Current issue

• 2024 Vol.14 No.4 Published:20 April 2024

  Allelopathic Effects of Water Extracts from Millet on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Giant Foxtail ZHAO Na, LI Guoyu, LI Guoqing, CONG Xinjun 2024, 14 (4):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0078 Abstract + ( 303 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1290KB )   ( 89 ) In order to explore the allelopathy between millet and giant foxtail growth, the effects of different concentrations of water extracts on foxtail millet seed germination and seedling growth were studied by using‘Jinxuan 6’and ‘Setaria viridis’ as experimental materials. The results showed that different concentrations of water extracts have‘low promotion and high inhibition’on seed germination and seedling growth. Compared with the control, the emergence rate was decreased by 13.888%, and the allelopathic index was -0.139 under the treatment of original solution. The comprehensive indexes of root length, bud length, fresh weight and dry weight were -0.070 and -0.034 under the treatment of original solution and 10 times diluted solution, which showed allelopathic inhibition, meanwhile the total length, leaf area, chlorophyll content and SOD of plant were lower than those of the control. The emergence rate was increased by 33.333% and 11.117% under the treatment of 50 and 100 times diluted solution, and the comprehensive indexes of root length, bud length, fresh weight and dry weight were 0.275 and 0.153, which showed allelopathic promotion. Among them, the 50 times diluted solution had the strongest promotion, the total length, leaf area, chlorophyll content and SOD of plant were significantly different from the control. The millet field is often accompanied by a large number of giant foxtail, the results will provide a theoretical basis for removing the giant foxtail at the seedling stage.

  Preliminary Screening of Soybean Varieties Suitable for Intercropping with Corn in Zibo LIU Weixia, LU Duxu, LU Zhenyu, ZHANG Chao, ZHAI Jiqing, ZHAI Naijia, WANG Guangming 2024, 14 (4):  7-13.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0073 Abstract + ( 294 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1344KB )   ( 82 ) The aim is to promote the healthy and stable development of the corn industry, adjust and optimize the corn planting structure, enrich diversified planting patterns in Zibo City, and achieve the purpose of green, high-quality and efficient production. This study analyzed the comprehensive performance of intercropping between the same corn variety and different soybean varieties, and selected suitable soybean varieties for local intercropping cultivation preliminarily. The results showed that under the same meteorological environment, the incidence of northern leaf blight and smut of maize in intercropping mode was mild, and there was little difference in other characters. The growth period of early maturing and shade tolerant soybean varieties such as ‘Hedou 23’, ‘Hedou 12’, and ‘Qihuang 34’ was 1-3 days shorter than other varieties. They had strong resistance to Riptortuspedestris, moderate and stable main stem height, node number, and bottom pod height. The grain weight per plant was 0.53-1.72 g higher than other varieties, and the yield was 88.81-214.59 kg/hm2 higher than other varieties. Overall, varieties such as ‘Hedou 23’, ‘Hedou 12’, and ‘Qihuang 34’ were suitable for intercropping of corn and soybean in Zibo region.

  Yield Traits and Experimental Environment Evaluation of Sweet Potato Strains Based on GGE Model WANG Tengjiao, QIU Yongxiang, CUI Fuxi, NIU Doudou, LIU Jubo, LI Junling, ZHAO Weining, YANG Liming, LIN Guifen 2024, 14 (4):  14-20.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0095 Abstract + ( 68 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2132KB )   ( 52 ) In order to comprehensively evaluate the genotype and the interaction of genotype and environment of sweet potato in regional test, the GGE biplot was used to analyze the fresh yield of group 2 of high-quality starch strains in regional test of sweet potato in Fujian from 2020 to 2021. The results showed that: ‘Quanshu 26’ had the best yield performance and had strong adaptability in Zhangpu, Fuzhou, Quanzhou, Putian, Sanming, and Nanping in 2020. ‘Longshu 39’ had high and stable yield, which was the ideal variety of the regional test. In 2021, ‘Jinshu 43’ had the best yield and stability, making it an ideal variety of the regional test. ‘Hongjinshu 2’ had high yield and strong regional adaptability in Ningde, Longyan, Sanming, and Fuzhou. In addition, the Sanming pilot had high discrimination and representativeness in the two-year regional test, and it was an ideal pilot environments. The GGE biplot can intuitively evaluate the yield characteristics of the test strains and the representativeness of the pilots, providing a simple and effective analytical method for objectively evaluating the high and stable yield of sweet potato strains.

