Current issue

• 2017 Vol.7 No.7 Published:18 July 2017

  Present Situation and Control Countermeasures of Maize Planting Density in Anhui Province 2017, 7 (7):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17030009 Abstract + ( 1682 )   PDF ( 1154KB )   ( 1606 ) To reveal the present situation of maize planting density in Anhui Province, and put forward control measures to improve maize yield per unit area in Anhui, investigations on maize planting density were carried out for 2 consecutive years in 24 counties of 7 cities in Anhui Province, and the density components such as row spacing and line spacing were analyzed. The results showed that the average line spacing and the average row spacing of maize in Anhui was 0.55 m and 0.32 m, respectively, and the average planting density was 66870 lants/hm2. The planting density was overall reasonable, but the regional distribution was uneven, which was mainly divided into 6 planting habits areas. Four countermeasures including moderate densification, promotion of new varieties, planting spacing adjustment and popularization of maize sowing machinery were put forward in view of these 6 planting habits areas.

  Problems in Cotton DUS Testing in China 2017, 7 (7):  6-9.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16110036 Abstract + ( 1472 )   PDF ( 983KB )   ( 980 ) DUS testing is the basic technology of variety management and a scientific basis of variety authorization, and DUS testing guideline sets general principles of technical requirements of cotton DUS testing and results determination. The authors analyzed the problems found in cotton DUS testing guideline of the 2012 edition and problems existed in the process of cotton DUS testing in China, and put forward suggestions like speeding up the revision of the cotton DUS testing guideline, testing operation manual and developing the calibrated manual, and optimizing the cotton DUS testing system construction and improving the level of test. By building and improving the library of known cotton varieties, establishing the diversified testing mode, and proposing corresponding solutions, certain references for cotton DUS testing and future revision of testing guidelines could be provided.

  Sporangia Size of Plasmopara viticola from Different Hosts and Determination of Pathogenicity Differentiation 2017, 7 (7):  10-16.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16110025 Abstract + ( 1593 )   PDF ( 1389KB )   ( 1381 ) The aim is to reduce the economic loss of Plasmopara viticola. 19 accessions of Plasmopara viticola from different grapes were collected from different areas in Hunan, Fujian and Jiangxi. The sporangia size was determined, and the differences of pathogenicity in‘Hutai No. 8’,‘Summer Black’,‘Zuijinxiang’,‘Ziqiu Grape’and‘Victoria’were detected. The pathogenic bacteria were cultivated by moisture culture, and then were inoculated to the healthy leaves. The length was detected by sporangium germination method and the pathogenicity was determined by leaf- disc method. The results showed that the size of downy mildew bacterium sporangium from different grape varieties was different. The pathogenic bacteria sporangium from ‘Spine grape’was obviously greater than that of‘Kyoho Grape’and‘Red Earth’. The bacterial strain from Jiangxi had generally stronger pathogenicity, but the bacterial strain from Hunan had generally weaker pathogenicity. European- American cross species grape, such as‘Hutai No. 8’,‘Summer Black’and ‘Zuijinxiang’had relatively low pathogenicity. European-Asian cross species and East Asian species, such as ‘Victoria’and‘Ziqiu Grape’had relative high pathogenicity. The above result indicates that there is a certain differentiation in the pathogenicity and sporangium size of downy mildew collected from different hosts.

  Returning Crop Straw: A Review of Decomposing Features and Influencing Factors 2017, 7 (7):  17-21.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16120002 Abstract + ( 1870 )   PDF ( 1034KB )   ( 1442 ) In order to implement effective decomposing of returning crop straw, we summarized the research progress in decomposing features of returning crop straw and its influencing factors such as own conditions, hydrothermal conditions, soil conditions, exogenous nitrogen and so on, and focused on the research status of the soil microbial effects on decomposing of crop straw. Finally, we made suggestions on the research of effective decomposing of crop straw in order to provide references for formulating scientific techniques of returning crop straw, guiding rational fertilization and proper utilizing and nourishing land.

