Current issue

• 2024 Vol.14 No.5 Published:20 May 2024

  Effects of Drought and Rehydration on Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution of Winter Wheat YIN Xundong, LV Guangde, CHEN Yongjun, QIAN Zhaoguo, LIU Jia, ZOU Junli, ZHANG Jibo, JIANG Mengyuan 2024, 14 (5):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0144 Abstract + ( 92 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1265KB )   ( 37 ) In order to determine the effects of drought and rehydration on dry matter accumulation and distribution in various organs and grain yield of winter wheat, ‘Jimai 22’ was selected as the research object, and 100%(CK), 80%(T1), 50%(T2), 25%(T3) and 0%(T4) of the normal water supply (75 mm) were irrigated at jointing stage (April 2), and rewatered at the flowering stage (April 26) until the soil relative humidity reached 90 %. The dry matter mass and total dry matter mass of each organ of the plant in the two growth stages were measured, as well as the final yield of each treatment. The results showed that dry matter allocation ratio of winter wheat leaves decreased under drought stress at jointing stage, dry matter allocation ratio of stem and ear increased, dry matter allocation ratio of leaf sheath did not change much, and dry matter allocation ratio of all organs recovered to the same level as control after rehydration. The total dry matter weight of winter wheat treated with T1, T2, T3 and T4 decreased by 11.3%, 16.0%, 24.2% and 35.0% compared with CK, and the dry matter weight per spike decreased by 15.7%, 20.0%, 26.6% and 32.0%. The pre-flowering dry matter transport and transport rate of leaves were significantly decreased, while the pre-flowering dry matter transport rate of leaf sheath and stem was significantly increased. Compared with the control, the yield of winter wheat under T1, T2, T3 and T4 treatments decreased by 16.2%, 24.4%, 29.4% and 33.0%, the number of grains per spike decreased by 9.9%, 11.6%, 20.0% and 23.3%, and the sterile spike rate increased by 6.2, 7.5, 9.6 and 8.1 percentage points, respectively. It had little effect on 1000-grain weight and spikelet number. In conclusion, drought at jointing stage leads to dry matter distribution to storage organs such as stems and panicle, and the total dry matter weight and panicle dry matter weight decreased significantly after rehydration, and the greater the degree of drought stress, the greater the range of change. Drought stress at jointing stage resulted in the decrease of panicle number, the increase of sterile panicle rate and the decrease of yield.

  Adaptability and Light-Temperature Sensitivity Analysis of Six Millet Cultivars XIE Huifang, SONG Zhongqiang, XING Lu, ZHANG Yang, LI Long, WANG Suying, LIU Jinrong 2024, 14 (5):  9-15.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0034 Abstract + ( 76 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1348KB )   ( 33 ) In order to explore the regional adaptability of millet varieties and provide reference for the breeding of new millet varieties, ‘Yugu 18’, ‘Yugu 31’, ‘Yugu 32’, ‘Yugu 35’, ‘Yugu 38’ and ‘Yugu 42’ were selected as test materials. The adaptability and sensitivity to light and temperature of 6 varieties were analyzed by coefficient of variation, coefficient of high stability, regression coefficient and relative sensitivity to light and temperature.The agronomic characters of different varieties in different districts were analyzed statistically, and the variation coefficients of different characters among different districts were compared. The results showed that all 6 millet varieties could adapt to 2 or more different ecological regions, especially‘Yugu 18’ showed high yield, stable yield and wide adaptability in 4 different ecological regions. The growth period of the 6 varieties was longer in the early maturing group of northwest spring millet area, the panicle weight, grain weight per panicle and 1000-grain weight were higher in the early maturing group of northwest spring millet area and the middle and late maturing groups of northwest spring millet area, and the panicle length was longer in the northeast spring millet area. There was no obvious trend in yield, plant height and grain emergence rate. The coefficient of variation of agronomic traits was the smallest with 1000-grain weight and the largest at heading stage. Taking Xiagu district as reference, the sensitivity of ‘Yugu 18’ was the weakest in different district groups. ‘Yugu 18’ showed the characteristics of high yield, stable yield and wide adaptability in 4 different ecological regions.

