Current issue

• 2022 Vol.12 No.1 Published:20 January 2022

  Plant Type Characters of Maize with Different Genotypes: Heterosis Analysis WEI Xiaoyi, YANG Haifeng, WEI Feng, HONG Defeng, MA Junfeng, MA Yi, WANG Jiamu, SHI Dakun, HU Ning 2022, 12 (1):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0195 Abstract + ( 414 )   HTML ( 178 )   PDF ( 1195KB )   ( 373 ) In order to increase maize yield, suitable high-density planting variety has become the demand of maize breeding, and it plays an important role in improving the plant type characters of maize. Four maize hybrids and their parents were used as materials and ‘Zhengdan 958’ was used as the control. Plant type characters were investigated including plant height, ear height, stem diameter of the third internode, tassel length, tassel branching number, and leaf angle. LOV (leaf orientation value) and leaf area were measured, and the mid-parent heterosis value and heterobeltiosis value were calculated. The results showed that the leaf angle of ‘Xindan 61’, ‘Xindan 68’, ‘Xindan 65’ and ‘Xindan 58’ were smaller than that of their parents, and the lodging resistance of plants increased. The correlation of leaf shape and structure related characters of the five hybrids were analyzed, the results showed that the leaf length and leaf width were significantly and positively correlated with leaf area, and the leaf angle and leaf area were significantly and negatively or highly significantly and negatively correlated with leaf direction. There was heterosis in plant height, ear height and leaf area of ‘Xindan 61’, tassel length of ‘Xindan 68’, stem diameter of the third internode of ‘Xindan 65’and LOV of ‘Xindan 58’. Therefore, to form a strong dominant hybrid combination with suitable plant height and ear height and compact plant type, it is necessary to increase the selection pressure on these plant type characters.

  High-oleic Peanut Varieties in Sichuan: Introduction Trial XU Yongju, YE Xiao, HOU Rui, LI Shuang, ZHANG Xiaojun, YUE Fuliang, ZHANG Xiangqiong, LIU Xing, LI Wenjun, ZHANG Xiaohong 2022, 12 (1):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0104 Abstract + ( 279 )   HTML ( 109 )   PDF ( 1095KB )   ( 278 ) The aim is to promote the industrial development of high-oleic peanut in Sichuan by selecting high-oleic peanut varieties which could adapt to the local ecological environment rapidly and exploring high-oleic peanut germplasm resources of high quality. 16 varieties of local or introduced high-oleic peanut were tested. The economic characters, yield, growth characteristic, resistance and single-plant yield were compared by sample survey and data analysis method. ‘Zhonghua 415’, ‘Jihua 13’, ‘Yuhua 37’, ‘Kainong 1760’ and ‘Jihua 16’ had an outstanding performance in pod size, full pod rate, kernel percentage, 100-pod mass, yield and taste; ‘Zhonghua 415’, ‘Yuhua 37’, ‘Huayu 961’, ‘Jihua 13’ and ‘Jihua 16’ had a well performance in branching number, seedling emergence rate, growth vigour and resistance; ‘Kainong 1760’, ‘Jihua 13’, ‘Jihua 16’, ‘Yuhua 37’ and ‘Zhonghua 415’ had an excellent performance in total pod number per plant, full pod number, full pod rate and yield per plant. The introduced varieties such as ‘Jihua 13’, Jihua 16’, ‘Yuhua 37’and ‘Zhonghua 415’ with good characters should be promoted for further demonstration, and it still takes some time for the varieties introduced from other provinces to adapt to local ecological environment in Sichuan.