  Study of Different Micronutrients on Yield and Physiological Indicators of Brassica napus ZHAO Peidong, ZHANG Wei, LIU Yingxia, ZHANG Zhenqian 2024, 14 (4):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0108 Abstract + ( 78 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1234KB )   ( 75 ) Rapeseed is the largest self-produced plant oil source in China, which is crucial for ensuring the safety of edible oil in China. However, the self-sufficiency rate of total rapeseed production is severely insufficient, so high yield and high efficiency cultivation measures are urgently needed to increase yield. Current research was mostly focused on traditional fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, with less research on micro fertilizers. This study used Brassica napus ‘Fanming 1’ as the experimental material to measure the physiological and biochemical indicators of the entire growth period and the yield traits under different micro-fertilizer conditions, and conducted correlation analysis between them. The results showed that the activities of peroxidase and catalase in leaves at 5-6 leaf stage and superoxide dismutase in flowers at flowering stage were more than 0.8, indicating that there had a high correlation, which could be used to predict the rapeseed yield. The fertilization conditions may increase the rapeseed yield when the POD and CAT activities in the leaves during the 5-6 leaf stage and the SOD activity in the flowers during the flowering stage were greater than 0.8, and the chlorophyll content in the flowers was greater than 0.9. The results of this study provided a reference for screening suitable micronutrient fertilizers and high-yield cultivation for rapeseed growth.

  Grain-related Traits in Maize: Genome-wide Association Analysis and Candidate Gene Prediction CHEN Xinyi, LIU Chenyan, HUA Mingzhu, XU Xin, FENG Wenxiang, WANG Baohua, FANG Hui 2024, 14 (4):  26-36.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0092 Abstract + ( 136 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 2139KB )   ( 197 ) To explore the natural variations in regulating the maize kernel development and to assist in the genetic improvement of maize yield traits, in this study, 150 maize inbred lines with rich genetic variations were selected as materials for investigation. Combining 34,342 SNP markers and three models, a genome-wide association analysis was conducted on five grain-related traits. The results revealed that a total of 18 independent loci were significantly associated with the target traits, with each locus accounting for 12.24% to 15.41% of the phenotypic variations. Additionally, significant epistatic interactions were identified among four pairs of SNPs associated with kernel length, collectively explaining 5.32% of the phenotypic variations. By integrating the dynamic transcriptome data of kernel development in the B73 inbred line and functional annotations of genes, 19 candidate genes were predicted and classified into four categories: 6 enzymes, 3 ribosomal proteins, 1 transcription factor, and 9 other proteins. These candidate genes provide new genetic resources for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of maize kernel development and enhancing maize kernel size and yield. Through this research, we have not only uncovered the natural variations that regulate the development of corn kernels but also provided new genetic resources for the genetic improvement of corn yield traits. These findings are expected to bring new breakthroughs in corn breeding efforts, enhance corn production, and thereby better meet human needs for food.

  Study on Acid Buffering Performance and Influencing Factors of Key pH Stage of Soil Acidification in Typical Farmland of Zhejiang Province TONG Wenbin, LI Ronghui, YANG Haijun, JIANG Jianfeng, ZHU Weidong, WU Yifei, ZHANG Mingkui 2024, 14 (4):  37-41.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0110 Abstract + ( 86 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1117KB )   ( 108 ) The development from neutral (pH 6.5-7.5) to acidic (pH 4.5-5.5) is the key stage of soil acidification, so the buffering capacity of soil to acid in the range of pH 4.5-6.5 will directly affect the rate of soil acidification. In the study, 48 representative paddy soil samples were collected from plain areas of Zhejiang Province, and the acid buffering performance and its main influencing factors of the soils in the key pH stage of acidification were characterized. The results showed that the acid buffer capacity of the paddy soils, the amount of acid needed to reduce the pH value by one unit, ranged from 8.34-41.22 mmol/(kg·pH), with an average of 23.38 mmol/(kg·pH). The capacity decreased in the order of soils in river-net plain>soils in coastal plain>soils in river valley plain. The acid buffer capacity of the paddy soils in the river-net plain and coastal plain was 1.60 and 1.17 times of that in river valley plain, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that soil clay content and CEC were the main factors affecting soil acid buffer capacity, and the lack of clay content was the main inducement of soil rapid acidification in the plain area. Low-clay soil is the focus of farmland acidification prevention in the plain area.