  Key Factors for Improving Deposition Effects of Pesticide Mixture Sprayed by Plant Protection UAV on Rice ZHANG Yongqiang, LI Sijie, LIU Ju, GE Baiyi, TANG Ziqing, PU Xiaoming, LIN Birun, YANG Qiyun, SHEN Huifang, ZHANG Jingxin 2024, 14 (5):  16-23.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0131 Abstract + ( 80 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1886KB )   ( 24 ) This study intended to solve the field operation issues of plant protection UAV exiting in the pesticide application on rice, such as poor uniformity of droplet distribution and low pesticide deposition rates. In this study, we evaluated the influence of different factors on the droplet distribution and pesticide deposition rates after UAV application, such as pesticide adjuvant, application volumes, and flight speeds. Key factors that produced significant differences among different treatments were identified, and their effects on the particle physical properties and wettability of the pesticide mixture were further analyzed. Among the orthogonal tests based on three factors and three levels, areas of droplets collected at the upper layer were significantly higher than both of middle and lower layers, addition of pesticide adjuvant could increase the uniform of droplets distributed at different heights, and the area proportion of droplets collected at middle and lower layers were significantly increased in comparison with the treatments without adjuvant. The pesticide adjuvant, application volumes, and flight speeds were found to affect the pesticide deposition rates to varying degrees, pesticide deposition rates ranged from 43.72% to 68.63%; R values reflecting the influence of three various factors on the pesticide deposition rates were 13.44, 6.25 and 4.93, respectively, and only the difference caused by pesticide adjuvant could reach significant level. After preparation of 0-48 h, addition of two kinds of pesticide adjuvant both significantly reduced the surface tensions and static contact angles of pesticide mixtures, while there was not significant difference between the mixtures prepared with different kinds of adjuvant. Moreover, the variety of pesticide adjuvant that showed higher pesticide deposition rates could also effectively reduce the particle sizes and the dispersion of particle size of pesticide mixture within preparation of 0-48 h. Thus, our research provides an important reference for the improvement of precise pesticide application of UAV on rice, and helps improve the pesticide deposition rates and reduce the loss of pesticides.

  Research on the Long-term Mechanism of Rural Environmental Pollution Control——Based on the Perspective of Evolutionary Game CHEN Jie, WANG He, LI Yu, SHI Changfeng 2024, 14 (5):  24-32.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0074 Abstract + ( 72 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1423KB )   ( 30 ) The problem of rural environmental pollution constrains the development of urbanization, and exploring the long-term mechanism of governance is the weak point of the current research related to rural environmental governance. This paper aims to make up for the shortcomings of existing research. In this paper, the evolutionary game model of rural environmental pollution management is established by taking the three parties of local government, township enterprises and farmers as game subjects. Then the Python software is used to simulate the strategy evolution path of the three parties. It is found that the incentives received by the government for active regulation as well as the costs, the costs of negative government regulation and the losses due to negative regulation, and the total benefits and costs of active implementation of environmental protection strategies by rural enterprises all play an important role in influencing the stability of the long-term mechanism for rural environmental pollution control. According to the conclusion of evolutionary game, we propose to construct a long-term mechanism for rural environmental pollution control in terms of rule of law mechanism, stable financial investment mechanism, administrative supervision and reward and punishment mechanism, science and technology innovation-driven mechanism and multi-object participation mechanism.

