )   ( 1609 ) In order to find out the occurrence and prevalent of potato diseases, the investigation of potato diseases was undertaken in potato producing areas in Guizhou from 2008 to 2010. 18 disease have been found on potato. 7 of them are fungous diseases and 4 of them are bacterial diseases and 4 of them are virus diseases and 1 of them is actinomyces and 2 of them is non-infectious diseases. Late blight, physiological leaf spot, early blight, PSV, bacterial wilt, anthracnose and physiological premature senescence were popular occurrence in Guizhou. However, late blight was most seriously disease on potato. The time and severity level of the occurrence and prevalent of potato diseases are determined by climate condition, variety and sowing date.

  Researched for the Soil Nutrition Correlation Coefficient at Dry Maize on the Weak Brown Earth of Lingshi 2012, 2 (6):  35-48.  Abstract + ( 1469 )   PDF ( 1581KB )   ( 1408 ) In order to finishing the project fertilizing proportion Based on Soil test favorably, through the experiment of five treatments with ‘3414’, know the important coefficient of researching of fertilizing proportion Based on Soil test, the relative relationship of Soil Nutrition Correlation Coefficient with putting fertilizer and different soil nutrition. Be cognizant of the soil nutrition correlation coefficient, it was negative relative relationship between soil nutrition correlation coefficient of nitrogen with quick results nitrogen, there were positive relative relationship with available phosphorus, the quick available kaliums, phosphoric fertilizer that had been fertilized and the rate of utilized nitric fertilizer & Relative output of kaliums be lacked, but there was not relative relationship with Relative output of nitrogen be lacked；it is negative relative relationship between Soil nutrition correlation coefficient of Phosphorus with quick results nitrogen, available Phosphorus, quick available kaliums and Phosphoric, nitric, potassic fertilizer that has been fertilized，but is positive relative relationship with the rate of utilized phosphoric fertilizer, it is positive relative relationship between Soil nutrition correlation coefficient of kaliums with quick results nitrogen, available Phosphorus and Phosphoric, potassic fertilizer that has been fertilized except quick available kaliums. It is the negative relative relationship with the relative output of nitrogen be lacked over 85%, situation is reversed when the Relative output are lacked 85%.

  Effects of Combined Application of Different Nitrogen Source and Magnesium Fertilizer on Yield, Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Potato 2012, 2 (6):  49-53.  Abstract + ( 1599 )   PDF ( 988KB )   ( 1565 ) In order to provide theoretical basis to potato high yield and high quality cultural techniques, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of combined application of different nitrogen source and magnesium fertilizer on yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers under field experimental conditions. The experiment design was the randomized complete block with three replications. Three nitrogen source (sole nitrate, sole ammonium, nitrate and ammonium mixed) and three rates of magnesium fertilizer (0, 75, 300 kg/hm2) were employed. The results showed that the different nitrogen forms had not significant influence on the yield of potato tubers, whereas the combined application of different nitrogen source and magnesium fertilizer had significant effects on the yield of potato tubers. Moreover, both sole nitrate (NO3-) supply, and mixed supply of nitrate and ammonium (NH4+) supply with Mg application can enhance the ratio of large and medium tubers of potato. The contents of total starch and crude protein in tubers of potato were not influenced by the combined application of different nitrogen source and magnesium fertilizer. Sole nitrate supply, or mixed supply of 50% nitrate and 50% ammonium, with 75 kg/hm2 magnesium application had a significant effect on the content of vitamin C in the fresh tubers of potato. The combined application of different nitrogen source and magnesium fertilizer had a significant impact on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and magnesium uptake by potatoes tubers. The different nitrogen source had not significant effect on the uptake of nitrogen, phosphate, potassium and magnesium of potato tubers. Except for potassium uptake, the uptake of nitrogen, phosphate and magnesium in potato tubers was increased with the rate of magnesium application increase. This study indicates that mixed supply of 50% nitrate and 50% ammonium with appropriate magnesium fertilizer can increase potato tubers yield and nutrient uptake, improve quality and raise commodity rate of potato.

