Current issue

• 2023 Vol.13 No.4 Published:20 April 2023

  Application Effects of Wheat Specific Humic Acid Fertilizer and Its Reduction on Wheat in Fluvo-aquic Soil Area in North Henan ZHANG Yunhong, MAO Jiawei, LIU Xiaoqi, LI Bingqi, YUAN Tianyou, XU Qihao, QIAN Kai 2023, 13 (4):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0038 Abstract + ( 188 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1273KB )   ( 135 ) A field experiment was conducted to study the application effects of wheat specific humic acid fertilizer (Triticum aestivum L.) and its reduction on wheat in fluvo-aquic soil area in north Henan, in order to clarify the potential of humic acid fertilizer reduction and provide theoretical support for fertilizer efficient and rational application. In the experiment, seven treatments were set up: T1 (the control, without fertilization), T2 (conventional fertilization), T3 (optimized fertilization, applying wheat specific common fertilizers), T4, T5, T6 and T7 (applying 100%, 90%, 80% and 70% wheat specific humic acid fertilizer respectively, and T4 and T3 had the same amount of nutrients). We investigated the differences of yield, and nutrient uptake and use efficiency of wheat, as well as the content of soil nutrients among different treatments. The results showed that under the same nutrient condition, compared with T3, the total nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) accumulation of wheat under T4 increased by 5.6% and 4.7% respectively. There was also obvious increase in phosphorus (P) content in wheat straw and grain at the mature stage, and the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzed N and available K at the wintering stage, but the yield did not increase. The yield of T5 was the highest, which was increased by 20.0%, 4.7%, 8.4%, 9.8%, 13.9% and 18.4% compared with that of T1, T2, T3, T4, T6 and T7; moreover, the fertilizer agronomy efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity of T5 were also the highest, which were 5.18 kg/kg and 31.07 kg/kg, respectively. There were significant decreases of the total nutrient accumulation of wheat, and soil alkali-hydrolyzed N content and available P content at the flowering stage under T6 and T7, and the yield and fertilizer agronomy efficiency of the two treatments were also lower than those of other fertilization treatments. Moreover, the content of soil available P and available K of T7 were also significantly reduced at the harvest stage. Under the conditions of this experiment, the application of 90% wheat specific humic acid fertilizer could reduce fertilizer amount and improve wheat yield to a certain extent in fluvo-aquic soil area in north Henan.

  New Wheat Varieties (Lines) in Dry and Fertile Land in Huang-Huai Wheat Area: Preliminary Identification and Classification of Drought Resistance at Seedling Stage SUN Xianyin, MI Yong, MU Qiuhuan, LV Guangde, QI Xiaolei, SUN Yingying, YIN Xundong, WANG Ruixia, WU Ke, QIAN Zhaoguo 2023, 13 (4):  9-17.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0016 Abstract + ( 263 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1371KB )   ( 137 ) Understanding the drought resistance of new water-saving wheat varieties in dry and fertile land of Huang-Huai wheat area is conducive to wheat variety popularization and breeding. Under the condition of simulated drought stress with 15% PEG-6000 (polyethylene glycol) solution, 50 wheat varieties (lines) of recent years were used as experimental materials to measure the changes of seed germination rate, seedling height and chlorophyll content, and to evaluate and classify the drought resistance. The results showed that wheat seed germination rate and seedling height were significantly correlated with drought resistance at seedling stage under the stress. The 50 materials were divided into 4 categories, including 4 highly drought resistant germplasms (D value of 0.8255-0.9980), 10 drought resistant germplasms (D value of 0.6516-0.7270), 28 drought sensitive germplasms (D value of 0.4941-0.6354), and 8 highly drought sensitive germplasms (D value of 0.3079-0.4676). Compared with using average membership function value to evaluate the drought resistance, the classification results could be reasonably and intuitively presented by using the D value evaluation combined with the longest distance system cluster analysis. Therefore, the experiment confirmed that under the stress of 15% PEG-6000, the germination rate and seedling height of wheat could be used as the main indicators to evaluate the drought-resistance ability at seedling stage. The drought resistance of the 50 varieties (lines) was distinguished, which could provide a basis for the selection and promotion of drought-resistant and water-saving varieties.