  Current Status and Prospects of Biodiversity Application in Low-carbon Agriculture CHEN Junbin, HU Guang 2024, 14 (4):  42-51.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0139 Abstract + ( 105 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1648KB )   ( 129 ) In the context of promoting the ecological civilization in China, carbon fixation and efficiency enhancement in agricultural industry has been listed in the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals", and low-carbon agriculture has emerged accordingly. Biodiversity is the basis of ecosystem functions and services, and plays a key role in the agricultural decarbonization. Protecting biodiversity in farmland and fully exploiting its ecological effects is an important approach to achieve agricultural decarbonization. In this study, the literature from 2010 to 2022 in the database of Web of Science was selected. Using the keyword co-occurrence and cluster analysis of CiteSpace bibliometric software, the international research trends and topics of biodiversity in low-carbon agriculture were analyzed, and the functions of biodiversity were summarized. The results showed that the conservation and management of biodiversity was the hot topics in low-carbon agriculture. Biological control was the main practice for biodiversity to achieve agricultural decarbonization. By evaluating the ecological value of the diversity of different biological taxa, it was found that biodiversity could increase the ecological and economic value of the agricultural production process. Future research can explore biodiversity-based multifunctional agricultural development at the ecosystem and landscape scales, thus better contributing to the successful achievement of the “dual carbon” goals.

  Hot Issues and Visual Analysis of Water and Fertilizer Integration Research WU Man, WANG Xiangzhu, LIANG Haiyan, YANG Liyu, WU Qi, MENG Cuiping, SHEN Pu 2024, 14 (4):  52-57.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0096 Abstract + ( 81 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1515KB )   ( 76 ) The integration of water and fertilizer has been developed rapidly in the field of agricultural fertilization in recent years, which is an important way to improve crop fertilizer efficiency. Bibliometrics method was used to analyze the literature related to the integration of water and fertilizer. Based on the China National Knowledge Infrastructur (CNKI) database, literature related to integration of water and fertilizer from 2010 to 2023 was collected as the research object, while the number of literature, age distribution, journal distribution, publication institution distribution, author information, research content and hot topics in the core database of CNKI were objectively and systematically analyzed. The results showed that from 2010 to 2023, a total of 216 articles related to the integration of water and fertilizer were published in China. The earliest literature on the integration of water and fertilizer was published in 2010, and the number of published articles fluctuated with the increase of years. In terms of published papers, authors, publishing institutions, etc., papers on integration of water and fertilizer were mainly published in agriculture and forestry and other related professional journals. The publishing institution was focused on institutions of higher learning and research institutes in Beijing, Shandong and Ningxia, which had strong water and fertilizer research strength and academic background. At present, the core authors in the field of integrated water and fertilizer had not formed a stable group and the number of personnel was relatively small. According to the research content, water and fertilizer integration technology focused on the output, internet of things, control system and drip irrigation. The results objectively reflected the domestic research trends of integration of water and fertilizer from 2010 to 2023, which provided supporting data for researchers in this field.

  Status of Nutrients Abundance & Deficiency and Spatial-temporal Variability of Tobacco Planting Soil in Luliang County HAN Jiabao, DONG Yu, NONG Shangjian, JIN Jiaquan, FENG Yonghong, ZHANG Yan, GAO Qiumei, ZHANG Yanyan, LI Kai, GAO Siyuan, ZHANG Guohong, LI Xiaoting 2024, 14 (4):  58-65.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0104 Abstract + ( 55 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1709KB )   ( 60 ) To investigate the evolution and distribution of soil nutrients in tobacco-growing areas, 450 soil samples were collected in Luliang County. The classical statistical methods were used in combination with geostatistical and geographic information technology to analyze the abundance and deficiency and spatial-temporal variation of soil nutrients. The results showed that the average values of soil pH, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of tobacco-planting soil in Luliang County were pH 6.01, 2.64%, 108.47 mg/kg, 41.69 mg/kg and 200.93 mg/kg, respectively. Except for the medium variation of pH, other nutrients were belonged to strong variation. The contents of pH, organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were appropriate, but the proportions of soil pH, soil organic matter and nitrogen fertilizer needed increasing were 37.42%, 27.62% and 37.64%, respectively. At the same time, the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were rich, and the proportion of rich and suitable ranges reached 89.09% and 83.07% respectively. There were no significant differences in pH and organic matter among years, but they showed decreasing trends. There was significant difference in alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. There were significant differences in available phosphorus and available potassium and showed tendency to decrease and later increase. The spatial distribution pattern of pH value showed a transition from low in the west to suitable in east, then slightly higher in the north and the south. Organic matter gradually increased from the west to the central and then to the east. The area of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the range of 90-120 mg/kg and the available phosphorus in the high and very high range were the largest, respectively. The available potassium gradually increased from the west to the east. The spatial variation of pH, available phosphorus and available potassium were mainly caused by human factors.

