Current issue

• 2023 Vol.13 No.10 Published:20 October 2023

  Research Progress of Breeding Model, Method and Regionalization of Konjac Seed Taro CAI Yangguang, DUAN Longfei, QIN Jianfeng, GUO Bangli, CHEN Guo’ai, ZHANG Bairen 2023, 13 (10):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0147 Abstract + ( 263 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1327KB )   ( 224 ) This paper summarizes the main breeding models, methods and regionalization of konjac seed taro in China, including breeding models of field, understory, facility and courtyard breeding, breeding methods of using rhizomes or corms, cuttings, plant tissue culture and seed breeding, and 4 main regions and 6 sub-regions of Konjac seed breeding. Based on the review, the paper proposes suggestions including reasonable layout of konjac varieties under different climate conditions, innovative development of economic forest, fruit forest and breeding facilities suitable for interplanting konjac; integrates mountain konjac cultivation techniques to prevent drought and waterlogging, biological diversity and multi-dimensional interplanting technology for weed prevention and control, and konjac - soybean - corn strip interplanting technology. The above results improve and innovate the breeding mode and method of konjac seed taro, and expand the suitable planting area of konjac, in order to promote the development of konjac industry in the mountainous area of southwest China.

  Organic Carbon and Acidity and Alkalinity of Orchard Soils in Typical Geomorphic Areas of Zhejiang and Countermeasures for Improving Soil Quality WANG Jingwen, CHEN Zhiliang, XIE Guoxiong 2023, 13 (10):  8-12.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190800168 Abstract + ( 165 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1135KB )   ( 235 ) To understand the quality status of orchard soils in typical regions of Zhejiang Province, 148 representative orchards were selected from four geomorphic areas of hilly, valley, water-network and coastal plains of Zhejiang, and the status and variation regularity of soil organic carbon and acidity and alkalinity in orchard soils in different geomorphic areas were evaluated. The results showed that the soil organic carbon and pH of orchards in Zhejiang ranged from 2.64-16.58 g/kg and pH 4.15-8.42, soil organic carbon content decreased in the order of water-network plain (11.81 g/kg) > valley plain (10.24 g/kg) > hilly area (8.04 g/kg) > coastal plain (7.62 g/kg), while soil pH decreased in the order of coastal plain (6.90) > water-network plain (5.76) > valley plain (5.83) > hilly area (5.14). The soil acidification of the orchards was obvious. The soil pH decreased with planting years in valley plain, water-network plain and coastal plain, while soil organic carbon in hilly and coastal plain increased. It is suggested that attention should be paid to the input of organic materials in orchards in hilly and coastal plain areas, and lime application should be strengthened for regulating soil acidity in orchards of hilly areas.

  Research Progress of Breeding and Spawn Propagation of Auricularia cornea YE Lei, LI Xiaolin, ZHANG Bo, YANG Xuezhen, TAN Wei, ZHANG Xiaoping 2023, 13 (10):  13-22.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0130 Abstract + ( 189 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1475KB )   ( 125 ) The research methods and recent progress of domestication breeding (systematic breeding), crossbreeding including single-single hybridization, single-double hybridization, multi-spore hybridization (self-crossing) and protoplast fusion breeding, mutation breeding and molecular breeding technologies of Auricularia cornea in China were summarized. Some newly bred cultivars and their characteristics were introduced, and the research methods for the propagation of A. cornea in solid and liquid strains were summed up. Molecular marker-assisted breeding, genome editing, genomic selection and other molecular breeding methods are proposed for future crossbreeding of A. cornea in China. The high-efficiency breeding technology will be rapidly applied, the commercial breeding of A. cornea will be actively promoted, and the ‘breeding- propagation- promotion’ system will be gradually improved.

