Current issue

• 2023 Vol.13 No.1 Published:20 January 2023

  Exogenous Glucosamine: Effects on the Growth of Hydroponic Maize Seedlings LIU Hui, YANG Xiaoyun, SONG Weijie, HU Juwei, SONG Tao 2023, 13 (1):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0151 Abstract + ( 354 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF ( 1133KB )   ( 240 ) To investigate the effect of exogenous glucosamine on the growth and development of crops, maize seedlings were used as materials in hydroponic culture without stress. The effects of different concentrations of exogenous glucosamine on plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, root system, plant fresh weight and root fresh weight of maize seedlings were studied. The results showed that all the parameters were increased by some degrees compared with those of the control under 0.1-5 mg/L glucosamine treatment. The stem diameter, plant fresh weight and root fresh weight of maize treated with 2 mg/L glucosamine were increased by 11.30%, 26.58% and 19.32%, respectively. In addition, the total root length, root surface area, and the total branch number of root were increased by glucosamine treatment, and the maximum increase was found in the treatment of 2 mg/L. The chlorophyll content was increased along with the glucosamine concentration. Taken together, the growth and development of maize seedlings are improved by different concentrations of glucosamine, and the suggested dosage is 2 mg/L in this study. Glucosamine, as a novo natural synergy material, its effect on crop growth needs more study.

  Efficacy of Metalaxyl-M·Fludioxonil·Azoxystrobin on Controlling Soil-borne Fungal Diseases of Peanut Seedlings SONG Min, WU Cuixia, ZHANG Yong, MA Chong, ZHANG Tiantian, ZHOU Chao, YANG Lina 2023, 13 (1):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0078 Abstract + ( 628 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1106KB )   ( 226 ) Seed coating was used to study the efficacy of metalaxyl-M·fludioxonil·azoxystrobin on controlling the occurrence of peanut crown rot and stem rot. The results indicated that the control effect of three treatments (200, 300 and 400 g a.i./100kg seeds) of metalaxyl-M·fludioxonil·azoxystrobin 11% FS on peanut crown rot and stem rot was 81.92%-92.20% and 76.36%-86.10%, respectively. The peanut seedling emergence rate of the two test fields was 94.88%-95.75% and 93.63%-95.25% respectively, and the yield increase was 5.78%-13.14% and 5.99%-8.40%, respectively. Considering the safety, control effect and yield growth effect, metalaxyl-M·fludioxonil·azoxystrobin 11% FS has good application prospects in controlling soil-borne fungal diseases of peanut seedlings, and it is high efficient in controlling peanut crown rot and stem rot by seed-coating treatment. The recommended dose is 300-400 g a.i./100 kg seeds in field.

  Effects of Trace Elements on Yield and Quality of Wheat ZHOU Guoqin, SHEN Guanyu, CHEN Zhenzhen, XIE Xudong, YIN Zhigang, SHI Shoushe, ZHU Baolei, CHEN Hong 2023, 13 (1):  11-15.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0118 Abstract + ( 244 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1201KB )   ( 263 ) The study aims to explore the effects of different fertilization methods of trace elements molybdenum and zinc on grain filling rate and yield of wheat, and provide a theoretical basis for scientific application of trace elements in wheat production. Using ‘Zhengmai 113’ as the experimental material, different zinc fertilizer and molybdenum fertilizer application methods were set up, including CK: N15-P2O510-K2O10, base-dressing ratio of 4:6; Z1: ammonium molybdate of 7.5 kg/ hm2 was applied as base fertilizer on the basis of N15-P2O510-K2O10 (base-dressing ratio of 4:6); Z2: ammonium molybdate of 7.5 kg/hm2 and zinc sulfate of 15 kg/hm2 were applied as base fertilizers on the basis of N15-P2O510-K2O10 (base-dressing ratio of 4:6); Z3: on the basis of N15-P2O510-K2O10 (base-dressing ratio of 4:6) and ammonium molybdate of 7.5 kg/hm2 as base fertilizer, zinc sulfate of 7.5 kg/hm2 was sprayed on the leaves at returning green stage and jointing stage; Z4: on the basis of N15-P2O510-K2O10 (base-dressing ratio of 4:6) and ammonium molybdate of 7.5 kg/hm2 as base fertilizer, zinc sulfate fertilizer of 7.5 kg/hm2 was sprayed twice at filling stage (the first time was 4 days after the end of flowering, then the second time was one week later). The effects of trace elements molybdenum and zinc on the yield and quality of wheat were analyzed. The results showed that: the application of molybdenum fertilizer could increase wheat yield, protein content and wet gluten content compared with CK. The broadcast application of zinc fertilizer as the base fertilizer could improve the grain filling rate and yield of wheat obviously. The application of trace elements could promote the growth and development of wheat and achieve high quality and high yield in wheat production.

