Current issue

• 2023 Vol.13 No.9 Published:20 September 2023

  Different Concentrations of Paclobutrazol on Seedling Quality and Yield Composition of Japonica Rice in Southern Henan HU Yang, DUAN Bin, FANG Ling, HE Shijie, LI Huilong, SONG Xiaohua, YU Xinchun, CHANG Xingyuan 2023, 13 (9):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0114 Abstract + ( 159 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1237KB )   ( 80 ) To explore the regulation effect of spraying paclobutrazol at seedling stage on japonica rice in southern Henan Province, in this study, two japonica rice varieties, ‘Xinjing 1787’ and ‘Nanjing 5718’, were used as materials, and different concentrations of paclobutrazol were sprayed through one-leaf and one-heart. Six concentrations (based on active components) were set as M0 (0 mg/L), M1 (40 mg/L), M2 (80 mg/L), M3 (120 mg/), M4 (160 mg/L) and M5 (200 mg/L). The effects of different concentrations of paclobutrazol on seedling quality, dry matter weight, SPAD value and yield composition were evaluated from 2020 to 2021. The results showed that with the increase of paclobutrazol concentration, the seedling height of the two varieties decreased in the two years, the root growth was conducive to tillering, the dry matter accumulation at jointing stage, full heading stage and maturity stage increased first and then decreased, and the SPAD value increased. In terms of yield composition, with the increase of paclobutrazol concentration, except that the number of grains per spike decreased, other indexes increased compared with the control. All indexes of ‘Xinjing 1787’ were the best at M4, and ‘Nanjing 5718’ had a better performance at M3. In conclusion, spraying paclobutrazol at appropriate concentrations could improve seedling quality, dry matter weight, SPAD value and yield of japonica rice in southern Henan.

  Effects of Different Varieties and Sowing Dates on Resistance to Yellow Mosaic Virus and Yield of Wheat YANG Ning, ZHAO Shihua, CHONG Dongdong, LI Jingxin, WANG Xiuqin, DONG Lingxia, DU Zongqing, LI Rui 2023, 13 (9):  8-12.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0123 Abstract + ( 160 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1178KB )   ( 84 ) To prevent the occurrence and spread of wheat yellow mosaic virus disease, three wheat varieties, ‘Luyuan 502’, ‘Xinmai 296’ and ‘Qimin 8’ were tested for resistance to wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) on two different sowing dates: October 20th and November 1st of 2021. The results showed that wheat yellow mosaic virus disease was asymptomatic in ‘Qimin 8’ sown on the two dates. And in ‘Luyuan 502’ sown on November 1st, the disease was asymptomatic too. However, the new leaves of ‘Luyuan 502’sown on October 20th showed chlorotic streaks or yellow mosaic symptoms. ‘Xinmai 296’ sown on the two sowing dates showed chlorotic streaks or yellow mosaic symptoms on most leaves, sometimes, the variety showed new leaf distortion, and the plant dwarfing was not obvious. Under the sowing date of October 20th, the highest yield was observed in ‘Qimin 8’ (8960.4 kg/hm2), followed by ‘Luyuan 502’ (8570.4 kg/hm2) and ‘Xinmai 296’ (8330.4 kg/hm2), and the average yield of the three varieties reached 8620.4 kg/hm2. Under the sowing date of November 1st, the highest yield was found in ‘Qimin 8’ (8120.4 kg/hm2), followed by ‘Xinmai 296’ (6260.25 kg/hm2) and ‘Luyuan 502’ (6190.35 kg/hm2), and the average yield of the three varieties was 6857 kg/hm2. The average yield of the three varieties sown on October 20th was 1763.4 kg/hm2 higher than that on November 1st. The effect of reducing the incidence of wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) could be achieved by the combination and improvement of technologies of wheat variety selection, soil improvement, late sowing, and fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement.