  Study on the Traits of Different Cucumber Varieties Based on DUS Test CHANG Longbo, YU Lizhi 2023, 13 (10):  23-30.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0134 Abstract + ( 141 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1386KB )   ( 116 ) To optimize the application of coincidence coefficient, coefficient of variation, F test and correlation analysis in cucumber DUS test, and clarify the specificity and stability of cucumber varieties, the cucumber plant, leaf and fruit traits were observed and measured through DUS test on three different cucumber varieties. The expression differences of population visual traits and individual measurement traits of different cucumber varieties were analyzed, and different methods were used to comprehensively evaluate the test traits. The results showed that the coincidence coefficient of 14 traits in 21 populations was 1, while the growth potential, fruit edge, trichome density and tumor number were different. The variation coefficient of female flower node rate and fruit melon length was 0.18-0.27 and 0.12-0.19, respectively, and there were great differences among the varieties. Through F test and correlation analysis, it was concluded that the first female flower node, female flower node rate, main vine internode length, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit longitudinal diameter/ transverse diameter and fruit edge showed significant differences. F test showed that the yield among the varieties showed significant difference. Comprehensive analysis can determine that variety 1 (newly improved Yantai cucumber) and variety 2 (Zhongnongyandi 1) have specificity and stability.

  Research Status of Resource Treatment of Fruit Trees Discarded Branches LI Jinghua, SUN Yidan, LIANG Jiayi, LI Meifang 2023, 13 (10):  31-36.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0138 Abstract + ( 189 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1190KB )   ( 352 ) With the continuous expansion of orchard planting area in China, the amount of discarded branches of fruit trees is increasing. Discarded branches of fruit trees are rich in minerals and are valuable biological resources, but current improper use of them has caused the waste of resources. This study reviews the utilization and treatment status of fruit tree branches, summarizes the existing problems in the resource treatment of discarded branches of fruit trees, and puts forward suggestions on the problems.The study could provide reference for the in-depth exploration and promotion and application ofdiscarded branch treatment of fruit trees in the future.

  The Strigolactones Inhibitory Factor D53/SMXLs: A Review WANG Xueling, WANG Ruyue, LI Jihong, WANG Jinnan, WANG Dongyue, NIU Muge, SUN Maotong 2023, 13 (10):  37-43.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0070 Abstract + ( 191 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1440KB )   ( 245 ) Strigolactones (SLs) is a new type of plant hormone, which is involved in regulating plant branching, reproductive development, leaf senescence and other biological processes. D53/SMXLs is an inhibitor of monolactone signal transduction pathway, and plays an important role in monolactone signal transduction. The previous studies about strigolactones inhibitory factor D53/SMXLs at home and abroad were reviewed. The discovery, structure, signal transduction mechanism, molecular biological functions and other functions of D53/SMXLs were summarized. At last, it was pointed out that the three aspects of strigolactones signal transduction pathway should be further improved and studied.

  Study on Fruit Quality and Morphological Changes of Pepper in Greenhouse GAO Wenrui, SUN Yanjun, HAN Bing, SHE Fuchun, XU Gang 2023, 13 (10):  44-49.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0163 Abstract + ( 145 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1338KB )   ( 261 ) In order to study the changes of quality and morphological indexes of off-season greenhouse pepper during the development of fruit from green maturity to color change in winter and spring, 4 hot pepper varieties and 2 sweet pepper varieties were selected as the research materials. The single fruit weight, fruit length, fruit shoulder width and other morphological indexes of pepper fruit at different growth and development stages after pollination, as well as the soluble sugar content, Vc content and other quality indexes were detected and analyzed. The results showed that 7-27 days after pollination was the period of rapid growth of pepper fruit, and 37-42 days after flowering was the best harvest time of pepper fruit. At this time, the water content was high, and the Vc, soluble sugar and soluble solids content and single fruit weight basically reached the peak value of the whole growth and development. The results of correlation analysis showed that the fruit morphological indexes were significantly positively correlated with single weight fruit. The content of Vc, soluble solids and total soluble sugar were significantly positively correlated with single fruit weight and most of the fruit morphological indexes, but significantly negatively correlated with fruit water content. And the content of soluble solids was significantly positively correlated with Vc content and soluble sugar content.