  Effects of Climate Change on Main Growth Stages of Winter Wheat in Linyi and Determination of Suitable Sowing Time TENG Shihui, LI Xiaoxia, LIU Qingjuan 2023, 13 (4):  18-24.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0011 Abstract + ( 267 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1354KB )   ( 176 ) To study the impact of climate change on winter wheat production in Linyi City and determine the suitable sowing time and appropriate field management measures, based on the meteorological data of Linyi City from 2001 to 2021 and the seedling survey data of agricultural and rural departments, as well as the historical weather data of Linyi City from 1962 to 2000, we adopted the linear trend prediction to analyze the change law of temperature and accumulated temperature during the winter wheat growth period and the date and duration of main growth stages. The results showed that the suitable sowing time and each growth stage of winter wheat in Linyi City had different responses to climate change. The suitable sowing time was from October 8 to 19, and the best sowing time was from October 11 to 14. The frequency of repeated cooling in tillering stage increased, which enhanced the cold resistance of wheat before winter and was conducive to the formation of strong seedlings; the increase of accumulated temperature before winter and the delay of overwintering period indirectly delayed the suitable sowing time, which could provide better conditions for the late harvest of maize of the previous cropping. The early returning green and significant increase of accumulated temperature after returning green greatly shortened the growth suspension and overwintering time of wheat, increased its actual growth time, and was conducive to the transformation of winter wheat seedling; the early jointing stage could make wheat be more vulnerable to late frost (cold) and late spring cold. The temperature drop in April and May provided better climatic condition for wheat heading, flowering and grain filling, especially, the temperature drop in May, which not only reduced the probability of dry hot wind, but was also conducive to wheat grain filling in the later stage. This study determined the suitable sowing time of winter wheat in Linyi City, and provided a basis for field management and high-yield cultivation of wheat in the whole growth period.

  Effects of Exogenous Pb and As on Growth Quality and Pb and As Accumulation of Highland Barley YANG Xiaojun 2023, 13 (4):  25-31.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0039 Abstract + ( 151 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1229KB )   ( 128 ) The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of exogenous Pb and As pollution on the growth quality and Pb and As accumulation of highland barley, and to provide data support for the prevention and control of heavy metal compound pollution in farmland soil and the improvement of human dietary health. Taking highland barley as the test crop, different concentrations of Pb (480, 720, 960, 1200 and 1440 mg/kg), As (30, 60, 90, 120 and 140 mg/kg) and blank control group (11 treatments in total) were set, and through outdoor pot experiment, the growth, quality and heavy metal accumulation of highland barley under exogenous Pb and As stress were detected. The root length, stem diameter, plant height, ear length, grain number per ear, 1000-grain weight, aboveground and underground dry matter weight of highland barley were significantly reduced by 9.28%-66.58% compared with those of the blank control under exogenous Pb and As stress. Highland barley β-glucan was decreased by 33.58% compared with the blank at Pb concentration of 960 mg/kg, the moisture content was lower than that of the blank, and the contents of ash and protein were higher than those of the blank. Fat was decreased by 54.16% compared with that of the blank at Pb concentration of 1440 mg/kg, and increased by 13.75% compared with that of the blank at Pb concentration of 480 mg/kg. Under different concentrations of exogenous Pb, the content of Pb in highland barley root, stem, leaf and grain were higher than those in the blank. Under different concentrations of exogenous As, the Pb content in highland barley root, stem, leaf and grain were higher than those in the blank. Exogenous Pb and As inhibited the growth and quality of highland barley. The accumulation ability of highland barley to Pb was stronger than that to As, and the accumulation law of Pb and As in various organs was in an order of root > stem and leaf > grain.

  Strong Dominant Hybrid New Cotton Cultivar ‘Gang 0996’: Analysis of Its Yield Potential, Yield Stability and Adaptability ZHAO Shuqi, ZHANG Huachong, YAN Zhenhua, WU Hongxia, DAI Baosheng, LI Qing, HUANG Xiaoli, LI Wei 2023, 13 (4):  32-38.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0043 Abstract + ( 233 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1259KB )   ( 121 ) The objectives of this study are to understand the yield potential of ‘Gang 0996’, determine the relationship between yield and its components, and clarify main factors affecting the high-yield cultivation of the cultivar. Based on the data from the regional experiment of medium-ripe cotton group in 2016 and 2017 and the production experiment of medium-ripe cotton group in 2018 of the Yangtze River Basin, the variation coefficient, high stability coefficient, correlation analysis and path analysis were used to analyze the yield stability, yield potential, and yield and its components of ‘Gang 0996’. The results showed that ‘Gang 0996’ had good comprehensive yield performance, high yield stability and great yield potential. In the regional test, the increase point rate of ‘Gang 0996’ was as high as 91.50%, and ‘Gang 0996’ showed better environmental adaptability than other cultivars. The results of correlation analysis and path analysis showed that boll number had the largest direct effect on lint yield, and constituted the largest indirect effect through other yield components. According to the yield performance of ‘Gang 0996’, in its cultivation, the contradiction between boll number and planting density should be coordinated. Reasonable planting density, enough number of bolls per plant, stable single boll quality, and proper lint percentage are the main ways to achieve high yield.