  Research Progress of Organic-inorganic Fertilizer Combined Application System 李壮 and 赵秉强 2017, 7 (7):  22-30.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17020011 Abstract + ( 1806 )   PDF ( 1155KB )   ( 1880 ) The authors reviewed the influence of organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and organic-inorganic fertilizer combined application on crop yield and quality, soil fertility and nitrogen loss in farmland, and reiterated the superiority of organic- inorganic fertilizer combined application. The response of organicinorganic fertilization could be mainly affected by the quantity and intensity of available nutrients. The rational organic- inorganic fertilizer combined application could make available nutrients meet the demand of crop growth without environmental risks. Several factors should be considered in the practice of organic-inorganic fertilizer combined application, including soil fundamental fertility, fertilization level, organic fertilizer type and climate condition. This study indicated that reducing the proportion of chemical fertilizer in the combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizer, on the premise of satisfying crop demand, could be the key measure to reduce environmental negative impact.

  The Difference and Influencing Factors of Phenol Release Amounts in Mainstream Smoke of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves 熊镇贵,马世明,,张浩,李德胜,聂建坤 and 刘应海 2017, 7 (7):  31-36.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17030045 Abstract + ( 1446 )   PDF ( 1226KB )   ( 1478 ) To define the differences and influencing factors of phenol release amounts in mainstream smoke of flue-cured tobacco leaves among different parts and different producing areas, tobacco leaves of three stem positions (upper, middle and lower) from five main tobacco producing areas of China were sampled, the release amounts of phenol in mainstream cigarette smoke and some chemical components of tobacco leaves were determined, variance analysis, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis were conducted. On the basis of correlation analysis, adding experiments with the chemical components which were highly correlated with phenol release amounts in mainstream cigarette smoke were done. Results showed that the flue-cured tobacco leaves from Huanghuai region had the highest phenol release amount in the mainstream cigarette smoke, the tobacco leaves from the southeast region had the second, and those from the other three tobacco regions had much lower phenol release amounts. The release amounts of phenol in the mainstream cigarette smoke from leaves of different stem positions had an order as: upper leaves> middle leaves> lower leaves. The release amount of phenol in the mainstream cigarette smoke had highly and significantly negative correlation with total sugar, reducing sugar, nonvolatile organic acids, hexane extract, K/Cl and pH value. The release amount of phenol in the mainstream cigarette smoke had highly and significantly positive correlation with nicotine, total alkaloids, volatile bases, total nitrogen, ammonia, free amino acid, chlorogenic acid, higher aliphatic acid and total solanesol. The release amount of phenol in the mainstream cigarette smoke had significantly positive correlation with cellulose, scopoletin, rutin, and had no obvious correlation with tobacco pectin and ether extract. The regression model of the phenol release amounts in the mainstream cigarette smoke was established by multiple regression analysis, which could explain 80.4% changes of the dependent variable, and could accurately predict the phenol release amount in mainstream smoke. Experimental results of sucrose, glucose, malic acid, citric acid, chlorogenic acid, nicotine and solanesol as additives were similar to the correlation analysis data. However, the experimental result of proline as the additive disagreed with the correlation analysis data.

  Identification Technology of Grape Variety and Its Application in Genetic Diversity Study 2017, 7 (7):  37-42.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17010012 Abstract + ( 836 )   PDF ( 1169KB )   ( 1760 ) Identification of grape varieties is a fundamental work for germplasm resources research and new varieties protection of grape. In order to provide technical support for the safety input and output of grape germplasm resources, the common technology in identification of grape varieties and its research progress in genetic diversity were summarized in this paper. The problems existing in the process of grape variety identification were summarized. We also analyzed the development trend of the molecular techniques in grape variety identification and forecasted varieties identification in future work.

  Contents of Macroelements and Trace Elements in Medicinal Plant Platycodon grandiflorum 2017, 7 (7):  43-46.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17010027 Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 1168KB )   ( 1407 ) The study aims to better develop Platycodon grandiflorum by comparing the elements content of different varieties. The contents of macroelement K, Ca, Na, Mg and trace element Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cr, Cd, Pb, V, Sn were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry using nitric acid as the digestion agent for microwave digestion. The macroelements and trace elements of Platycodon grandiflorum were compared among different growth years and different varieties. The results showed that K element gradually decreased, Ca element gradually increased, Na element first increased then decreased with the increase of growth years, and Mg element increased obviously in the third year. For the trace elements, the content of Cu decreased with the increase of growth years, the content of Fe, Co, Cr, Pb, V increased with the increase of growth years, the content of Sn first increased then decreased, and the content of the other five elements showed a variation of first decrease then increase. The contents of the fifteen elements in P. grandiflorum with pink flowers were significantly higher than those in P. grandiflorum with purple flowers except the content of Cd which was similar in both varieties.