  Research Progress in Functions of Chitosan and Its Nanoparticles in Synergism of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides HU Juwei, ZHENG Lei, HUANG Leqiu, MENG Xin, ZHU Xiaojie, LIU Hui, LI Xinzhu, SONG Tao 2024, 14 (5):  33-39.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0126 Abstract + ( 70 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1129KB )   ( 38 ) Chitosan is a natural, safe, and cheap product of chitin deacetylation, which is widely used in industry production due to its own features. In this paper, the function and application of chitosan and its nanoparticles in seed treatment, soil remediation and increasing efficiency of fertilizer and pesticide synergy were reviewed. Chitosan can be used for seed treatment and soil amendment, promoting plant growth and inducing plant tolerance to abiotic and biological stresses. In recent years, chitosan has also been used to synthesize chitosan nanoparticles, as carriers of fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides and microelements, in order to achieve the purpose of reducing stockpiles and increasing efficiency, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. Finally, future research directions of chitosan and its nanoparticles in agriculture were prospected.

  Status of Farmland Plastic Film Residue and Pollution Control Countermeasures in Guizhou Province DAI Liangyu, GAO Weichang, YANG Songhua, LIU Juncong, CHEN Zhu, LIU Taoze 2024, 14 (5):  40-46.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0128 Abstract + ( 60 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1338KB )   ( 36 ) With the increasing years of plastic mulch usage, the "white pollution" caused by its massive residues has significantly deteriorated farmland soil quality and agricultural production, posing a substantial threat to rural ecological safety. This study analyzes the changing trends of plastic mulch usage and covered area from 2001-2021, and the status and recycling of mulch residues from 2019-2022 based on data from China's Rural Statistical Yearbook and fixed-point monitoring. It suggests enhancing farmers' environmental awareness, establishing a mulch recycling system, strengthening monitoring and evaluation, and improving the mulch residue monitoring network. The findings provide data support for the scientific use and recycling of farmland plastic mulch in Guizhou Province and serve as a reference for residue pollution control, fostering high-quality green agricultural development.

  Study on Breeding System of Bougainvillea glabra ‘Mrs. Eva’ DU Xuelin, LIU Yueming, WU Qing, WEN Zhi, LIU Chunqi, WANG Fenglan 2024, 14 (5):  47-53.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0125 Abstract + ( 64 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1707KB )   ( 28 ) To clarify the flowering characteristics and the impact of breeding systems on Bougainvillea glabra 'Mrs. Eva', so as to promote its hybrid breeding and garden application, field observation method was adopted to investigate its flowering phenology, as well as the dynamic process of flowering and morphological characteristics of its flowers. FDA staining method and liquid culture medium method were used to determine its pollen viability and in vitro germination rate. The breeding system was determined through a combination of morphological observation, aniline blue staining method, and field hybridization experiments. The results showed that: (1) the floral tube structure of B. glabra 'Mrs. Eva' was unique, cylindrical with upper part wrinkled and both ends swollen, which hamper most insect pollination. (2) The pollen grains of B. glabra 'Mrs Eva' were round or elliptical in shape, with reticulate patterns; the total pollen count per flower was 1375, and the suitable temperature for pollen germination was 28℃; the pollen exhibits group germination effect. (3) The ratio of pollen quantity to ovule was 11000, and the hybridization index was 4. Based on the results of field bagging and artificial pollination experiments, it can be concluded that the main breeding system of B. glabra 'Mrs. Eva' is cross-pollination type and requires pollinators. The research results are of certain significance for resource utilization and germplasm innovation of B. glabra ‘Mrs. Eva’.