  Total Nitrogen in Plough Layer Soil in Northwest Hubei: Spatial Variability and Influencing Factors Muhtar·AMAT , ZHOU Yong, WU Zhengxiang 2022, 12 (1):  12-21.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0103 Abstract + ( 351 )   HTML ( 109 )   PDF ( 2476KB )   ( 240 ) The objective is to understand the spatial variation of total nitrogen and its main influencing factors in plough layer soil of northwest Hubei Province. The geostatistics, stepwise regression method and GIS technology were used in the study. The results show that: (1) the average nitrogen content of Shiyan City is 1.12 g/kg, and the total nitrogen content of plough layer soil is relatively high, with a variation coefficient of 0.49 among the 701 sampling sites, the degree of variation is moderate; (2) the best model for spatial variability of soil total nitrogen is Gaussian model, and the nugget effect value is 48.09%; total nitrogen has strong spatial variability and is affected by the sharing of random factors and structural factors; (3) the total nitrogen content of the plough layer soil in Shiyan City has obvious difference in spatial distribution, areas in the south, west, southwest and southeast have high total nitrogen content, but areas in the east, northeast and northwest have low total nitrogen content, the north-south direction variation is the most obvious and the difference is large; (4) total nitrogen has a positive correlation with organic matter, elevation, and effective soil thickness, and has a negative correlation with soil pH; there is more total nitrogen in plough layer soil such as clay, brown soil, paddy fields, alluvial deposits of rivers and lakes, quaternary alluvial deposits, double cropping and rice planting soils, there is less total nitrogen in sandy soil, purple soil, purple rock weathering materials, fruit planting soil, wheat soil, and soil under sprinkler irrigation; (5) the influence degree of ten factors on total nitrogen is ranked as soil environment > soil parent material > maturity > biodiversity > crop species > soil texture > soil type > terrain > land use mode > irrigation method, and the first five factors are the dominant factors affecting the spatial differentiation of total nitrogen. In future agricultural production, it is necessary to appropriately increase the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the river valley and mountain valley, the double cropping area, the red sandstone weathering and the purple rock weathering zone, and the areas with less organic matter content area. Biodiversity needs to be protected and the impact of human activities on soil quality should be highlighted, and crop rotation could be adopted to improve the quality and production capacity of cultivated land.

  Development Status of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers and Their Application Prospects in Agricultural Production ZHAI Caijiao, CUI Shiyou, ZHANG Jiao, HU Anyong, HUANG Zhaoping, CHENG Yujing 2022, 12 (1):  22-27.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0028 Abstract + ( 679 )   HTML ( 36 )   PDF ( 1140KB )   ( 809 ) The important direction of fertilizer development in the 21st century is on slow/controlled release fertilizers which are of great significance to maintain China’s food security, improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, and realize the coordinated development of agricultural production and ecology. Meanwhile, slow/controlled release fertilizers can save cost and energy, and increase efficiency and reduce emissions. Based on the summary of the definition, action mechanism and research status of slow/controlled release fertilizers, we expounded the application effects of slow/controlled release fertilizers in agricultural production and the existing problems in their popularization and application. Then we put forward some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Finally, the development prospects of slow/controlled release fertilizers were discussed. The results will provide a theoretical basis for the study on slow/controlled release fertilizers.

  Identification of Characteristics and SSR Molecular Markers of A New Flue-cured Tobacco Strain ‘Shiliuyan’ LI Xianfu, YANG Hui, AN Xueqin, WANG Chenzijun, DAI Xiumei, ZHANG Jiankui 2022, 12 (1):  28-34.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200290 Abstract + ( 311 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1560KB )   ( 211 ) The objective is to breed new varieties of flue-cured tobacco, improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves and meet the needs of tobacco production. A new flue-cured tobacco strain ‘Shiliuyan’ was selected from the local tobacco varieties planted in Shiqian County of Guizhou Province. Using the main commercial varieties ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan87’ as control, the botanical characters, agronomic traits, economic characters, appearance quality, physical indexes, chemical components and sensory evaluation quality of tobacco leaves of ‘Shiliuyan’ were evaluated through field tests and laboratory quality tests of three consecutive years. The SSR molecular markers of ‘Shiliuyan’ were also established. The results showed that the number of effective leaves per plant of ‘Shiliuyan’ was 24, 3 leaves more than ‘K326’ and 5 leaves more than ‘Yunyan87’, respectively. The economic indicators of ‘Shiliuyan’, including the yield of 2233.4 kg/hm2, average price of 24.47 Yuan/kg, production value of 54434.2 Yuan/hm2, the rate of superior grade leaves of 51.11%, the rate of superior and middle grade leaves of 94.81%, were better than those of ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan87’. The color of tobacco leaves of ‘Shiliuyan’ was lemon yellow, and the strain had good appearance quality, good coordination of chemical components and better sensory evaluation quality than those of the control. The SSR molecular marker primer PT3024 and PT40021 could stably amplify specific bands among ‘Shiliuyan’, ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan87’. In brief, ‘Shiliuyan’ is a new flue-cured tobacco strain with high yield and good quality of tobacco leaves.

