Current issue

• 2023 Vol.13 No.2 Published:20 February 2023

  The New Mung Bean Variety ‘Fen Mung Bean No.4’ with Tolerance to Drought and Continuous Cropping: Breeding Research WANG Caiping, HOU Xiaofeng, SONG Ruijun, WANG Hongwei, CHENG Yuhong, WANG Jinghua, LING Xuwei, LIU Jing 2023, 13 (2):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0183 Abstract + ( 274 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF ( 1032KB )   ( 183 ) In order to breed new mung bean variety with strong adaptability, drought tolerance and continuous cropping tolerance, ‘Jin mung bean No. 4’ and ‘Tongyu mung bean’ were taken as the female parent and the male parent respectively for hybridization in the Institute of Industrial Crops, Shanxi Agricultural University in 2008. ‘Fen mung bean No. 4’ was bred by the way of ‘continuous planting high pressure stress method’ in the generational directive breeding process. In the production test, the yield of ‘Fen mung bean No.4’ was 11.1% higher than that of ‘Jin mung bean No.3’, and the variety was approved by the Shanxi Crop Variety Approval Committee in January 2021. The new variety ‘Fen mung bean No.4’ has good nutritional characteristics, such as high protein, low fat, medium starch, etc. At the same time, the functional components (such as vitexin and isovitexin) could provide medicated diet function. The breeding of the new variety provides a choice for medicine homologous food.

  Breeding of Single-Cross Hybrid Maize ‘Xundan 658’ ZHANG Zhifang, ZHANG Shoulin, ZHANG Sujuan, ZHANG Huiyu, LI Changjian 2023, 13 (2):  5-9.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0187 Abstract + ( 733 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF ( 1146KB )   ( 366 ) The new maize variety ‘Xundan 658’ was bred by Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences by using ‘Xun 58’ as female parent and ‘Xun G6Y62’ as male parent. In 2020, the variety was approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee, and in 2021, the variety was approved by Henan Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee. The results of multi-year and multi-site tests showed that the new maize variety could adapt to the climate change trend of Huang-Huai-Hai plain and had the characteristics of strong stress resistance, high density tolerance, stable and high yield, good seed setting ability, superior quality and high starch content, and could be used for both grain and forage. As a whole, in order to provide a reference model for maize breeding in Huang-Huai-Hai plain under the new climate condition, the study expounded the breeding process, variety characteristics, yield performance and production application of ‘Xundan 658’. In addition, based on the variety’s characteristics of stress resistance, density tolerance and yield stability, the enlightenment on resistance breeding, selection process and breeding goal was discussed.

  Comprehensive Identification and Evaluation of Buckwheat Germplasm Resources in Hilly and Gully Area of Northern Shaanxi LIU Xiaojin, WANG Gaigai, LI Qian, WANG Jinming, YANG Xia, TAN Aiping, LI Haitao 2023, 13 (2):  10-14.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0170 Abstract + ( 177 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1112KB )   ( 151 ) In order to excavate and utilize excellent buckwheat germplasm resources, select buckwheat varieties suitable for planting in the hilly and gully areas of northern Shaanxi, and provide a basis for buckwheat production, processing and application, in this study, seven sweet buckwheat varieties introduced and collected were used as test materials. Through three consecutive years of different regional trials, the phenological phase, agronomic traits, stress resistance and economic yield of the varieties were identified and evaluated. The results showed that the growth period of the tested varieties was 68-76 days, which belonged to early-maturing varieties; the plant height was 124.5-143.6 cm, the number of main stem branches was 3.3-4.4, the number of main stem nodes was 12.2-14.3, the flower color was white and pink, the grain shape was short pyramid, and the grain color was brown. Except that ‘TQ17-01’ mature grains had color conformity, the heterochromatic rate of mature grains of other varieties was 5%-10%, and all the tested varieties showed strong drought resistance and adaptability. The grain weight per plant of the tested varieties was 7.0-12.9 g, the thousand-grain weight was 21.0-27.6 g, and the yield was 1315.0-1742.3 kg/hm2.Through identification and evaluation, three excellent resources, ‘TQ17-03’ (‘Xinong T1351’), ‘Yantianqiao 1’ (CK) and ‘TQ17-05’ (‘Ansaipingqiao buckwheat’), were screened out. Among the three varieties, ‘TQ17-03’ had bright red flowers, stems and leaves, long ornamental period and could be planted as an ornamental plant in cultural tourism areas; ‘Yantianqiao 1’ had good quality and strong adaptability, and was suitable for processing flavor snacks and food; ‘TQ17-05’ had high grain weight per plant, high thousand-grain weight, strong resistance to stress and great potential for increasing yield, and it could be promoted for large scale planting. The study could provide a basis for selection, production and processing of buckwheat varieties in the hilly and gully areas of northern Shaanxi.