  High-efficiency Pesticide Reduction and Green Alternative Technology in Sichuan Hilly Area: A Review FU Huijuan, LI Xingyue, YI Jun, LI Qiyong, LUO Congcong, ZHANG Hong 2023, 13 (4):  39-45.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0210 Abstract + ( 212 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1118KB )   ( 200 ) Pesticide reduction and green alternative technology are inevitable requirements for the green development of agriculture, and also an effective way to ensure the quality of agricultural products and food safety. In order to effectively promote the green development of agriculture and continuously improve agricultural ecological environment, based on literature, scientific research results and production practices, this study summarized high-efficiency pesticide reduction and green alternative technologies (zero application of chemical pesticides, pesticide reduction, and precise and efficient pesticide application) suitable for agricultural production in Sichuan hilly area. (1) Zero application of chemical pesticides aims to prevent and control pests and diseases through physical, biological and agricultural measures. (2) Pesticide reduction realizes less application of chemical pesticides mainly through the development of high-effective pesticides and the addition of high-effective additives. (3) Precise and efficient pesticide application is based on the prediction and forecast of crop diseases and insect pests to achieve the best control effect with the least amount of pesticides. Scientific and high-efficiency pesticide application and green alternative technology are important premise for achieving high-quality and green development of agriculture in China. This study can provide certain guidance for the prevention and control of pests and diseases, and the efficient and green agricultural production in Sichuan hilly area.

  Analysis of Soil Phosphorus Availability Based on Web of Science Citation Database LIAO Yuanhang, SHU Yingge 2023, 13 (4):  46-54.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0159 Abstract + ( 215 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1641KB )   ( 141 ) The paper aims to understand the research progress and development trend of soil phosphorus availability in China. Based on 2082 literature on soil phosphorus availability in the core collection database of Web of Science, and with the tools of R bibliometrix, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Histcite, we used the number of publications, total/average citation frequency and centrality as indicators, to classify and visualize published papers, research strength, research hotspots and subject evolution in the field of soil phosphorus availability research. The results show that the number of publications in the field of soil phosphorus availability is on the rise as a whole, with prominent journals including Plant and Soil, Soil Biology & Biochemistry, and Geoderma. From the perspective of national research strength, China, the United States and Australia are the top three in the total number of published papers. China has published far more papers in this field than other countries, accounting for 29.97%. Up to now, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has published 303 papers, and the number is the most among research institutions. From the analysis of strategic coordinate charts and keywords, we can see that the availability is the core subject of this field. Keywords such as “enzyme activity”, “microbial community”, “phosphorus limitation”, “nitrogen deposition” and “soluble organic carbon” became hotspots in this field from 2018 to 2022. Under the background of environmental factor change, the interaction between soil phosphorus availability and microbial community, enzyme activity, and soil carbon and nitrogen are the forefront of current research, and the interaction among microbial communities, enzymes and nutrients, and interdisciplinary topics will become the focus of future research.

  CiteSpace-Based Knowledge Mapping Analysis of Soil Nutrient-Earthworm Studies REN Xiaoxu, LI Xuqing, LV Xiaohan, YAN Jianli, LIAO Yimin 2023, 13 (4):  55-60.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0027 Abstract + ( 155 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1724KB )   ( 152 ) Soil is an important basic resource for human survival and social development, and is an important component of natural ecosystem. The research on soil nutrients and soil biology has theoretical significance. Although there are more and more related studies, the systematic literature review is lacking and the understanding of the development trend and hotspot evolution characteristics of the research field is insufficient. In this paper, based on literature data of CNKI database, we conducted cluster visualization analysis on the number of publications, author groups, publication institutions, keywords and emergence of literature by the CiteSpace, a bibliometrics software. The results show that the number of papers published on the relationship between soil nutrients and soil fauna has increased each year since 2001, and has remained relatively stable since 2016. Research institutions in China are mainly colleges and universities, such as Nanjing Agricultural University, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and China Agricultural University, and Nanjing Soil Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences is also a main research group in this field. Soil quality and community structure were the two most prominent research hotspots in soil nutrient-earthworm research in 2001-2021, and the research on soil health has been a new trend since 2020.