  The Change Rule of Chlorophyll Content of Different Cigar Varieties During Field Growth Period LEI Yunkang, ZHONG Qiu, WANG Jun, XIANG Huan, ZOU Yuhang, ZHANG Huashu, LI Chengran, WANG Youwei 2022, 12 (1):  35-38.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0201 Abstract + ( 403 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1137KB )   ( 266 ) To clarify the characteristics of main cigar varieties in Deyang, SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter was used to determine the chlorophyll content of four local main varieties during the field growth period, and the changes of chlorophyll content in different varieties, different periods, different leaf positions and different positions on leaf were analyzed. The results showed that the total chlorophyll content of the four varieties were similar. The chlorophyll contents of ‘Dexue 5’ and ‘Dexue 7’ were higher than those of ‘Dexue 1’ and ‘Dexue 3’. The content of chlorophyll increased first and then decreased in field growth period, and reached the highest point about 37 days after transplanting, and the lowest point was found 82 days after transplanting. The chlorophyll content in different leaf positions of different varieties increased with the increase of leaf position, and the chlorophyll content of different positions on leaf showed the rule of leaf tip> the middle of leaf > leaf base. After topping, the chlorophyll content of ‘Dexue 7’ showed a certain specificity, and there was a time difference of entering maturity for about 13 days among ‘Dexue 1’, ‘Dexue 5’ with ‘Dexue 3’ and ‘Dexue 7’. The results show the change rule of chlorophyll content of the four cigar varieties during the field growth period, and can provide a theoretical basis for production management and tobacco harvest.

  Effects of Biochar-based Organic Fertilizers on Biological Characters, Soil Nutrients and Microbial Communities of Cucurbita pepo ZHAO Yanmin, LIANG Yuhong, LIU Qiguang, YANG Shubao, HAN Zhenying, ZHENG Bo, YUE Peng, LI Mingwei 2022, 12 (1):  39-44.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0141 Abstract + ( 334 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 2001KB )   ( 378 ) To determine the effects of biochar-based organic fertilizers on the biological characters, fruit quality, soil nutrients and microbial communities of Cucurbita pepo in northwest Hebei, three treatments with different fertilization levels were carried out with C. pepo ‘Zaoqingyidai’. Compared with the no fertilization (control), biochar-based organic fertilizers could significantly increase plant height and stem diameter of C. pepo. Meantime, soil nutrients and microbial communities, and the content of P, K and organic matter in soil were also improved. The fertilization treatment of 1500 kg/hm2 was the best in the study, under which, the plant height and stem diameter increased obviously, which were 22.8% and 16.7% more than those of control, respectively. The macro-genome sequencing results showed that biochar-based organic fertilizers could increase the relative abundance of Ascomycetes fungi expression, decrease the relative abundance of Sporomycetes fungi expression. The Russula was newly added. In the fertilization treatment of 1000 kg/hm2, the OTU number of rhizosphere soil microorganism was the most and reached 811. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the application of biochar-based organic fertilizers in the production of C. pepo in northwest Hebei.