  Regional Culture in City Park Landscape in Southeastern Shanxi 2017, 7 (7):  47-53.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17040007 Abstract + ( 872 )   PDF ( 1316KB )   ( 1487 ) The paper aims to solve the problem of the decline of the regional cultural landscape in urban construction, the urban park landscape was used as the experimental material, and the regional culture was classified according to the commonly used techniques of regional cultural design. Then, the regional cultural landscape of Changzhi and Jincheng City parks in Shanxi Province was studied by referring to the method of plant diversity. The results showed that the richness of regional culture was low, and the preservation of regional historical relics was absent. Although the recreation of regional culture domanited among the five catagories, the quantity, diversity and cultural expression of the recurrence of life scenes were the lowest. Moreover, the expression effects were quite well as to the recreation of regional culture and the inspiration of historical themes in study area, showing mainly as sculpture and feature wall with plenty of themes. But the expression of regional culture was monotonous in landscape elements. Furthermore, there were much more superficial features than in-depth exploit in the expression forms of regional culture.

  Structure and Arrangement of Plant Community of Riverside Forest Park: A Case Study of Yanqing Gui River Forest Park 2017, 7 (7):  54-62.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17010014 Abstract + ( 884 )   PDF ( 2124KB )   ( 1387 ) On the basis of the original vegetation, the major work of forest park is plant design, to creat a natural botanical garden atmosphere. According to a survey of Yanqing Gui River Forest Park, the structure and arrangement of plant community were discussed. The plant community of the park was mainly composed of indigenous tree species. The hierarchy of arbor, shrub and grass was clear and the plant species were rich. The park took ecology as a starting point, reflecting the beauty of plant group. Taking some typical plant spaces as example, the relationship between plants and roads and water was studied, providing references for plant arrangement of forest parks in the future.

  The Design and Research of New Rural Dwellings in the Central Region of Shandong Province 2017, 7 (7):  63-70.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17040015 Abstract + ( 763 )   PDF ( 3080KB )   ( 1279 ) Qilu culture originated from the central region of Shandong Province. To improve rural living environment by a method of architecture design, the authors aim to provide some references for the construction of“Beautiful Countryside”in the central region of Shandong Province. Based on field research and analysis, this paper summarizes the characteristics of traditional houses in countryside and investigates the problems in rural dwellings’construction. According to the investigation, a new method, which incorporates the site and multi-design techniques, is established for the construction of new rural dwellings. We suggest that under the context of“Beautiful Countryside”, cultural inherence and technological innovation should be paid more attention. Furthermore, the cultural inherence can be achieved by space planning and architecture design, and the technological innovation can be realized by the application of new technologies and new building materials.

  Effect of Composting Spent Mushroom Substrates of Agrocybe aegirit and Red Mud on Watermelon Seedling 2017, 7 (7):  71-76.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16110010 Abstract + ( 811 )   PDF ( 1222KB )   ( 1331 ) The effect of composting spent mushroom substrates of Agrocybe aegirit on watermelon plug seedling was studied. Two grain sizes of 3-5 mm and less than 3 mm of spent mushroom substrates from Agrocybe aegirit were adopted in this experiment, they were composited with red mud for watermelon plug seedling based on different proportions and the differences of each index of watermelon seedlings with different substrates were analyzed. It turned out that the index such as seedling rate, dry matter accumulation and strong seedling showed a rising tendency with the increase of volume proportion of spent mushroom substrates of Agrocybe aegirit in composited substrate. While various indexes of watermelon seedlings decreased when the volume proportion of spent mushroom substrates in composited substrate exceeded 70%. The substrate was fit for plug seedling of watermelon when the volume proportion of spent mushroom substrates in composited substrate kept at 70%, and the spent mushroom substrates with small grain size were more conducive to the growth of watermelon seedling compared with composited substrate with large grain size. Therefore, the substrate through composting spent mushroom substrates of Agrocybe aegirit and red mud could be used for watermelon plug seedling, with small grain sizes (<3 mm) and the proportion of spent mushroom substrates: red mud as 7:3.