  Study on Land Landscape Pattern and Soil Erosion Risk of Small Watershed in the Loess Plateau 2012, 2 (6):  54-58.  Abstract + ( 1359 )   PDF ( 1334KB )   ( 1554 ) The terrain is the important influence factor in landscape diversity of structure and special patterns; furthermore, the terrain character usually becomes the determinant of great criterion in region distribution pattern. Through overlaying land use map and the DEM-based slope, aspect and elevation map, landscape index under different terrain units were obtained, and the author realized the contradistinctive evaluation of land use in different units. The studies indicated that the distribution of landscape pattern was relevant to elevation, slope and aspect. The risk of soil erosion in the overall study area was in medium level.

  The Reclaimed Land Suitability Evaluation and Reclamation Mode of Coal Mine Area in Five Mountains Mountain 2012, 2 (6):  59-64.  Abstract + ( 1502 )   PDF ( 1089KB )   ( 1730 ) The land suitability evaluation of mine is the basis of the research of reclamation, by reading a large number of documents, the reclaimed land suitability evaluation is on the basis of the mountainous’ terrain. First, the author divided evaluation unit and determined the limited factor, then index extreme conditions using index and method and calculation method of comprehensive, it was concluded that the results of the suitable assessment. Two kinds of methods avoided the comprehensive use only in one way, and finally to find limitary factor by extreming with minimum limitation in order to analyze appropriate land reclamation method and type of different assessment unit. In addition, Five Mountains Mountain was mountain-coal-mine, the author focused on it as the research object to provide the rational utilization of land reclamation for mountain-coal-mine, and provide the basis for the similar area.

  Research Progress in the Effects and New Detection Technique of Pesticide Residues on Food Safety 2012, 2 (6):  65-67.  Abstract + ( 1356 )   PDF ( 1046KB )   ( 2057 ) Pesticide residue became the main factor affecting the quality and safety of food, so high requirements have been made for the method and technique of detection of pesticide residues in foods. We mainly summarized the reason and the hazard of the pesticide residue in food, and new detection technique of pesticide residue was reviewed as well. We hope this research would afford scientific basis for the detection and new technique of the pesticide residue in food in the future.

  Effects of Solid Chlorine Dioxide Releasing Agent on ‘Qinmei’ Kiwifruit Quality during Shelf Life 2012, 2 (6):  68-71.  Abstract + ( 1539 )   PDF ( 1049KB )   ( 1429 ) The purpose of this study was to prolong the shelf life and maintain the quality of ‘Qinmei’ kiwifruit after 90 days cold storage. Solid chlorine dioxide releasing agent was applied on kiwifruit packed with polyethylene bags or carton. The result showed that: the decrease of firmness, titratable acid, ascorbic acid was delayed and no decay fruit was observed in chlorine dioxide treatments of fruit packed with carton, and utilization of low dose of chlorine dioxide did not suppress the appearance and eating quality, while there was no significantly difference in quality between control and treatments in kiwifruit packed with polyethylene bags. All treatments did not affect solid soluble contents. Application of solid chlorine dioxide releasing agent on kiwifruit packed with carton is an effective method to prolong shelf life and maintain fruit quality.

  Development of Organic Agriculture in Wanzai Country of Jiangxi Province 2012, 2 (6):  72-77.  Abstract + ( 1605 )   PDF ( 1214KB )   ( 1599 ) Developing organic agriculture was an important measure of the sustainable development strategy which was the effective way to meet the food quality and safety requirements of people and to promote the income of farmers as well as reduce cost. Wanzai County foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses in the development of organic agricultural, gradually, explored a new way to develop the modern organic agriculture in underdeveloped regions which has accumulated a wealth of valuable experience. But there also have some problems exist such as insufficient funds, organic food varieties single, awareness insufficient, services relatively lags behind. On the basis of investigation and study, firstly the advantage and opportunities of the development of organic agriculture in Wanzai County were analyzed; Secondly, the effects and the course of the development of organic agriculture in Wanzai County were summarized. Then, based on such positive points, the existing problems in the developing of Wanzai County organic food were analyzed in detail. Finally, the countermeasures and measures to promote the development of organic food in Wanzai County were proposed.