  Integrated Practical Technologies of Green Prevention and Control of Pests and Diseases in Rice Cultivation ZHANG Junxi, CHENG Xiaosong, KONG Lingjun, GE Zhaojian, PENG Qing, WANG Kai, LI Hongyang, GU Huiling, GAO Bo, SUN Xingxing, HU Jixiang, JIANG Yingjie, WANG Fan 2023, 13 (2):  15-19.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0181 Abstract + ( 291 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1188KB )   ( 214 ) Since the beginning of the 21st century, the green prevention and control of rice pests and diseases (GPCRPD) has become a hotspot in the agricultural science and technology field. In this study, we summarized our continuous research relevant to the GPCRPD for decades in Jiangsu Province, and sorted out the practices of GPCRPD in production, including agricultural control measures (seed selection and quarantine, bacterial source cleaning, pest source control, culture control, etc.), biological control measures (pest control by natural enemies, biological pesticide application, etc.), and chemical control measures (seed treatment and the application at seedling stage, tillering stage, jointing stage, before heading, heading stage and grain filling and setting stage). A concise table of practical technologies of the GPCRPD was formulated to provide certain reference for peers to increase the implementation rate of the GPCRPD.

  Research Advances in Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Phytoremediation WANG Saiyi, WANG Yijun, ZHAO Yazhou, HOU Yanqi 2023, 13 (2):  20-23.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0169 Abstract + ( 685 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF ( 1103KB )   ( 417 ) With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, soil heavy metal pollution has been an environmental problem with common concern at home and abroad, and has seriously threatened the stability of the earth’s ecosystem and the safety of human life. Therefore, it is urgent to solve such a problem. Based on the introduction of the current situation of soil heavy metal pollution, the paper summarized the effects of soil heavy metals on plants, introduced the phytoremediation mechanism of soil heavy metals and the advances in the research of soil heavy metal phytoremediation. The paper put forward the research orientation in the future: hyperaccumulators should be selected to lay a foundation for the research on the phytoremediation mechanism of soil heavy metal pollution; the effects of microorganisms on phytoremediation should be the research focus; the research on woody plants should be strengthened, especially the research on the ability of indigenous plants with strong tolerance to soil heavy metal pollution; and the research on the safe recovery and rational utilization of hyperaccumulators after their withering should be conducted.

  Research Progress on Enzymes and Microorganisms for Biodegradation of Lignocelluloses from Crop Straw ZHANG Gen, CHEN Baorui, CHEN Tao, XIE Yiyin, XUE Yinghao, WEI Zheng 2023, 13 (2):  24-32.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0193 Abstract + ( 528 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF ( 1467KB )   ( 314 ) As the byproduct of agricultural production, crop straw is an important renewable resource. Previous studies have shown that the main component of crop straw is lignocellulose. Some microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi can produce certain enzymes that are capable to degrade lignocellulose. The present study summarized the types and degradation mechanisms of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, and reviewed the reported microbial species which could degrade rice, wheat and corn straw. In addition, this study analyzed the shortcomings of the identified single microorganism strain and microbial complex for commercial application, and discussed the perspectives and directions of future research. The review will provide reference for screening novel high-quality lignocellulose degradation microorganisms and developing cellulose-degrading microorganisms for resource utilization of crop straw.

  Effects of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Carrot Growth and Quality Under Tape for Direct Sowing Mode XU Chen, LIU Shuguang, LIU Huijun, YIN Baoquan, MA Yunfei, ZHANG Mei 2023, 13 (2):  33-36.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0172 Abstract + ( 194 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1195KB )   ( 131 ) The effects of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid on the growth and quality of carrot under tape for direct sowing were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of 5-aminolevulinic acid on carrot. ‘Kuroda 5 Inch Ginseng’ carrot was used as the test material, and tape for direct sowing of carrot was adopted. Different concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 100 mg/L) of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) solution were sprayed to the leaves. After harvest, the yield and quality of carrot were evaluated by measuring the root length, root diameter, root weight, leaf length, and the content of chlorophyll, soluble protein, soluble solids and carotene. The results indicated that 10-50 mg/L ALA could increase the plant height and chlorophyll content of carrot leaves, and the root weight, root length, root diameter and dry matter content increased by 73.05%, 15.56%, 18.75% and 25.31%, respectively, compared with those of control (without ALA application). In addition, relatively low concentration of ALA increased the content of soluble solids, soluble protein and carotene in the fleshy taproot of carrot, while relatively high concentration of ALA inhibited the growth of carrot and reduced the quality of the fleshy taproot. 50 mg/L ALA had the best performance in promoting the growth and quality of carrot, and the study could provide reference for carrot production practice.