  Comparison Study of 6 Kinds of Tomato Leaf Epidermis Slice Techniques SONG Yanbo, YANG Yunhao, DUAN Pengjun, WANG Jiahao, WEI Siqing, ZHANG Yalong 2022, 12 (1):  45-52.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0093 Abstract + ( 420 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 4364KB )   ( 634 ) This paper adopted six kinds of leaf epidermis slice techniques to treat lower epidermis of tomato leaves considering their structural characteristics, and compared the preparation process and observation effect of different techniques. The results show that tomato leaves are thin, the epidermis is single-layer cell with abundant epidermal hairs, and the lower epidermis is adjacent to the loose spongy tissue. Static characteristics, such as dynamic behavior of stomatal size, density and stomatal aperture, could be observed by skin peeling method and cellophane tape sticking method. Due to the softness of tomato leaves, the scraping method is extremely demanding to operate, and dissociation method is time-consuming and has poor effect, both the techniques are not suitable for the slice production of tomato leaf epidermis. Tearable nail oil blotting method could obtain the imprint of stomatal index and stomatal aperture, while the leaves would be damaged certainly. Silica gel-nail polish two-stage blotting method has no damage to the leaves, the same part of the same leaf could be imprinted continuously without scathe, and in this way, the dynamic behavior like stomatal movement and stomatal development could be observed continuously. The results could provide a basis for selecting suitable tomato leaf epidermis preparation methods for different research purposes.

  Fruit Quality of Three Medium Ripening Apple Varieties SUN Yanxia, SONG Laiqing, ZHAO Lingling, ZHANG Xueyong, LIU Daliang, JIANG Fudong, LIU Xueqing, TANG Yan 2022, 12 (1):  53-59.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0287 Abstract + ( 324 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1218KB )   ( 253 ) The paper aims to adjust the planting structure of apple varieties, enrich the medium mature apple varieties in Shandong Province, and promote the healthy development of regional fruit industry. The contents of general quality, volatile aroma compounds, hydrolyzed amino acids, total flavonoids, tannin, vitamin and six phenolic acids were determined by using ‘Liangxiang’, ‘Hongjiangjun’ and ‘Ganhong’ as test materials. The results showed that the average single fruit weight, fruit shape index, fruit hardness and soluble solid content of ‘Ganhong’ were the highest among the three varieties; the three varieties were all ester flavor apples, with little difference in aroma components, but significant difference in relative percentage content. Esters, alkenes and alcohols accounted for 29.67%, 22.39% and 25.77% respectively in ‘Ganhong’. ‘Ganhong’ had the most kinds of hydrolytic amino acids and with the highest content which was up to 9256.37 mg/kg. The content of total flavonoids and vitamin C in ‘Liangxiang’ were the highest, 0.044 g/100 g and 37.99 mg/kg, respectively, and the content of total flavonoids and vitamin C in ‘Ganhong’ were the lowest, 0.010 g/100 g and 10.81 mg/kg, respectively, but the content of tannin and vitamin E in ‘Ganhong’ were the highest, 840.8 mg/kg and 2.59 mg/kg, respectively, and the tannin content of ‘Hongjiangjun’ was the lowest. The vitamin E content of ‘Liangxiang’ was the lowest, and there was great content difference among the varieties, but with no obvious regularity. The content of vitamin A, vitamin D2 and D3, vitamin B1, B2, B3 and B6 and 6 phenolic acids (gallic acid, coumaric acid, catechol, catechin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid) in the fruits of the three varieties were too low to be detected.

  Study on Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Tilia amurensis LI Qinghua, WANG Yinhua, KONG Yuguang, YAO Junxiu, LU Yizeng, YAN Liping, WU Dejun, REN Fei, GE Wenhua 2022, 12 (1):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200200029 Abstract + ( 360 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF ( 1233KB )   ( 255 ) To explore the establishment of tissue culture and rapid propagation system of Tilia amurensis, the effects of basic medium, plant growth regulator concentration and ratio on tissue culture and rapid propagation of T. amurensis were studied. The results show that 1/2MS medium is the most suitable medium for proliferation, and the proliferation coefficient could reach 13.5 when 0.05 mg/L 6-BA and 0.03 mg/L IBA are added. MS medium is the most suitable medium for strong seedling and rooting, the best medium for strong seedling is MS+ 0.1 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.1 mg/L IBA+ 0.03 mg/L GA3, with an average seedling height of 5.15 cm. The best rooting medium is MS+ 1.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.05 mg/L NAA, the rooting rate is 93.3%, and the number of roots is 5.7.