  Regulating Summer Maize Root Distribution and Yield by Combined Application of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizer HUANG Hui 2023, 13 (9):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0105 Abstract + ( 140 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1206KB )   ( 90 ) The study explored the regulating effect of combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on summer maize root distribution and yield, and investigated the effect of maize root system on yield formation, aiming to promote root and soil interaction, enhance root and water-fertilizer coupling, and improve yield and nitrogen (N) use efficiency. ‘Zhengdan 958’ was used as the experimental material. There were four treatments: chemical fertilizer treatment (U), organic manure treatment (M), organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer (U+M), and no fertilizer treatment (CK). The difference of N use efficiency under the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer was studied in field experiments. The results showed that U+M increased root dry weight and root length density, especially root length density in 40-80 cm soil layer. It also prompted deep root growth and reasonable root spatial distribution, improved the harmony of deep roots and nutrients, extended the root function period, which could not only meet the nutrient requirement in the early maize growth stage but also provide sufficient nutrient for the later period. So, the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer had higher nitrogen accumulation amount, nitrogen partial productivity, and nitrogen agronomic utilization efficiency compared with other treatments, and it was beneficial to grain formation and yield increase. Chemical fertilizer treatment and organic manure treatment enhanced root growth in topsoil, which was not conducive to yield formation. In short, the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer can maintain N balance and improve N use efficiency on the premise of keeping the yield level and reducing environment risks. The study can provide a theoretical basis for maize production in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.

  The Potential Yield of Farming Production and Demand of Cultivating Technology of Rubber Dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz) WU Lanfang 2023, 13 (9):  18-24.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0103 Abstract + ( 180 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1356KB )   ( 176 ) Rubber dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz) (TK) is considered the best alternative and promising rubber-producing crop for a severe shortage of natural rubber (NR). In order to further understand the potentiality of TK as an economic crop for industrialization, a comprehensive analysis was carried out based on the retrieval of the development and research progress at home and abroad. The results indicated that TK had a great potential in the increase of root-latex output and economic benefits for exploitation and development, because its root contained not only high-quality latex but also other healthy and functional food additives, such as inulin. However, the primary bottleneck problem of the industrializing development is lack of feasible agronomy measures with high-yield and efficiency, resulting in low root-rubber yield, high production cost and low production efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to target increasing root yield as well as root latex content to accelerate the research of both agronomic traits and cultivating measures on TK cropping in field. The focuses of research are as follows: domestication and improvement of agronomic traits and their adaptability, mechanized direct seeding techniques in field and suitable planting patterns with tillage, plants population formation and prevent from field weeds developing, plant growth rhythm and optimized ways of fertilizing and watering, accumulation and distribution of functional matter and proper harvesting period, and so on. Finally, to integrate planting models and technical systems that are suitable for the characteristics of resource endowment in different regions will be conducive to promoting the development of TK into a feasible industrial economic crop.

  Effects of Different Sowing Dates on Yield and Agronomic Characters of Vegetable Spring Soybean ZHOU Enqiang, YAO Mengnan, ZHOU Yao, XUE Dong, WANG Yongqiang, ZHAO Na, WEI Libin, WANG Xuejun, MIAO Yamei 2023, 13 (9):  25-30.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0127 Abstract + ( 139 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1180KB )   ( 102 ) To explore the effects of different sowing dates on the yield and agronomic characters of vegetable spring soybean varieties, so as to give full play to the yield potential and market value of each vegetable spring soybean variety. This study took seven vegetable spring soybean varieties as experimental materials and set three sowing dates to explore the changes of agronomic traits, growth period and yield of vegetable spring soybean at different sowing dates. The results showed that the yield of ‘Sucheng 2’, ‘Sucheng 4’, ‘Sucheng 6’, ‘Sucheng 7’ and ‘Xin 3’ was the highest in the second sowing date. ‘Sucheng 8’ and ‘Suxin 6’ had the highest yield in the third sowing date. The flowering and harvesting period of each variety were shortened with the delay of sowing date. Simultaneously, the plant height, branch number, initial pod height, number of main stem nodes, effective pod number per plant, 100-seed fresh weight and fresh seed weight per plant all changed significantly at different sowing dates. In summary, appropriate sowing date can help to maximize the yield potential of vegetable spring soybean. It is recommended that the first sowing date should select the variety ‘Sucheng 4’, the second sowing date should select ‘Sucheng 6’, and the third sowing date should select ‘Suxin 6’.