  Effects of Growth Regulators on Softwood Cutting of Five New Varieties of Fraxinus WANG Yinhua, Yan Liping, WU Dejun, LIU Cuilan, LI Qinghua 2023, 13 (2):  37-42.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0171 Abstract + ( 180 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1363KB )   ( 138 ) To realize the large-scale production of excellent varieties of Fraxinus, the effects of three kinds of plant growth regulators, IBA, ABT1 and NAA, on the softwood cutting of five new varieties of Fraxinus were studied by using the random block test method. The results showed that different treatments were suitable for different varieties. The rooting rate, total root number and adventitious root length of cutting seedlings of various varieties were comprehensively evaluated by membership function method, and the results showed that treatment No.1 (soaking in 200 mg/L IBA for 20 min) was most suitable for ‘Jinjian’ and ‘Yanla’, treatment No.3 (soaking in 200 mg/L ABT1 for 20 min) was most suitable for ‘Lula Wuhao’ softwood cutting, treatment No.4 (soaking in 1000 mg/L ABT1 for 1 min) was most suitable for ‘Qingbi’, and treatment No.5 (soaking in 200 mg/L NAA for 20 min) was most suitable for ‘Huaxiong’. The cutting seedling indexes of the five new varieties of Fraxinus were compared and the results showed that the differences of rooting rate, total root number and adventitious root length among different varieties were very significant. The order of average rooting rate from high to low was ‘Yanla’> ‘Qingbi’> ‘Jinjian’ > ‘Huaxiong’> ‘Lula Wuhao’; the total root number of ‘Qingbi’ was the most, which was 13.1; the adventitious root length of ‘Lula Wuhao’ was the longest, which was 9.4 cm.

  Multi-factor Irrigation Scheme of Cherry Tomato Based on Substrate Moisture YUE Huanfang, LI Chao, AN Shunwei, MENG Fanyu, HU Xiaoyi, ZHANG Haifang, ZHANG Ningning, WANG Meng 2023, 13 (2):  43-49.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0185 Abstract + ( 201 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1425KB )   ( 153 ) The paper aims to achieve accurate and intelligent water and fertilizer management, reduce the amount of irrigation and fertilizer, and improve the quality of fruit. The irrigation decision-making and control system was constructed, and the irrigation scheme was based on light radiation, moisture and return solution conductivity. Cherry tomato was taken as the experimental object, three field application parameters were set to verify the application effect of the decision-making system. The fruit biomass, yield and quality of cherry tomato were determined. The results showed that the irrigation decision-making and control system worked normally during the growth period of cherry tomato. It could replace the manual management effectively. When the threshold of light radiation activation reached 200, 400 and 100 J/cm2 at seedling stage, flowering stage and fruiting stage respectively, irrigation was activated. The single irrigation amount was calculated from the difference between 80% of the upper limit of substrate relative water content and the real-time relative water content. When the EC difference between irrigation solution and return solution was greater than 1.0 mS/cm, the irrigation volume was increased by 1.3 times. The tomato plants in this treatment were stronger, the amount of irrigation and fertilizer was the least, the production efficiency of water and fertilizer was enhanced, and the fruit quality was improved. It is suitable for field application in cherry tomato cultivation with coconut bran.

  Screening of Rootstock Varieties for Watermelon in Jiangsu MENG Rui, GONG Weiming, CAO Ni, SU Hengshan 2023, 13 (2):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0173 Abstract + ( 196 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1526KB )   ( 184 ) The paper aims to improve the watermelon grafting cultivation level in Jiangsu and solve the problem in watermelon continuous cropping. The self-rooted seedlings of ‘Zaojia 8424’ were used as negative control and ‘Jingxinzhen 2’ grafted seedlings were used as positive control, and grafted seedlings of ‘Jingxizhen 9’, ‘Jingxinzhen Guan’, ‘Jingxinzhen Wang’, ‘Jingxinzhen Qiang’, ‘Jingxinzhen You’, ‘Heli 7’, ‘ZM9002’, ‘Qianggen’, ‘SYN650’, ‘SYN004’, and ‘Ribenxuesong’ were used as treatment groups. The effects of different rootstock varieties on the grafting affinity, plant growth status, disease resistance, yield and fruit traits of watermelon were investigated. The grafting survival rate of all the grafted seedlings was good, grafting improved the growth, disease resistance, yield and fruit soluble sugar content of ‘Zaojia 8424’, but grafting had different effects on fruit texture and flavor. ‘Jingxinzhen Qiang’ and ‘SYN004’ had the best performance in Jiangsu, which had good grafting affinity and obvious improvement on plant growth and yield, and no adverse effect on fruit quality. These two rootstock varieties are recommended as special rootstock for watermelon ‘Zaojia 8424’ grafting in Jiangsu.