  Fuel Utilization of Agricultural Straw in Northeast China: Development and Utilization Modes WANG Su, LIU Jie, HUANG Bo, PEI Zhanjiang, SHI Fengmei, LUO Yifei 2023, 13 (10):  50-55.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190900206 Abstract + ( 144 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1229KB )   ( 91 ) To study the characteristics of different technologies and equipment of straw fuel utilization, and explore the appropriate mode and development path of straw fuel utilization in Northeast China, based on field investigation combined with practical operation experience and cost-effectiveness, this paper analyzes the current situation, process characteristics and development advantages of straw fuel utilization in Northeast China, and sums up three heating modes utilized in the region. The “one village, one factory” household straw briquette utilization mode is suitable for scattered residential rural area. The biomass boiler transformation heating mode is suitable for public institutions in villages and towns with large heating area and the cost can be decreased by 30% in heating period compared with coal-fired boiler. The straw bundled direct fired central heating mode with large and medium-sized boilers could be adapted in cities or towns and its cost is much lower, which can be decreased by 30%-36% in the heating period compared with coal-fired boiler. Finally, the countermeasures of strengthening organizational leadership, innovating development concept, perfecting market mechanism, paying attention to technical support, strengthening publicity and consciousness promotion are put forward based on the key problems existing in the utilization of straw fuel in Northeast China.

  A New Method of Tobacco Transplanting-Cup-covered Transplanting Technology LI Zhen, CHEN Weilin, MA Ying, WEN Hong, WANG Xingshi, LIN Yechun, CAI Kai, GAO Weichang 2023, 13 (10):  56-61.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0145 Abstract + ( 131 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1570KB )   ( 383 ) In order to explore the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of cup-cover transplanting instead of plastic film application, taking appropriative cup and film as test materials,experiments were carried out to study the effect of two transplanting patterns (cup-cover and plastic film mulching) on yield, output value, quality and production cost of flue-cured tobacco. The cup-cover transplanting of tobacco played the role in warming, preventing insect, avoiding hail and water retention of soil through the "micro greenhouse" effect, and the product characteristics and agronomic standards were constructed. Compared with plastic film mulching, cup-cover increased average yield by 75.40 kg/hm2 and outcome by 2770.5 yuan/hm2, decreased plastic consumption by 60.00%and labor consumption by 63.40%. It had been popularized more than 70000 hectares because of its advantages of low consumption and environmental protection, although cup-cover transplanting had functional limitationin high altitude and low temperature areas. As a promising transplanting technology, cup-cover transplanting provides a new method for controlling residual film pollution.

  The Distribution Characteristics of Waterlogging Disaster Risk of Winter Rape (Brassica napus L.) at Seedling Stage in Southwest China HU Ke, HE Peng, GAO Wenbo 2023, 13 (10):  62-69.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0129 Abstract + ( 119 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1998KB )   ( 90 ) Studying the distribution characteristics of crop meteorological disaster risk has scientific significance for optimizing crop production planning, preventing disasters and reducing damages. Southwest China is one of the major winter rape (Brassica napus L.) producing areas, and the risk of waterlogging disaster at winter rape seedling stage is affected by autumn rain in western China. Based on studying the spatial distribution characteristics of winter rape at seedling stage in southwest China, we analyzed the distribution characteristics of waterlogging disaster risk by using the definition and computing method of the waterlogging disaster index of winter rape in the industry standard. The results showed that the eastern and central regions of Sichuan Province, Chongqing City, and eastern Guizhou Province were the earliest areas for winter rapeseed to enter the seedling stage. The winter rape seedling stage in southern Yunnan started from early to middle October, and that in northeastern Yunnan and western Guizhou began in late October. Southwestern Sichuan and northern Yunnan were the regions with the latest winter rape seedling stage in the study area. (2) The intensity index of mild, moderate and severe waterlogging disaster of winter rape at seedling stage was 0.69, 1.28 and 1.65, respectively. The probability of mild waterlogging disaster was higher than that of moderate and severe waterlogging disaster in the study area. Areas with high occurrence of different grades of waterlogging disaster at winter rape seedling stage were mainly concentrated in southeastern Sichuan, southwestern Chongqing and northern Guizhou. (3) The risk of waterlogging disaster at winter rape seedling stage in the study area showed the distribution characteristic of high in the east and low in the west. The waterlogging disaster risk at winter rape seedling stage in Yunnan and southwestern and northern Sichuan was low. By contrast, the risk in Chongqing, Guizhou and central and eastern Sichuan was relatively high, especially in Yibin and Luzhou of Sichuan, Jiangjin, Qijiang, Yongchuan and Nanchuan of Chongqing, and Zunyi, Bijie and Guiyang of Guizhou. Therefore, measures such as improving variety structure or optimizing spatial distribution of planting should be adopted in Chongqing, Guizhou, and central and eastern Sichuan to reduce the impact of waterlogging disaster on winter rape at seedling stage.