  Selection of Excellent Single Plant and Comprehensive Evaluation of Economic Traits of Yulania denudate ‘Hailuo’ CHENG Mingwei, HAN Wenyan, LUO Xumei 2024, 14 (5):  54-59.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0136 Abstract + ( 53 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1334KB )   ( 18 ) In order to select and promote high-quality germplasm resources of Yulania denudate ‘Hailuo’ in Huaining county, five superior plants were selected from the ancient tree group in Hailuo mountain, and their economic traits including yield per plant, dry weight of 100 buds, volatile oil content, inclusions content were measured for three consecutive years. Principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the economic traits of the selected superior plants. The results showed that: (1) there were significant differences in the indicators of flower bud yield and inclusions among the five selected superior plants, with the coefficient of variation ranging from 8.20% to 50.82%. Among them, the coefficient of variation of 1,8-cineole content and volatile oil content of 100 buds were the largest. (2) Using principal component analysis to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of economic traits, it was found that volatile oil content of 100 buds and annual yield of whole buds were main indicators affecting comprehensive economic traits. The No.1 superior plant with the highest comprehensive evaluation score was selected, which could be promoted as a high-quality germplasm resource for Y. denudate ‘Hailuo’. (3) The evaluation results were basically consistent with the performance of the superior plants in actual production, indicating that principal component analysis could be used as one of the methods for comprehensive evaluation of economic traits of Y. denudate ‘Hailuo’.

  Application of Natural Antioxidant Anthocyanins in Feed Additives HAN Shanshan, YUE Shuning, ZHANG Hongyan, DAI Jiakun, DOU Bingde, LI Zhongling 2024, 14 (5):  60-66.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0121 Abstract + ( 71 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1274KB )   ( 28 ) Anthocyanin, as a natural bioactive substance, is widely used in the livestock and poultry breeding industry. This article reviews the current research progress on anthocyanins and discusses their application in livestock and poultry breeding from the perspective of green breeding and their important role in improving breeding benefits. The promotion of feed additives such as anthocyanins will become an important trend in the future livestock and poultry breeding industry, contributing to the industry's sustainable development.

  Analysis of Causes of Persistent Strong Convective Weather in Guanzhong Region and Its Impact on Agriculture WANG Jinting, GAO Meng, QIAO Danyang, LIU Fan 2024, 14 (5):  67-74.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0124 Abstract + ( 63 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 2475KB )   ( 36 ) The study aims to explore the causes and mechanisms of the occurrence of rare persistent strong convective weather in Guanzhong region and objectively analyze the impact of this process on agriculture. In this paper, the weather situation, water vapor flux dispersion, pseudo-equivalent temperature and environmental parameters of a rare persistent strong weather in July 2021, as well as the meteorological drought index affecting agricultural production and the impact depth of wind and hail on economic forestry and fruits were quantified and objectively analyzed using the new generation of Chinese global atmospheric/land surface reanalysis products, data of conventional high-altitude and ground-based observations, and artificial observation of hail. The results showed that the persistent strong convective weather in Guanzhong region was influenced by the atmospheric long-wave adjustment, with the high altitude cold advection forcing class configuration in the early stage and the low-level warm advection forcing class in the later stage; the transport of low-level easterly airflow, southwest warm and humid airflow at the periphery of the substratum, obvious water vapor convergence and the expansion of the pseudo-equivalent potential temperature dense area and the increase of intensity caused obvious potential instability to provide good water vapor and thermal conditions for the occurrence of strong convective weather at this time. Larger convective effective potential energy, unstable stratification, increased vertical wind shear and appropriate special layer height were favorable potential for the occurrence of strong convective weather. The occurrence of strong convective weather made a positive contribution to drought relief and effective improvement of soil moisture, but local heavy precipitation and windy hail weather caused lodging of some crops and waterlogging or excessive soil wetness in farmland in Guanzhong, which was not conducive to root respiration and nutrient transport of shallow-rooted crops such as corn and kiwi, affecting normal plant growth. A variety of economic forest fruits in the Guanzhong area showed an impact depth of 0.07-0.32 cm and were damaged by shedding. The research results provided the reliable basis for further strengthening agricultural meteorological services and disaster prevention and reduction.