  Advances on Cultivation Modes of Amorphophallus konjac in China JIN Xin, HE Cui, ZENG Xu 2022, 12 (1):  65-69.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0095 Abstract + ( 474 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF ( 1088KB )   ( 498 ) In this paper, the demand characteristics of konjac growth environment were summarized. The research progress in recent years on cultivation modes of konjac in China such as yard cultivation, monoculture, intercropping cultivation in field with other crops, understory cultivation, rotation cultivation and protected cultivation were reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the above cultivation modes were analyzed. It is proposed that, in the future, the konjac germplasm resources should be collected, identified, evaluated and utilized extensively, new cultivation modes of intercropping and rotation should be constructed, the mechanization and automation level of konjac cultivation should be improved, the cultivation area of konjac should be expanded, and organic cultivation mode should be established, so as to enrich the cultivation modes of konjac.

  Investigation and Analysis on Sugar Beet Production Mechanization in Heilongjiang Province LIU Qi, WANG Jingfei, LU Bingfu, ZHANG Wenbin, LIU Xiaoxue 2022, 12 (1):  70-73.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200100003 Abstract + ( 272 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 966KB )   ( 228 ) The important way to improve the comparative advantage of sugar beet is to realize the mechanization of sugar beet production and reduce the production cost under the situation of high agricultural labor cost. Through the investigation of sugar beet growers in Heilongjiang Province in 2018, the relevant data were sorted out and analyzed to master the mechanization of sugar beet production. The survey showed that sugar beet growers on average had 1.62 tractors and 1.67 farm implements per household in Heilongjiang Province. The tractors were mostly small and medium-sized, there were insufficient large-horsepower tractors and supporting farm implements, and the lack of sugar beet harvesting machinery was serious. The mechanization level of sugar beet production had reached 89.71%, lower than 96.93% of soybean and 91.89% of maize. There were three main modes of sugar beet mechanized cultivation, i.e. self-owned agricultural machine cultivation, substitution cultivation by machine owners, self-owned agricultural machine cultivation plus substitution cultivation by machine owners. The main mode was self-owned agricultural machine plus substitution cultivation by machine owners, accounting for 84.54%, and there were fewer sugar beet growers who relied solely on self-owned machine or substitution cultivation by machine owners, which accounting for 11.34% and 4.12%, respectively. To realize the steady development of sugar beet industry, it is necessary to vigorously develop the mechanization of sugar beet production, realize the substitution of manpower with machinery, and improve the comparative benefit of sugar beet.

  Research Advances on the Application of the Internet of Things Technology in Kelp Seedling Cultivation WANG Haimo, YU Hang, ZHU Shaozhang, ZHANG Qiyu, LIU Feng, WANG Chengguo 2022, 12 (1):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0081 Abstract + ( 332 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF ( 1284KB )   ( 375 ) Kelp (Laminaria japonica) is a large perennial edible algae variety, and the cultivation of its seedlings is the basic step in kelp production. It is an inevitable choice to achieve the transformation and upgrading of kelp seedling cultivation by combining it with the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Based on related research results, the concept and key technologies of the IoT technology are described to elaborate the development status of agricultural IoT and the typical framework of kelp seedling cultivation monitoring system, and the application of the IoT technology in the process of kelp seedling cultivation of the past few years are summarized. Based on the discussion and analysis of the existing problems, the countermeasures are put forward, such as improving the informatization level of kelp seedling industry, reinforcing the research and development ability of related technologies and hardware and software facilities, and strengthening the guiding and promoting role of the government, which can provide reference for the development of intelligent production mode of kelp seedling.