  Abundance-Deficiency Index of Soil Available Potassium and Appropriate Fertilizer Application Rates for Peach Planting in China ZHANG Ming, LV Zhiwei, SUN Hongren, ZHANG Jiping, LV Yucai, LIU Yuanqing 2023, 13 (4):  61-65.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0167 Abstract + ( 154 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1214KB )   ( 122 ) To provide guidance for soil potassium application in peach planting, the new application formulas of “scattered experimental data integration method” and “nutrient balance-soil fertility difference subtraction method” were used to study the index of soil available K abundance-deficiency and the appropriate rates of potassium application in peach planting in China. The results showed that soil available K index in peach planting could be divided into 5 levels, which were ≥312, 170-312, 92-170, 50-92 and <50 mg/kg, respectively, from level 1 to 5. When the target yield of peach was 15-60 t/hm2 and the utilization rate of potassium was 50%, the suitable application rate of available K for level 1 to 5 was 0-0, 19-76, 38-151, 57-227 and 76-302 kg/hm2, respectively. In this study, the recommended fertilization system of available K according to its abundance-deficiency index in peach planting soil in China was established and a corresponding basis was provided for soil testing and potassium application.

  Climate Suitability of Cabbage-Radish-Chinese Cabbage Planting Pattern with Three Harvests a Year in Northern Xianyang LIU Yan, WANG Wei, LV Yang, LIU Jun, LIU Xinsheng 2023, 13 (4):  66-70.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0020 Abstract + ( 209 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1224KB )   ( 185 ) To make full use of climatic resources and improve land utilization, this paper used the daily average temperature and daily average minimum temperature in Xianyang from 1991 to 2020, the field production data of Xunyi and Weicheng in 2020, and meteorological conditions required for the vegetative growth of cabbage, radish and Chinese cabbage, to design a three harvests a year planting pattern for vegetable production. The results showed that the daily average temperature suitable for the vegetative growth of cabbage was 15℃ to 24℃, and the number of days with the daily average minimum temperature lower than or equal to 12℃ during this period did not exceed 16 days. The daily average temperature suitable for the vegetative growth of radish was 11℃ to 25℃, and the daily relative humidity was more than 47%. The daily average temperature suitable for the vegetative growth of Chinese cabbage was 5℃ to 25℃, and the daily minimum temperature was higher than or equal to -2℃. The cabbage-radish-Chinese cabbage planting pattern could have three harvests a year in northern Xianyang, and the climate conditions of southern Xianyang are not suitable for cold vegetable growth due to high summer temperature.

  Zingiberaceae Plants: Rapid Propagation System Construction Based on Tissue Culture Technology ZHAI Caijiao, CHENG Yujing, QIU Liang, WANG Xiaoqiu, LIU Shuidong, WANG Kang 2023, 13 (4):  71-78.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0037 Abstract + ( 277 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1229KB )   ( 375 ) To solve the problems of low reproduction coefficient and variety degradation of Zingiberaceae plants, expand propagation scale, improve stress resistance and yield potential, and establish the in vitro rapid propagation system of Zingiberaceae plants effectively, we summarized the conditions of the in vitro rapid propagation system of some Zingiberaceae plants based on plant tissue culture technology. The conditions discussed in this paper mainly consisted of the selection and disinfection of explant, induction, proliferation and differentiation of clustered buds and callus, and rooting culture. We also discussed the problems and solutions in the establishment of in vitro rapid propagation system of Zingiberaceae plants. Meanwhile, the application of plant tissue culture in Zingiberaceae was prospected. The results could provide reference for the healthy and rapid development of the industry of Zingiberaceae plants.