  Investigation on Bee Pollination Status in Facility Agriculture in Shanxi Province GAO Fei, LI Lixin, ZHI Haiying, SHEN Jinshan, ZHANG Jiangchao, CHEN Min, MA Weihua 2023, 13 (2):  55-59.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0167 Abstract + ( 197 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1088KB )   ( 153 ) To understand the current situation of bee pollination in facility agriculture in Shanxi Province, the application of bee pollination, the use of pesticides and the problems in the application of bee pollination technology were investigated in 8 cities such as Yuncheng, Xinzhou and Lvliang, and 13 counties such as Linyi and Yuanping by three methods of on-the-spot visit, on-the-spot survey, and telephone interview. The results show that the pollination patterns in facility agriculture are diversified, including bee pollination, artificial pollination of male flowers to female flowers by hand, artificial pollination by spraying hormone, mechanical pollination, etc. Melons and fruits cultivated in facility agriculture require more bee pollination. The high use of bee pollination may be related to palatability. Different operation scales and modes need different pollination patterns, and bee and bumblebee pollination are used more in organic agricultural production, large-scale planting gardens for harvesting and sightseeing, and large-scale agricultural parks, to achieve green production and save labor costs. Fungicides and insecticides are often used in facility agriculture to control pests and diseases, which can affect the use of pollinating bees and the effect of pollination.

  Identification of Wheat Leaf Disease Based on LM Neural Network MA Na, GUO Jiaxin 2023, 13 (2):  60-66.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0031 Abstract + ( 224 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1711KB )   ( 251 ) Rapid, timely and accurate detection of wheat diseases plays an important role in improving wheat yield. Three kinds of diseased leaves suffering from wheat powdery mildew, stripe rust and leaf rust respectively were taken as the research objects, and a recognition model of wheat leaf diseases based on LM neural network was proposed. Firstly, the K-means algorithm was used to segment the wheat leaf disease area. The color features and texture features of wheat leaf disease area were extracted to construct data sets. Then, the identification model of wheat leaf disease was constructed by LM neural network and the data for identification was input. The recognition rate of wheat leaf diseases based on color and texture features was 95.3%. In the case of small samples, LM neural network algorithm can be used to identify wheat diseased leaves quickly and accurately.

  Smart Crop Cultivation: A New Agricultural Science Toward Deep Integration of Information, Agronomy and Machinery GU Shenghao, WEN Weiliang, LU Xianju, Wang Chuanyu, GUO Xinyu 2023, 13 (2):  67-76.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0217 Abstract + ( 312 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF ( 1550KB )   ( 258 ) Human society has developed into a new era of intelligent connection of everything, agricultural science has entered a new stage of data-intensive knowledge discovery, and smart agriculture has become an important part to support the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy. Under this background, the traditional theoretical and technical system of crop cultivation could no longer meet the needs of the development of smart crop cultivation, and it is urgent to accelerate the deep integration and collaborative innovation with other related disciplines to develop smart crop cultivation. This study first elaborates the connotation and characteristics of smart crop cultivation, then clarifies the concept, research content and key technologies and the corresponding disciplinary system, and finally proposes the development trend, challenges, and countermeasures of crop cultivation. To implement major scientific discoveries, frontier technology breakthroughs and industrial model innovations around the four key aspects of connection, perception, cognition and control in smart cultivation, to build a theoretical and technological system of smart cultivation, and to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional cultivation to smart cultivation will help achieve sustainable development of crop production and accelerate agricultural modernization.