  Effects of Meteorological Factors at Different Transplanting Dates on the Agronomic Characters of Flue-cured Tobacco Variety ‘HN2146’ in Xiangxi Mountainous Area ZHANG Mingfa, ZHANG Sheng, YUAN Xiaokang, CHAO Jin, TIAN Maocheng, TIAN Yongmei, MA Lin, QIN Lang, LU Kuidong, PENG Yu, KONG Fanyu, TIAN Feng 2023, 13 (10):  70-76.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0139 Abstract + ( 137 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1296KB )   ( 84 ) To clarify main meteorological factors which affect the growth and development process of flue-cured tobacco in mountainous area, and to properly arrange field transplanting date, the field experiments of main tobacco variety ‘HN2146’ with different transplanting dates were carried out for three consecutive years, to analyze the changes of growth period, and define the relationship between sunlight, precipitation and temperature and the growth of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the plant height and stem girth were moderately correlated with the transplanting date of flue-cured tobacco, while the middle leaf length and middle leaf area were strongly correlated with the transplanting date. At the same time, the plant height, stem girth and leaf area of flue-cured tobacco transplanted at T1 (April 12, April 19 and April 26) were the largest, which increased by 6.14%±2.98%, 5.35%±1.69% and 19.38%±5.83%, respectively, compared with the average values of the other four transplanting dates. Simple correlation analysis showed that the effective accumulated temperature≥12℃, precipitation and sunshine duration were significantly positively correlated in pairs, and significantly positively correlated with most agronomic characters. The results of canonical correlation analysis showed that there was a very significant canonical correlation between agronomic characters and meteorological factors. Different transplanting dates of flue-cured tobacco mainly affected precipitation, effective accumulated temperature≥12℃, leaf number and middle leaf length. The results of principal component analysis showed that the first principal component indicated that adjusting different transplanting dates could improve the meteorological factors and agronomic characters of flue-cured tobacco at different transplanting dates, and the effects had similar characteristics. The second principal component indicated that the main differences in influencing meteorological factors and agronomic characters were the changes of upper leaf area, upper leaf length, middle leaf area, stem girth, plant height and effective accumulated temperature≥12℃. Therefore, from the perspective of agronomic characters, April 12, April 19 and April 26 are the best transplanting dates for flue-cured tobacco variety ‘HN2146’ in low, middle and high altitude areas in Xiangxi.

  Study on Drought Risk Degree of Crop Growth Season in Central Liaoning HAN Yanfeng 2023, 13 (10):  77-82.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0162 Abstract + ( 103 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1383KB )   ( 82 ) The study aims to grasp the precipitation change and drought risk degree of crop growth season in central Liaoning, and provide reference for the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, the avoidance of drought risk and the management of agricultural production in the region. Using the precipitation and temperature data of Shenyang Regional Meteorological Center from 1961 to 2020, the author adopted the climate diagnostic analysis method, and chose integral humidity index and dry and wet index to study the satisfaction degree of precipitation to crop growth season, drought change characteristics and drought risk degree. The results showed that the precipitation in the growing season of crops in central Liaoning decreased from 1961 to 2020, with a linear decrease of 40.5 mm. Precipitation satisfaction degree and dry and wet index both showed a downward trend, with a linear decline of 14.5% and 0.13, respectively. The drought risk degree showed a significant upward trend, with the maximum drought risk degree increasing by 17.3%, and an average increase of 11.0 percentage points from 2000 to 2020. Medium drought and severe drought in sowing and seedling periods was about once every three years. Medium drought and severe drought in crop vigorous growth period was about once every 20 years, medium drought and severe drought occurred once every four years in crop mature period. The results can provide reference for understanding the change state of precipitation and drought change characteristics in central Liaoning, recognizing the severity of drought, and avoiding drought risks. The research can also be conducive to “agriculture, rural areas and farmers”, food security, agricultural structure adjustment, drought disaster prevention and mitigation.