  Effects of Hormones on Seed Germination of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. Under Drought and Salt Stress SI Mingdong, LI Jiacheng, LI Xinrui, SUN Huigai, LI Jing, ZHENG Yuguang, MA Donglai 2023, 13 (1):  16-20.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0158 Abstract + ( 248 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1239KB )   ( 182 ) The effects of different concentrations of gibberellin (GA), naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) on Schizonepeta tenuifolia seed germination under the stress of drought and salt were studied. The solution of PEG-6000 and NaCl were used to simulate drought and salt stress, and the germination thresholds were 10% PEG-6000 and 150 μmol/L NaCl. The results showed that except the GA treatment under salt stress, the effect of the three hormones on the germination rate of S. tenuifolia seeds first increased and then decreased. The hormone with the best germination effect was GA. Under drought and salt stress, the optimal concentration of GA was 0.1 mg/L and 1 mg/L, and the germination rate was 73.00% and 58.67%, respectively. Under drought stress, the effect of NAA treatment was better than that of IAA treatment, but 10 mg/L NAA had intensified inhibition effect on seed germination. Under salt stress, the effect of the three hormones on germination rate had little difference, but the germinative force and germination index of seeds treated with GA outclassed those of NAA and IAA.

  Changes of Soil Nutrient Content and Enzyme Activity in Sesame Continuous Cropping Land and Their Effects on Sesame Germination CUI Yanqin, LI Sida, XU Guizhen, HOU Shaofeng, GUAN Zhongbo, GUO Yuanzhang 2023, 13 (1):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0014 Abstract + ( 209 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1179KB )   ( 156 ) Continuous cropping obstacle is the main limiting factor affecting sesame production. To explore the effects of sesame continuous cropping on soil nutrients and enzyme activities, as well as the effects of soil extracts from continuous cropping for different years on sesame seed germination, this study used a 6-year location plot experiment to investigate the changes of soil nutrients and enzyme activities in sesame continuous cropping land, and the germination test was used to analyze the effect of soil extracts on the germination of sesame seeds. The results showed that sesame continuous cropping could cause the overall changes of soil nutrients and enzyme activities, and the changes of various indexes had significant interaction. The soil nutrients, enzyme activities and seed germination rate of continuous cropping for 1 year were close to those of CK, and all indexes decreased to the lowest when the continuous cropping was for 3 years. Soil nutrients and enzyme activities had significantly positive effects on the germination rate of sesame, and urease and total phosphorus had the greatest effects. This study could provide reference for understanding the impact of sesame continuous cropping on soil and optimizing sesame cultivation model.

  Effects of Different Organic Wastes on Enhancing Soil Organic Carbon Pool and Biological Activity in Newly Reclaimed Coastal Land WEI Jiqian, NI Chunxiao, XU Sijia, ZHANG Mingkui 2023, 13 (1):  26-31.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0222 Abstract + ( 185 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1102KB )   ( 149 ) To understand the role of organic wastes from different sources in improving the soil organic carbon pool and biological activity of newly reclaimed coastal land, a pot experiment was carried out to observe the effects of eight kinds of organic wastes on soil organic carbon, easily oxidized organic carbon, stable organic carbon, water-soluble organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and soil enzyme activity of a newly reclaimed coastal land, and to compare the improving effects of different types of organic wastes. The experiment included nine treatments, and they were pig manure, chicken manure, rice straw, vegetable harvest residue, kitchen waste compost, biogas residue, pig manure/rice straw compost, and domestic waste compost at equal application rate of organic carbon, and the control was without organic fertilizer. The experiment ran for 30 weeks. The results showed that the application of the organic wastes all had obvious effects on improving soil properties. The pig manure/rice straw compost, domestic waste compost, kitchen waste compost and biogas residue with biological fermentation were the best in improving soil organic carbon pool, biological activity and farmland carbon pool management index, followed by pig manure, chicken manure and rice straw. Vegetable harvest residue was mainly composed of fresh organic matter, which had poor stability and poor effect on improving soil organic carbon pool and biological activity. After the application of organic waste, the soil carbon pool, soil microbial biomass and other soil properties could change significantly with the incubation time. The study showed that the priority should be given to the application of pig manure/rice straw compost, domestic waste compost, kitchen waste compost and biogas residue for improving the soil organic carbon pool and biological activity in the newly reclaimed coastal land.