  Effects of Spraying Different Foliar Fertilizers on the Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Seedlings GU Duanyin, JIAO Juan, YAN Weiqiang, CHEN Zhen, LIU Zhongliang, GAO Junjie 2023, 13 (4):  79-83.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0030 Abstract + ( 218 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1264KB )   ( 186 ) The effects of different foliar fertilizers on eggplant seedlings’ growth, development and photosynthesis were determined by taking ‘Jingqie Heilongwang’ eggplant as the test material. The fertilizers were sprayed on the front and back sides of the leaves at three true leaf stage, taking water as control (CK), conventional foliar fertilizer (0.1% urea+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate) as T1, 0.1 g/L and 0.05 g/L humic acid as T2 and T3, 0.03 g/L and 0.015 g/L compound organic acid as T4 and T5. The results showed that compared with CK, the eggplant plant seedling height, leaf area growth and number of leaves were promoted by spraying conventional foliar fertilizer, humic acid and compound organic acid. The increasing effect of T3 and T5 treatments were the best. T1-T5 treatments promoted the dry matter accumulation of eggplant seedlings, and T2 was the best. The chlorophyll a content increased significantly under T3 and T5 treatments, which was 32.6% and 33.7% higher than that of CK respectively. Spraying humic acid increased the content of chlorophyll b, and spraying compound organic acid increased the content of carotenoid.

  Adaptability, Yield and Quality Characteristics of Introduced Tea Plant Cultivars in Guiyang GUO Can, LIN Kaiqin, GAO Xiubing, GUO Yan, QIAO Dahe, YAO Jianmei, YANG Chun, LI Yan, ZHANG Xiaoqin 2023, 13 (4):  84-92.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0028 Abstract + ( 165 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1339KB )   ( 113 ) To comprehensively evaluate the adaptability, yield and quality characteristics of 14 introduced tea plant cultivars in Guiyang, the survival rate, phenological period, yield and quality of the cultivars were analyzed with ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ as the control (CK). The results showed that among the 14 tested tea plant cultivars, ‘Qingxin1’ and ‘Baojinghuangjincha1’ had poor adaptability and the planting survival rate was significantly lower than that of CK and other cultivars. The phenological period of 6 cultivars, such as ‘Chuannonghuangyazao’, ‘Zhongxuan10’, and ‘Zhenong901’, were earlier than that of CK, among which ‘Chuannonghuangyazao’ with the earliest phenological period had the one bud and one leaf stage 4-15 days earlier than that of CK. The phenological period of ‘Zhongcha112’, ‘Chuanmu28’ and ‘Zhenong902’ were similar to that of CK. The phenological period of 5 cultivars, such as ‘Qingxin1’, ‘TRI25’, and ‘Zhenong702’, were later than that of CK, among which ‘Qingxin1’ with the latest phenological period had the one bud and one leaf stage 3-12 days later than that of CK. In terms of yield, the average yield of ‘Mabianlv1’ and ‘Chuanmu28’ were the highest, which increased by about 52% and 39% compared with that of CK, respectively. The average yield of ‘Qingxin1’ was significantly lower than that of CK (about 41% lower). There was no significant difference of yield between other tea plant cultivars and CK. Sensory evaluation showed that the baked green tea of ‘TRI23’, ‘Zhenong902’, ‘Mabianlv1’, ‘Chuanmu28’ and ‘Baojinghuangjincha1’ had a special or obvious floral fragrance and a heavy and mellow taste, which were easier to process high-quality green tea. In summary, according to the comprehensive performance of the 14 introduced tea plant cultivars in the experimental sites in Guiyang of Guizhou Province, ‘Mabianlv1’, ‘Chuanmu28’, ‘Zhenong902’, ‘TRI23’and ‘Yusun’ have a good overall performance in planting. ‘Zhongxuan10’, ‘Zhenong701’, ‘Zhenong901’, ‘Chuannonghuangyazao’, ‘Zhenong702’, ‘TRI25’ and ‘Zhongcha112’ have a moderate performance. Although ‘Qingxin1’ and ‘Baojinghuangjincha1’ have poor adaptability, their tea making-quality is excellent.

  Implementation Effect of Direct Subsidy Policy for Grain Production in Inner Mongolia: Investigation and Analysis WANG Qian 2023, 13 (4):  93-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0019 Abstract + ( 178 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1109KB )   ( 115 ) To promote grain production and ensure food security, the No. 1 document of the CPC Central Committee in 2004, which gave suggestions on increasing farmers’ income, put forward direct subsidies to grain crop producers. Since then, although China has taken some steps to improve the effect of grain subsidy policy, the policy has achieved little effect. The direct subsidy policy has not played its due role in motivating farmers’ enthusiasm for growing grain crops and improving the grain production capacity. Based on field investigation carried out in the main grain producing areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, this study clarified the status quo, achievements and existing problems of the implementation of the direct subsidy policy, and proposed suggestions such as directly linking subsidies to grain production and enhancing the orientation of subsidy policies.