  Effects of Multiple Cultivation Factors and Soil Nutrients on Tobacco Stem Ratio of ‘Yunyan 105’: A Correlation Analysis PAN Yihong, CAI Xianjie, DENG Tao, ZUO Weibiao, LI Xiaoting, XU Jichao, FENG Yonghong, BAO Hua, YAN Ding 2023, 13 (9):  31-37.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0098 Abstract + ( 108 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1326KB )   ( 55 ) To reduce the stem ratio and improve the industrial value of tobacco leaves, taking ‘Yunyan 105’ as the experimental material, the orthogonal test design was used to study the effects of four factors, including pure nitrogen amount, plant spacing, topping time and number of leaves remained, on the stem ratio of tobacco leaves, and to analyze the relationship between soil nutrients and stem ratio. The results showed that the optimal scheme to reduce the stem ratio of tobacco leaves was 82.5 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen application, 55 cm of plant spacing, topping at bud emergence and 22 leaves remained. The primary and secondary order of the influencing factors was topping time> plant spacing > pure nitrogen application amount > number of leaves remained, and the weight of topping time, which was the primary factor, was 0.6219. Soil pH and total soil phosphorus content were significantly correlated with tobacco stem ratio, and the regression equation was Y=-130.839+18.486X4+22.112X1 (X4 was total phosphorus content, and X1 was pH value). The optimal scheme of cultivation factors can effectively reduce the stem ratio of ‘Yunyan 105’, and soil total phosphorus content and pH value have significant effects on the stem ratio of ‘Yunyan 105’.

  Research Progress and Prospects of Circadian Clock in Lepidoptera QUAN Linfa, YAO Qiong, DONG Yizhi, XU Shu, CHI Yanyan, CHEN Bingxu 2023, 13 (9):  38-45.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0097 Abstract + ( 274 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1940KB )   ( 238 ) A long period of evolution causes obviously diurnal and seasonal rhythmic changes in insect life and behavior-circadian clock. At present, Lepidoptera is the most species-rich group of insects, including about 160000 identified species of butterflies and moths, and nearly 70% of the important major agricultural and forestry pests belong to Lepidoptera. The research progress of the circadian clock in Lepidoptera is of great significance for in-depth analysis of variable physiological and behavioral regulation mechanisms of Lepidoptera, effective development of the production of economic insects, and the control of agricultural and forestry pests. In this paper, the effects of the circadian clock on hatching, eating, growth, metamorphosis, reproduction and diapause, courtship behavior and migration in Lepidoptera were summarized. And the critical research advances of molecular regulation of circadian clock and coordinated regulation of circadian clock and endocrine hormones in Lepidoptera were particularly described. Based on the circadian clock principle, we discussed the co-evolutionary relationship between Lepidoptera and plants and its important ecological implications, and the application prospect of circadian clock theory in agricultural pest control and economic insect rearing improvement.