  Influence of Fully Biodegradable Mulching Film on Soil Hydrothermal Environment and Crop Economic Benefit in the Weibei Tableland Area SUO Long, ZHANG Junli, WANG Rui, BAI Yisha, DONG Xiaomei, ZHAO Hui, LI Mingming, CHEN Qiang 2023, 13 (1):  32-38.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0157 Abstract + ( 246 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1246KB )   ( 137 ) The sweet potato variety ‘Jishu 26’ was used as the test material to investigate the influence of different mulching films on soil hydrothermal environment and crop economic benefit in the Weibei tableland area. The effects of different treatments on soil temperature and soil moisture during the whole growth period of sweet potato and post-harvest economic benefits were investigated by setting up three treatments, including fully biodegradable black mulching film (M1), fully biodegradable transparent mulching film (M2) and common polyethylene transparent mulching film (M3). The results showed that the soil temperature under M2 and M3 was higher than that under M1 in the early stage of sweet potato growth. The soil temperature under M3 was higher than that under M1 and M2 with the increase of sweet potato growth time. The average soil temperature under M3 was 0.19℃ and 0.51℃ higher than that under M1 and M2, respectively, during the whole growth period of sweet potato. The influence of mulching treatment on soil temperature and moisture gradually decreased with the increasing of soil depth. The soil moisture content was reduced by 0.67% and 2.23% under M1 and M2, respectively, compared with that under M3 during the whole growth period of sweet potato. The yield, commodity rate and total income of sweet potato were the highest under M2, which had the lowest input-output ratio and the best economic benefit. In summary, taking into account the influence of long-term application of mulching cultivation technology on farmland ecological environment and soil quality, and the impact of different mulching films on temperature increase, moisture retention and input-output ratio, the fully biodegradable mulching film is beneficial to the sustainable development of agroecosystem, and M2 has the best economic benefit and is suitable for sustainable application in this area.

  Effects of Environmental Factors in Different Seasons on Amino Acid Biosynthesis in Fruiting Bodies of Lentinus edodes LIU Zhenyuan, BAN Litong, YANG Hongpeng, HUANG Liang, JIN Haidong, ZHANG Hong, JIN Bo 2023, 13 (1):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0144 Abstract + ( 185 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1123KB )   ( 164 ) Taking fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes in the same cultivation shed as the materials, the effects of environmental factors in different seasons on amino acid biosynthesis of Lentinus edodes were studied. We analyzed the amino acid content of Lentinus edodes fruiting bodies in different seasons and the monitoring data of environmental factors, and explored the correlation between them. The results showed that the content of total amino acids from fresh Lentinus edodes of the first crop could reach 2.81%, and there was no significant difference in the content of total amino acids between the second crop and the third crop, which was 1.56% and 1.51%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration had significantly positive correlation with amino acid content in fruiting bodies, indicating that these factors had significant effect on the biosynthesis of amino acid in a certain range. From the perspective of the comprehensive meteorological conditions, the environmental temperature is the main factor affecting the biosynthesis of amino acid in Lentinula edodes, and during the Lentinula edodes growth, environmental temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration have effects on the nutritional quality of its fruiting bodies.

  The Application and Prospect of Schisandra chinensis in Cosmetics ZHENG Xiaoxia, ZHAO Shuting, WANG Rongcan, HOU Wei 2023, 13 (1):  44-50.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0160 Abstract + ( 534 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1173KB )   ( 602 ) With the extensive research and development of traditional Chinese medicine, more and more effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine are used in cosmetic products for skin care. Schisandra chinensis, as a genuine medicinal material in northeast China, can be used for both medicine and food, and has a variety of health and therapeutic effects. In recent years, with the continuous in-depth exploration and research of the active ingredients of S. chinensis, its medicinal and food health effects have received extensive attention from the public and academic circles. Literature studies show that the natural components such as lignans, volatile oils, organic acids and polysaccharides in S. chinensis have good free radical scavenging effects, which can enhance the body’s antioxidant capacity and delay aging. However, the research on the application of S. chinensis in cosmetics is relatively insufficient. Therefore, this article reviewed the application of S. chinensis in cosmetics to provide a theoretical basis for its development and application.