  Cotton Nitrogen Nutrition Diagnosis Based on Digital Image 2017, 7 (7):  77-83.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16110031 Abstract + ( 1394 )   PDF ( 1243KB )   ( 1374 ) To provide a scientific basis for digital image processing technique in nitrogen diagnosis of cotton, a field experiment under different fertilization treatments was carried out to explore relationship between the color parameters (G, NRI, NGI, NBI, G/R and G/B) of cotton leaves at different positions and stem sap nitrate concentration, SPAD readings and Chlorophyll content, determine the best digital parameter and regression equation. A field experiment was conducted with different nitrogen application rates from 2012-2013 at the Experimental Farm of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Chosed xiangza8 as test cultivar. The pictures of cotton leaves were obtained with Nikon D80 digital camera at bud stage and boll forming stage, meanwhile, analyzed cotton sample of N status for determining the best color parameters and regression equations in cotton. The results showed that:(1) the correlation of stem sap nitrate content of inverse 3th leaf and NRI was best, R2=0.8754. And correlation of functional inverse 4th leaf was also good, R2=0.8013; (2)the SPAD readings and digital indicators had a good correlation of leaves at different positions except inverse 1st leaf. The best correlation was between inverse 2th leaf and NGI, the correlation coefficient was 0.9591; (3) as to the chlorophyll content, the correlation with B was the best of inverse first leaf, they had a positive curvilinear correlation, R2=0.9444. Followed by the inverse 3th leaf and 4th leaf, the correlation coefficients were 0.9294, 0.931. We should choose leaves of upper position which were inverse 1th, inverse 2th, inverse 3th and inverse 4th, and also select the color index B, NBI and NRI in cotton nitrogen nutrition diagnosis of leaves at different positions.

  Continuous High Temperature: the Climatic Characteristics and Its Impact on Agriculture in East of Hexi Corridor in Summer of 2010 2017, 7 (7):  84-89.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17010017 Abstract + ( 925 )   PDF ( 2212KB )   ( 1455 ) The paper aims to study the climatic characteristics and vantage point of forecast of the high temperature weather in East Hexi Corridor so as to improve the accuracy of high temperature forecast and to reduce the impact on agricultural production, high temperature of the East Hexi Corridor from July 17 to 30, 2010 was analyzed by means of synoptic and statistical method from the aspects of climatic characteristics, circulation patterns, physical quantities and its impact on agriculture, an early warning index of forecast was put forward. The results showed that the strength of high temperature and the days of duration were historical extremes in July 2010; Long duration of hot and dry weather as well as the strong and continuous stability of the continental warm high pressure was the main reasons for the continuous high temperature process. Sustained high temperature caused a significant decline in soil moisture, doubled the river flow, and greatly affected a variety of crop production.

  Service of Agricultural Technology Associations Under New Situation: Taking Jiangsu as an Example 2017, 7 (7):  90-93.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17020019 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 977KB )   ( 713 ) Under the new situation, science and technology service is an important public service product from agricultural technology associations. Take Jiangsu as an example, the advantages and disadvantages of the task of agricultural technology associations are analysis in this article. The ability to enhance the service ability of science and technology service is also put forward. The result shows that, agricultural technology associations have the characters of neutral position, professionalization, strong integration level, and feet on the ground work. At the same time, the weaknesses from government and public acceptance and self-ability construction and long regulatory regime are analysis.It is the trend that agricultural technology associations will participate in more science and technology service work.Finally the promotion suggestions such as standardize management, integrate resources, and increase efficiency are provide to promote the technology service, as well for policy recommendations formulating.

  The Role of Rural Grass-roots Organizations in Construction of Beautiful Villages in Metropolis Suburbs: A Survey of Two Villages in Miyun, Beijing 2017, 7 (7):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16120025 Abstract + ( 792 )   PDF ( 1156KB )   ( 1499 ) Beautiful village construction is the top-level design to realize the integration of urban and rural areas and to improve rural living environment. It is also an important part of ecological civilization construction. Beautiful village construction in the the metropolis suburbs is of great significance，not only for the conservation of the urban ecological environment, but also for the guarantee of the urban supply and the undertaking of urban resources and elements. Based on the field investigation of Caijiawa Village and Gubeikou Village in Miyun County, Beijing, the paper summarizes the experiences and problems in the construction of beautiful villages in the two regions. The paper points out that rural grass-roots organization play an important role in the construction of beautiful villages and promote the development from the bottom, which is endogenous motive force of rural green development. The paper also put forward policy recommendations for taking advantage of rural grassroots organizations to promote the construction of beautiful rural villages，including let the village elites play central roles in grass-roots organization, the implementation of the autonomy of villagers, promoting the endogenous formation of farmer cooperative organizations.