  Impacts of Varying Habitats on the External Morphological Structure of Ageratina adenophora Leaves YANG Nanxi, LIU Xianbin, ZHAO Xingshuo, DONG Han 2023, 13 (9):  46-53.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0116 Abstract + ( 112 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1243KB )   ( 91 ) To investigate the external morphological structure of Ageratina adenophora leaves in various habitats, the key environmental factors controlling different external morphological structure of A. adenophora leaves were analyzed and discussed. This project was carried out in the campus of Yuxi Normal University of Yunnan Province. 10 local common habitats were selected to investigate the length, width, ratio of length to width, leaf area, number and proportion of serrations on both sides of the leaf edge of A. adenophora in each habitat, and to analyze the impacts of different environmental factors as well as their combinations on the external morphological structure of A. adenophora leaves. The study results showed that the three groups of data including leaf length, width and leaf area of A. adenophora obviously changed among the 10 selected habitats, and their change patterns were also consistent; the order from large to small was: artificial cultivation (shade) > farmland ≈ artificial cultivation (full light) ≈ pond side (wet) > farmland ridge ≈ forest gap > forest shade > road edge (shade) ≈ pond side (dry) > road edge (full light). There was no significant difference in the ratio of leaf length to width among the 10 selected habitats, which was about 1.35; the numbers of serrations on both sides of the leaf edge were both about 12 in the 10 habitats, and the ratio of serrations on both sides was about 1.00. The analysis results of the investigation data also fully proved that the impacts of light intensity, soil moisture and nutrient content as well as the interactions of the three environmental factors on the length, width and leaf area of A. adenophora reached an extremely significant level, but the effects on the shape of leaves and the number and proportion of serrations on both sides of the leaf edge were apparently weak.

  Effects of Biochar Application to Three Types of Soils on the Uptake of Nitrogen and Potassium in Flue-cured Tobacco LI Caibin, ZHANG Jiuquan, HE Yi 2023, 13 (9):  54-62.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0122 Abstract + ( 108 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1228KB )   ( 82 ) A pot experiment was conducted at Hetian S&T Research Station of Bijie in Guizhou Province, to explore the effect of biochar application rate on nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) uptake in flue-cured tobacco. A factorial design with two factors (3 types of soils × 5 biochar rates) and a completely randomized layout were used in this experiment. Soil samples of yellow soil, yellow brown soil and calcareous soil were collected from tobacco planting field (0-20 cm). The biochar application rate was 0%, 0.1%, 1%, 2.5% and 5.0% (w/w, equivalent to 0, 1.25, 12.5, 31.3, 62.5 t/hm2 of field use). The results showed that: compared with the control (no biochar application), under the biochar application rate of 5.0%, the number of lateral roots per tobacco plant in yellow soil, calcareous soil and yellow brown soil increased by 17.0, 30.7 and 20.3, respectively, 150.0%, 137.4%, and 67.1% higher than that of the control, respectively. With the increase of biochar rate, the N uptake of tobacco roots, stems, leaves and whole plant increased, but the biochar rates for the highest N uptake by tobacco plants in different types of soils were different. With the biochar rate increase, the K content of roots and leaves of tobacco increased, with the maximum increase of 47.8% and 32.3%, respectively, and the K content of roots increased most obviously. The K uptake in roots, stems and leaves of tobacco increased continuously, with the maximum increase of 311.8%, 87.9% and 144.7%, respectively. In conclusion, the application of biochar can significantly increase the number of lateral roots of tobacco plants, and raise the uptake of N and K in tobacco.

  Effects of Different Previous Crops and Planting Densities on Agronomic Characters of Garlic LI Guoqing, CONG Xinjun, ZHANG Dajian, ZHAO Na, LI Guoyu 2023, 13 (9):  63-66.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0120 Abstract + ( 135 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1167KB )   ( 67 ) To study the effects of different previous crops and planting densities on garlic growth and development, a two-factor test was set up in this study, including previous crops of soybean (A1) and millet (A2), and planting densities of M1 and M2, then the agronomic character indexes and yield of garlic under different treatments were determined. The results showed that the agronomic character indexes of garlic under A1 treatment were higher than those under A2 treatment with very significant difference, and the indexes under M2 treatment were higher than those under M1 treatment with significant difference. There was no significant difference of yield among the treatments. So, optimizing previous crops and planting density in garlic production can improve its marketability.