  Analysis of Current Situation of Forest Therapy Base Facilities in Beijing Suburbs ZHANG Yuejuan, ZHANG Shiyi, YUAN Qingye, WANG Lei, AN Tao 2024, 14 (5):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0129 Abstract + ( 58 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1212KB )   ( 27 ) Forest therapy is an effective form of realizing the concept of green development and an effective way to implement the rural revitalization strategy. In order to create and enhance economic growth in rural areas, we investigate the construction of mature therapy and base facilities both at home and abroad, study the development model of therapy and wellness base construction. We analyze the construction and planning of typical forest health base in Beijing suburbs, such as trail facilities, accommodation and catering facilities, medical service facilities, public transportation facilities, health course facilities, guiding and marking facilities and other supporting facilities, so as to provide new ideas for the construction and certification of forest therapy base, promote the upgrading of characteristic tourism in Beijing suburbs, and promote the construction of ecological civilization in Beijing suburbs.

  Construction of Evaluation Methods and Index Systems for Low-Carbon Villages in China Under The "Dual Carbon" Goal WANG Su, XING Kexia, LI Bingfeng, XU Wenyong, WANG Yuxi, DOU Kejun, SHI Fengmei, PEI Zhanjiang, LI Pengfei, LUO Yifei, LIU Jie 2024, 14 (5):  81-89.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0130 Abstract + ( 53 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1275KB )   ( 27 ) In the context of "dual carbon" goal, the scientific construction of evaluation methods and index systems for low-carbon villages in China has important pioneering significance for rural development and planning, and can also provide important support and basis for evaluating and quantifying rural low-carbon levels. Based on the rural energy construction and low-carbon/zero-carbon energy technology, further integrate the concepts of rural revitalization strategy, ecological civilization construction, rural living environment improvement and beautiful rural construction, scientifically set the evaluation object and scope, so as to build a low-carbon village index system. The weight of each index in the evaluation index system was determined by the analytic hierarchy method (AHP), the score was assigned, and the rationality of the low-carbon village evaluation system was verified using the Cronbach alpha coefficient method. Focusing on low-carbon energy use, energy saving, domestic waste treatment and resource utilization, and low-carbon village management in rural life, a total of 15 indicators of 4 standard layers are set up, highlighting the construction level of low-carbon technology application and energy efficiency improvement in village construction, fully considering China's regional differences, combining relevant national policies, standards, norms, etc., setting index data quantification and calculation evaluation benchmark values, and improving and establishing a low-carbon village evaluation system at multiple scales and dimensions. Through the reliability test of the Cronbach alpha coefficient, the reliability of the first-level indicators of China's low-carbon village index system was 0.850, 0.828, 0.833 and 0.805, respectively, and the reliability test results exceeded 0.80, indicating that the evaluation method and index system of China's low-carbon villages were reasonable and feasible.

  Study on Effects of Land Transfer on Human Capital Accumulation of Rural Adolescents and Its Mechanisms HUA Jing, FAN Lujie, LI Ruining, ZHANG Jianxin 2024, 14 (5):  90-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0132 Abstract + ( 64 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1463KB )   ( 23 ) Human capital accumulation is an inevitable requirement for the promotion of rural talent revitalization. Using the CFPS2018 database, in accordance with the logical framework of "land transfer → family education cognition→ intergenerational human capital investment → adolescent human capital accumulation", the paper uses the PSM model and the mediation effect model to explore the effects and mechanisms of land transfer policies on human capital accumulation of rural adolescents, and the differences in the effects are explored based on the gender of household decision makers. The results show that: (1) compared with rural families that did not participate in land transfer, rural families that participated in land transfer has a higher level of adolescent human capital accumulation and their children has a higher academic achievement;(2) rural families involved in land transfer have higher educational cognition, which in turn will increase the material and non-material human capital investments of their adolescent children and ultimately promote the accumulation of adolescent human capital investments; (3) in rural households involved in land transfer, female household decision-makers pay attention to education investment. So, the relevant policy design should focus on how to promote rural land transfer, make up for the shortcomings of human capital accumulation in rural areas, and carry out female poverty alleviation programs to further achieve optimal allocation of educational resources and effective reduction of the gap between urban and rural educational development.