  Bibliometric Analysis of Chinese Literature About Vigna angularis Based on CNKI LIANG Rong, SUN Feihu, ZHANG Chi, LIU Hongquan, WANG Hong, WANG Xinxin 2023, 13 (2):  77-82.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0180 Abstract + ( 213 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 2404KB )   ( 112 ) To understand the situation and research progress of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) in China, based on the Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CNKI), this article analyzed the current research status of adzuki bean in China from the perspective of bibliometrics. Using ‘adzuki bean’ as the keyword, we searched the CNKI database and adopted bibliometric method to statistically analyze and evaluate the annual number of published articles, authors, institutions and keywords. The number of publication in this field is generally increasing. In terms of research strength, Beijing University of Agriculture has published most papers about adzuki bean. The research directions in this field mainly include the selection and cultivation of new varieties, the high-yield cultivation technologies, plant physiological characteristics, etc. The research in the future may focus on the use of plant rhizosphere microorganisms to regulate plant growth and development, thereby promoting yield and income. At present, the research on adzuki bean in China is relatively mature, and the future application of new technologies in the production of adzuki bean will be promoted.

  Climate Suitability Variation of Maize Under Climate Change in Wengniute of Inner Mongolia ZHANG Yingjie, WANG Haimei, LI Xinyang 2023, 13 (2):  83-88.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0190 Abstract + ( 193 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1336KB )   ( 153 ) To reveal the effects of climate change on different growth stages of maize is of great significance to improving maize planting layout, breeding new maize varieties and ensuring high and stable yield of maize. Based on the daily meteorological data from 1981 to 2018 in Wengniute Banner of Chifeng City in Inner Mongolia, and combined with the climate suitability index of maize growth, the climate suitability model of maize in Wengniute Banner was used to calculate and analyze the suitability of light, temperature, precipitation and comprehensive climate of maize and their variation characteristics during the whole growth period and at main growth stages. The results showed that during the whole growth period of maize from 1981 to 2018, the suitability of light, temperature and precipitation was 0.72, 0.94 and 0.60 respectively, and the comprehensive climate suitability was 0.74, indicating that the climatic conditions were relatively suitable for maize planting. Under the background of climate change, temperature suitability of maize decreased significantly from seedling emergence to jointing. Light suitability increased significantly from jointing to flowering. From flowering to milky ripeness stage, light suitability increased significantly, precipitation suitability and comprehensive climate suitability decreased significantly. On the whole, the suitability of light and temperature of maize in Wengniute Banner is high and relatively stable, while the low and unstable precipitation suitability is the main limiting factor affecting maize growth and development in the study area.

  Late-maturing Mango Industry Development in Dehong: The Status and Countermeasures LI Wenzhu, WAN Daili, ZHANG Lei, YANG Yan, WANG Zhifei 2023, 13 (2):  89-92.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0215 Abstract + ( 190 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1065KB )   ( 219 ) Mango is rich in nutrients and known as the ‘king of tropical fruits’. Dehong in Yunnan Province has the advantages of developing late-maturing mango industry, such as suitable geographical conditions, leading enterprises and strong market basis. Based on the planting, marketing and other industrial status of late-maturing mango varieties, which were bred by grafting ‘Jingdong Late-maturing Mango’ with ‘3-year Mango’, in recent five years in Dehong, this study analyzed the development status of late-maturing mango industry and the existing problems, and put forward countermeasures for local mango industry development. This study is important for the mango industry development and rural revitalization in Dehong.

  Leisure Agriculture in Northern Jiangsu: Development Status and Countermeasures MEI Xueying, LUO Hairong, JIA Junli, JIA Xinping, TANG Ling, SHEN Hongyou, CAO Puyuan, LIU Huazhou, SU Guodong 2023, 13 (2):  93-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0175 Abstract + ( 266 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1236KB )   ( 262 ) The development of leisure agriculture is helpful in optimizing rural industrial structure, activating rural economy, promoting farmers’ employment, increasing farmers’ income, and advancing urban-rural integrated development. Due to the imbalanced development of leisure agriculture between northern Jiangsu and southern Jiangsu, the pace of leisure agriculture development in northern Jiangsu is relatively backward, but the potential of development is strong. Therefore, the study of leisure agriculture in northern Jiangsu can make up the short board, narrow the development gap between the north and the south, and promote the high-quality development of leisure agriculture in the whole province. The study summarizes the development advantages, characteristics and existing problems of leisure agriculture in northern Jiangsu through literature review, data analysis and field investigation. The development of leisure agriculture in northern Jiangsu presents a booming trend, with enlarging business entities, increasing business income, rising market demand, upgrading brand cultivation and various types and modes. In the process of development, there are also problems such as inadequate policy support, lack of overall planning, underutilized resource advantage, weak industrial convergence, low service management, featureless brand and so on. Focusing on the above problems, suggestions are put forward from the aspect of overall planning, infrastructure, industrial convergence, brand cultivation and operation management, hoping to provide intellectual support for the sustainable development of leisure agriculture in northern Jiangsu.