  The Influence of the Characteristics of Tobacco Field on the Applicability of Agricultural Machinery in Hubei Province WU Yuanhua, SHEN Guoming, WANG Mian, XU Xiaobo, TAO Dexin, JIANG Fang, LIU Yang, YIN Ganghua 2023, 13 (1):  51-60.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0109 Abstract + ( 210 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1644KB )   ( 148 ) To further clarify the applicability constraints of agricultural machinery for field production in mountainous and hilly tobacco planting areas, we took the agricultural machinery production core demonstration area at Hefeng of Hubei as the study object, classified agricultural machinery with high utilization rate in the area, grouped the production links, identified the field operation path of agricultural machinery, and calculated the characteristic values of tobacco planting plots related to agricultural machinery operation. By analyzing the matching degree of agricultural machinery operation parameters and field operation conditions, the results showed that the primary factor affecting the selection of regional agricultural machinery models was the condition of driving path, followed by the shape and area of field plots, among which the shape of field plot had a greater impact on the agricultural machinery model of the contour parallel movement mode, and the width of the filed plot determined the size of the agricultural machinery model. Under current production conditions, small and mini-agricultural machinery of 3-5 kW or 11-18 kW were more desirable, and the machinery of 37-66 kW was more suitable for regular field plots with driving path and area greater than 2001 m2.

  Whole-process Mechanized Production Technology of Direct-seeding Rape: Research Progress HAN Xiao, LIU Haicui, LI Ying, SHI Xiaoxu, SHI Lv, XUE Yaguang, LIU Jian 2023, 13 (1):  61-65.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0161 Abstract + ( 278 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1016KB )   ( 266 ) The whole-process mechanization is an inevitable trend in rape production, but the current level of mechanization in rape production in China is still low. This study analyzed the situation of the mechanized production of direct-seeding rape, and elaborated the high-yield and high-efficiency agronomic measures suitable for the whole-process mechanized production of direct-seeding rape in China from six aspects: variety selection, farmland preparation, sowing, fertilization, pest control and harvesting. In view of the problems in the promotion of direct-seeding rape, this study put forward corresponding improvement measures and possible research priorities in the future, in order to enhance the mechanized production level of direct-seeding rape, accelerate the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomic measures, and promote the high-quality development of the rape industry.

  The Relationship Between Plant Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen and DNA Replication: A Review LIU Xintong, WANG Xi 2023, 13 (1):  66-72.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0162 Abstract + ( 218 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1102KB )   ( 215 ) In order to further study the plant proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), this paper summarized the research situation of PCNA, concluded its structural features and functional clues, including PCNA participating in DNA replication, DNA damage repair and cell cycle regulation. At present, PCNA studies are more focused on medical and zoological aspects, the reports on PCNA in botany are few and relatively backward. But some papers have reported that PCNA regulates DNA replication and participates in DNA replication in order to ensure the normal growth and development of plants. Thus, the function of plant PCNA is worth further research.

  Peanut Industry in Zibo: Development Status, Existing Problems and Countermeasures XING Maode, LIU Xiao, GENG Jun, YU Kejian, MIAO Zhongqin 2023, 13 (1):  73-78.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0166 Abstract + ( 227 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1113KB )   ( 212 ) China and India are the major peanut producing countries in the world, and Shandong Province is the main peanut producing area in China. Zibo is located in central Shandong Province, bordering the main peanut producing area of the province. Zibo has a warm temperate continental monsoon climate and good soil aeration in most areas, and is very suitable for peanut planting. This study summarized the meteorological data of Zibo over the years, consulted the latest information about peanut planting and processing industry at home and abroad, and conducted an overall investigation on peanut cultivation and processing in Zibo by field investigation, telephone interview and questionnaire survey. The relevant results were analyzed and the corresponding suggestions were put forward. The results show that Zibo has a long history of planting peanut and a certain foundation of peanut processing industry, but there are still some problems in peanut production, such as a lack of leading enterprises, poor farmland infrastructure, low comparative benefit of peanut planting, a lack of early warning system of peanut pests, high cost of peanut planting, a lack of high oleic acid peanut industry chain and so on. The study puts forward countermeasures to promote the healthy and rapid development of peanut industry in Zibo, including issuing policies to support leading enterprises, strengthening infrastructure construction of peanut field, popularizing peanut high-yield cultivation techniques to increase peanut planting benefit, establishing early warning system to control peanut pests, accelerating the research and introduction of agricultural machinery suitable for peanut cultivation in mountain areas, and developing the whole industrial chain of peanuts with high oleic acid.