  Diversity Analysis of Ancient Tea Trees in Wa Autonomous County of Cangyuan TANG Jie, YANG Xuanyu, LI Shaohua, LIU Xiaohui, LIANG Mingzhi, LIU Dandan 2023, 13 (9):  67-73.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0132 Abstract + ( 143 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1743KB )   ( 133 ) To effectively and rationally utilize the ancient tea tree resources, the morphological and genetic diversity of the ancient tea tree resources in Wa Autonomous County of Cangyuan in Yunnan Province were analyzed. Based on the individual investigation and analysis of 634 ancient tea trees, the results show that the main germplasms of ancient tea trees in Cangyuan are Dali tea (Camellia taliensis) and Pu-erh tea (C. assamica). The average ground diameter of ancient tea trees is 26.729 cm, the average diameter at breast height is 18.816 cm, the average trunk height is 1.184 m, the average tree height is 5.655 m, and the average crown width is 2.931 m, respectively. According to the strength of the growth potential, the trees are divided into three groups: strong, medium and weak, and the growth of most ancient tea trees is of medium level. For tea trees of 500-year-old or above, the average genetic variation coefficient is 46.505%, and the Shannon-Wiener index (H') ranges from 0.873 to 1.858, indicating that the genetic diversity of ancient tea trees is rich, and the availability of ancient tea trees is high in the selection of excellent resources. The average traits of 42 investigation sites were divided into three categories by cluster analysis, and the genetic regional characteristic of each trait is not significant. The ancient tea trees in Cangyuan are Dali tea and Pu-erh tea. The individual plants of ancient tea trees are distributed in the shape of small settlements, and there is a large genetic diversity of phenotypic traits among individual plants. The results can provide reference for tea tree breeding and help the conservation and utilization of ancient tea tree resources.

  Design and Energy Consumption Analysis of Wind-Solar Complementary Facility Greenhouse DONG Jiarui, DONG Liguo, WANG Cheng, GE Yongqi, MA Lixin, WU Yungang 2023, 13 (9):  74-80.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0133 Abstract + ( 126 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1276KB )   ( 103 ) In order to explore the feasibility of wind-solar hybrid power generation in the field of facility agriculture, the central arid zone in Ningxia, which is rich in wind-solar resources, was selected as test area. Based on the existing foundation, a kind of solar greenhouse that can be powered by wind-solar hybrid power generation system is designed, and related indicators such as wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation were calculated and analyzed. The research shows that the wind and solar complementarity is good in the central part of Ningxia, which is suitable for the application of wind and solar hybrid power generation system. Under reasonable configuration, the annual power generation capacity of this power generation system is about 15481.3 kW·h, which can meet the routine use of daily greenhouses in spring, summer and autumn. Moreover, there is a surplus in power generation, and grid-connected power generation can be realized if conditions permit. In winter, due to the low temperature at night, the greenhouse needs to be heated by electric heaters, resulting in a sudden increase in power consumption, requiring an external power supply or other heating methods.

  Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Agrometeorological Disasters in Zibo and Its Impacts on Grain Yield LIU Yan, HUAN Haijun 2023, 13 (9):  81-87.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0018 Abstract + ( 145 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1536KB )   ( 98 ) To reveal the risk of agrometeorological disasters in Zibo City and ensure food safety production, based on the agrometeorological disaster data and grain yield data of Zibo from 1983 to 2020, the temporal and spatial distribution of main agrometeorological disasters in Zibo, the development trend of disasters and the correlation degree of grain yield were analyzed by using the methods of trend analysis, grey correlation method and Hurst index. The results showed that: (1) the agrometeorological disasters occurred frequently in Zibo. The order of occurrence frequency was drought, gale, hail, flood, typhoon and freezing disaster. The proportion of disasters varied greatly from year to year. (2) The disaster rate of the four types of meteorological disasters showed a downward trend, with uneven spatial distribution: drought disaster was most serious in Gaoqing and Yiyuan; flood disaster was most serious in Gaoqing; gale disaster was most serious in Huantai and Zhoucun; hail disaster in Gaoqing was the most serious. (3) The future change trend of disaster rate was anti sustainable upward. The correlation analysis with grain output showed that drought was the most closely related, followed by gale, flood disasters. In the future, the risk of agricultural meteorological disasters in Zibo City will be severe, the main meteorological disaster affecting grain production is drought, and prevention and control should be strengthened.