  Blooming Period of Rape in Xuancheng: Analysis and Prediction HU Anxia, TIAN Qing, WANG Dalin 2022, 12 (1):  80-83.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0159 Abstract + ( 283 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1240KB )   ( 279 ) To accurately predict the blooming period of rape and carry out the meteorological service more effectively, the authors selected the temperature, precipitation, sunshine and other observation data of rape from 1990 to 2019 in Xuancheng of Anhui Province, and used SPSS and Excel software based on the Mann-Kendall method, to analyze the relationship between common flowering characteristics and period with meteorological factors. The results showed that the average blooming period of rape in the past 30 years was March 20 in Xuancheng, the interannual variation changed significantly, the difference between the earliest and the latest date was more than one month, and the overall trend was ahead of time with a rate of 2.7 d/10 a. The start of the mutation was around 2013. The blooming period of rape in Xuancheng was significantly and negatively correlated with the average temperature in January, February and the whole winter, as well as the active accumulated temperature ≥3℃, but it had little correlation with precipitation and sunshine. Based on the study, the prediction model of rape blooming period was established by stepwise regression. After a retrospective test, the minimum error of prediction value was 0 d, and the maximum error was 11 d, so the effect was generally good.

  The Formation History of Anthropogenic Soils in Guanzhong Plain DU Juan 2022, 12 (1):  84-89.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0096 Abstract + ( 281 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF ( 1186KB )   ( 632 ) Lou soil is the major agricultural soil in Guanzhong region. The formation of Lou soil was influenced by farming activities such as cultivation, fertilization and irrigation, and every change of agricultural production technology would cause the change of the utilization mode and intensity of soil. Through the analysis of historical documents, the historical formation process of Guanzhong anthropogenic soil, and the interaction between agricultural technology change and soil evolution were studied in the paper. The results showed that since the beginning of primitive agriculture, the natural cognition of soil environment and crops had promoted the formation of early soil ploughing layer. With the extension and development of agricultural technology, the force applied to soil gradually increased, so that the human influence became an important element of soil formation and accelerated the formation of anthropogenic soil in Guanzhong. The ancient agricultural production technologies such as soil moisture conservation, fertilizer added with loess and basin irrigation were the main driving factors of agricultural soil formation.

  The Regional Comparative Advantages of Vegetable Production in Yunnan Province MAO Zhaoqing, LI Liang, CHEN Liangzheng, WANG Xuejiao 2022, 12 (1):  90-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0241 Abstract + ( 350 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF ( 1375KB )   ( 273 ) To clarify the regional comparative advantages of vegetable production is of great significance to the sustainable development of vegetable industry in Yunnan. Based on relevant data of vegetable planting area, yield and agricultural output value in Yunnan from 2001 to 2018, the concentration index, comprehensive comparative advantage index and resource endowment coefficient of vegetable production in 16 prefectures and cities of Yunnan were calculated, to study the regional comparative advantages of vegetable production and explore the planting resource endowment of different vegetable types in different prefectures and cities. The results showed that the vegetable production in Yunnan presented an increasing trend, and the concentration degree was stable. From the regional perspective, the comprehensive comparative advantages of central, western and southern Yunnan were significant. From the perspective of prefectures and cities, the comprehensive comparative advantages of Kunming, Yuxi, Chuxiong, Honghe and Dali were more obvious. From the perspective of main vegetable types, cucurbitaceous vegetables in the whole province had obvious comparative advantages, and leaf vegetables and scallions and garlic in central Yunnan, tubers in northeast Yunnan, cucurbitaceous vegetables and eggplants in southern Yunnan had comparative advantages, and the five major vegetable types all had comparative advantages in Kunming, Honghe, Yuxi, Chuxiong, Zhaotong and Wenshan. To speed up the development of vegetable industry in Yunnan, this paper put forward some countermeasures, such as further optimizing the regional layout of vegetable industry, improving the facilities and equipment of circulation channel, and giving full play to the exemplary role of leading enterprises.