  Measurement and Group Differences of Farmers’ Social Capital from the Perspective of Rural Governance——A Case Study of Northern Jiangsu Province CHEN Xia, LI Zhemin 2023, 13 (1):  79-87.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0101 Abstract + ( 216 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1252KB )   ( 205 ) This study scientifically evaluated the status of farmers’ social capital and group differences, in order to increase farmers’ social capital, leverage the positive effect of social capital on rural governance, and promote the modernization of rural governance. From the perspective of rural governance, this study created an index system for farmers’ social capital with five dimensions, including social network, social trust, social reputation, social participation, and social norms. The CRITIC method was adopted to determine the weight of indicators for the measurement of farmers’ social capital. Independent-sample t test and one-way ANOVA method were used to analyze the differences among different groups. The results show that: the weights of the dimensions from large to small are social norms, social trust, social participation, social reputation and social network. The average value of farmers’ social capital index is 0.608, and the scores of the five dimensions from high to low are social trust (0.755), social participation (0.631), social reputation (0.620), social norms (0.588) and social network (0.417). There is no significant intergenerational difference in farmers’ social capital; social capital index, social network, social participation and social norms show significant differences according to the educational level of farmers, and show an upward trend with the rising of the highest level of educational attainment of family members. There are significant differences in social capital index, social network, social trust, social reputation and social participation among farmers with different social identities, these indicators of rural families with members of village cadres, party members and soldiers (including veterans) are higher than those of other rural families. The social capital of farmers in the survey area is at a low level, and it can be increased by the provision of education and training, as well as improving the political literacy of farmers. Based on fundamental problems and group differences, this paper puts forward solutions to cultivate farmers’ social capital by differentiated measures.

  Effects of Farmers’ Cognition and Policy Environment on Recycling of Plastic Film Residues LIANG Jiangyuan, LONG Wei, WANG Yubin 2023, 13 (1):  88-95.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.casb2021-0155 Abstract + ( 204 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1282KB )   ( 198 ) In order to find effective ways to increase the recovery rate of plastic film residues and reduce the pollution caused by plastic film residue, this study analyzed the influence mechanism of farmers’ cognition and policy environment on farmers’ plastic film residue recycling behavior by using the micro-survey data from four provinces with multivariate Probit model and hierarchical regression model. The results show that farmers with ecological rationality, economic rationality, positive environmental behavior attitude, subjective norms and perceptual behavior control could significantly increase the frequency of plastic film residue recycling. Policy publicity and legal constraints play a positive regulating role in the relationship between farmers’ cognition and the recycling of plastic film residues. Therefore, it is suggested to increase the publicity of prevention and control policy of plastic film residue pollution, raise farmer’ environmental awareness, provide government subsidies, set up stations for agricultural film recycling, and strengthen market supervision of plastic film.

  High-Quality Development of Cultural Relics Tourism from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization: Problems and Countermeasures ZHAO Ling, ZHANG Hua 2023, 13 (1):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0168 Abstract + ( 288 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1050KB )   ( 240 ) In implementing the Rural Revitalization Strategy, giving full play to the advantages of cultural relics tourism and seeking the high-quality development of its industry can play an irreplaceable role in guiding the advancement of rural economy. Starting from the definition of cultural relics tourism and other concepts, this study discussed the basic principles and connotation of the high-quality development of cultural relics tourism, and found its existing problems, such as the decentralized and less integrated management departments, the uneven distribution of operation mechanism and the lack of decision-making power, insufficient attention to cultural relics protection and cultural vitality cultivation, the uncoordinated development of policies and regulations and the incomplete punishment ability, the unsatisfied level of tourism activities and experience, etc. Then, the study put forward countermeasures for the high-quality development of cultural relics tourism from the perspective of rural revitalization. This study could provide a theoretical basis for how to increase the quality and development speed of cultural relics tourism in the regional economic integration practice.