  Climate Change during Frost Period in Northwest Liaoning and Meteorological Service Countermeasures ZHAO Lingchen, WANG Lulu, ZHAO Hujia, ZHANG Mengjia, WANG Saidi, MA Lin, LIU Yuche, LIU Zhenhong 2023, 13 (9):  88-93.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0089 Abstract + ( 125 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1275KB )   ( 79 ) To fully utilize of climate resources to adapt to climate change and avoid the risk of meteorological disasters of the facility agriculture in frost period, the meteorological data of northwest of Liaoning was used to analyze the climate resources change in frost period, and the countermeasures of meteorological service for frost period agriculture facility were discussed. The results showed that the temperature in frost period increased and was unstable in northwest of Liaoning Province, the extreme minimum temperature was more prominent, the snow in frost period increased, the number of cloudy days increased, the sunshine time decreased, the total solar radiation weakened, the wind intensity increased, and the extreme weather phenomenon in frost period had a significant impact on the facility agriculture in frost period. To promote the development of facility agriculture in frost period, it was necessary to establish an integrated service system of evaluation, monitoring and early warning meteorological services from the aspects of facility agriculture engineering, environmental control, energy saving by using climate resources and adaptation to climate change. A professional, dynamic, diversified and refined facility agricultural meteorological service warning platform should be built to improve the ability of disaster prevention and reduction and ensure the sustainable development of facility agriculture in frost period.

  Analysis of Growth Characteristics of Quinoa at Different Sowing Dates in the Eastern Qaidam Basin SHEN Ju, ZHANG Chanjuan, XIN Pingping, LI Na 2023, 13 (9):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0149 Abstract + ( 135 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1249KB )   ( 78 ) The area of Qaidam Basin is long and narrow from east to west, and the agricultural and animal husbandry areas are mainly in the middle and east due to the prominent difference in precipitation. The differences in meteorological conditions and quinoa growth under different sowing dates were tested and analyzed, in order to lay a foundation for the promotion and planting of quinoa in the arid areas of the central and western Qaidam Basin. Based on the data of 10 interval sowing experiments carried out in Wulan, eastern Qaidam Basin, the effects of sowing date on the growth period and meteorological conditions, agronomic characters and yield in each period were analyzed. The results showed that the entire growth period of the experimental area was 135-157 days, and the required ≥0℃ accumulated temperature was 1913.6-2188.3℃; The ≥0℃ accumulated temperature from grouting to maturity was 774.2℃ and above. There was a significant negative correlation between the branching stage, ear emergence stage, maturity stage, and full growth stage with the sowing date and ≥0℃ accumulated temperature during the period. Plant height of t1, 1000 grain weight, and yield were the highest, while t2 had the highest number of effective branches and stem diameter. The overall performance of the experiment was a negative correlation between agronomic traits and yield and sowing date, and a highly significant positive correlation between accumulated temperature throughout the entire growth period and stem diameter and yield. Large area irrigation in arid and semi-arid areas reduced the impact of precipitation on the growth of quinoa, but it was positively correlated with flowering stage, significantly negatively correlated with filling stage, maturity stage, full growth stage, and effective branch number, and significantly positively correlated with yield. The duration of light exposure was significantly positively correlated with effective branching, plant height, and yield, but better light exposure was beneficial for shortening the crop growth period. The late sowing time (t9 and t10) led to immaturity. The experimental results provide a theoretical reference for the large- scale promotion of quinoa planting and post disaster replanting.