  Analysis of the Optimal Potential of Small Farmers’ Household Management Scale in Southern Xinjiang ZHAO Xin, SU Wuzheng, YU Wen 2023, 13 (10):  83-88.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0151 Abstract + ( 146 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1222KB )   ( 94 ) Based on the field investigation of 177 households and the construction of Lagrange function, the optimization of the production scale of animal husbandry in farmers’ households in southern Xinjiang was empirically analyzed. The results show that the breeding scale of 98 households has development potential, accounting for 55.37% of the surveyed households, and the average household income increase potential was 4672 yuan. Among them, for farmers with a certain scale of planting and breeding operations, the potential of income increase is significant, with an average household income of 5694 yuan. The research has pointed out the direction for the optimization of agricultural production structure and the endogenous development of modern agriculture with small farmers as the main body. Policy recommendations have been proposed by supporting their production and operation policies, improving the agricultural socialized service system, leveraging the advantages of village collective organizations, and enhancing their own development capabilities.

  Present Situation and Prospect of Developing Machine Picked Cotton in the Yangtze River Basin WANG Qiongshan, WANG Xiaogang, XIA Songbo, ZHANG Jiaohai, QIN Hongde, FENG Changhui, ZHANG Youchang, BIE Shu 2023, 13 (10):  89-94.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0160 Abstract + ( 137 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1176KB )   ( 99 ) Based on the analysis of the complex changes of the international and domestic cotton situation, this paper describes the current situation and necessity of developing the machine picked cotton industry in the Yangtze River Basin. The advantages of developing machine picked cotton are clarified. We expound the problems and challenges faced by the popularization of machine picked cotton, and discuss the development strategy of machine picked cotton. We provide rational suggestions for the following aspects. The regional and optimized layout for mechanized cotton harvesting shall be developed in the Yangtze River basin. Make full use of the winter fallow fields in the region to develop wheat and rape crops. In the two lakes (Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake) and the two rivers (Yangtze River and Hanjiang River) areas of the Yangtze River Basin, cotton and rape (wheat) double direct seeding and double machine harvesting shall be expanded in nearly 700 thousand hectares of tidal flat and dry land suitable for cotton production. Form a pattern of increasing cotton area and stabilizing rape area in the Yangtze River Basin.

  Research on the Reduction and Reuse of Collective Construction Land: Progress and Prospect FAN Wenyang, LIU Yu 2023, 13 (10):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0098 Abstract + ( 135 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1637KB )   ( 142 ) Based on the systematic review of relevant literature, this paper summarizes the main progress of the research on the reduction of construction land from four aspects: the types and characteristics of collective construction land, the identification of reduced land blocks, the optimization of the reuse direction of reduced land and the mechanism of reuse guarantee, and then puts forward the important direction of further research on the reduction of collective construction land. The results show that the classification system of collective construction land has yet to reach a consensus, the identification model and reuse path of collective construction land reduction plot are actively explored, and the policy mechanism of construction land reduction has a preliminary framework and is being popularized and applied. On the whole, the research on the reduction of collective construction land has a certain foundation. The deepening development of technology progress and land resource utilization management concept will promote the further research on the reduction of collective construction land, including exploring the characteristics and laws of collective construction land utilization, constructing the space-time allocation model of collective construction land reduction, and promoting the innovation of efficient reuse path and measures of reduced land. The research provides a reference for the further development of related research.