  The Application Progress of Composite Microbial Agent in Cow Manure Treatment HAN Shanshan, LI Zhongling, ZHANG Hongyan, DAI Jiakun, DOU Bingde, YUE Shuning 2024, 14 (4):  66-71.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0122 Abstract + ( 91 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1160KB )   ( 102 ) The dairy cattle industry is one of the important agricultural sectors in China. However, with its rapid development, the problem of large-scale discharge of livestock waste has become increasingly severe. How to handle dairy manure harmlessly has become one of the urgent problems to be solved. This article introduces the progress of composite microbial agents in the treatment of cow manure. Composite microbial agents can effectively degrade organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in cow manure, reduce the emission of harmful gases, while recycling nutrients as fertilizers and cow bedding materials, with the advantages of low cost and simple operation. The application effect of composite microbial agents is influenced by many factors, including the type of microbial agent, environmental conditions, and exogenous additives, and the quality of composting is the main indicator for evaluating the application effect of composite microbial agents. Adjustments and optimizations need to be made according to different situations in practice. The study of cow manure problems is of great significance for alleviating rural livestock and poultry pollution, improving the utilization rate of manure resources, and realizing sustainable development of animal husbandry. As a new method of organic matter treatment, efficient composite microbial agent application technology has broad application prospects in the field of cow manure treatment. Further research and exploration on its application effect in practical production is necessary. By integrating with other technical means, it can facilitate the transition towards more sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly practices in dairy manure treatment.

  Cultivation Techniques and Value Analysis of Helleborus in China ZHANG Rongmei, DAO Peichun, DUAN Yuanlu, LI Ruoyou 2024, 14 (4):  72-76.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0127 Abstract + ( 70 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1546KB )   ( 144 ) The major objective of the present study is to show application potential of Helleborus in China and to accelerate development and utilization of Helleborus in the fields of medicine, manufacturing and landscaping. The biological characteristics, habits and cultivation techniques of the genus were reviewed, and the chemical components, medicinal effects, origin of names, ornamental characteristics and garden application were discussed. It was found that the subjects had significant medicinal, cultural, and ornamental value. It was pointed out that there were insufficient efforts in botany basic research, medicinal plant development, and new variety cultivation in current work. At the same time, countermeasures and suggestions were proposed accordingly.

  Safety Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Edible Fungi and Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment WEN Yajun, XIAO Zhiyong, SUN Zhiwei, LIU Xiyan, ZHAO Yuan, WANG Quanhong 2024, 14 (4):  77-82.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0118 Abstract + ( 81 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1253KB )   ( 65 ) In order to master the quality and safety of edible fungi, the levels of 62 kinds of pesticide residues in edible fungi sold in Beijing from 2021 to 2022 were screened, the pesticide residues of insecticides and fungicides in 6 common edible fungi were evaluated by food safety index method, and the risk of chronic and acute dietary intake of 19 pesticides were also evaluated. The results showed that the IFS values of 15 insecticides and 4 fungicides detected in edible fungi and the average food safety index values of 6 edible fungi were all less than 100. The pesticide residues detected had little influence on the edible fungi, and the six edible fungi were in a good state of safety, the risk of chronic dietary intake and the risk of acute dietary intake of 19 detected pesticide residues in edible fungi were both lower than 100%, and the risk of both chronic and acute dietary intake were lower. However, the risk values of dietary intakes of two pesticides, cyromazine and emamectin benzoate, were relatively high among the 19 pesticides detected. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of the use of cyromazine and emamectin benzoate in edible fungi to ensure the quality and safety of edible fungi products.

  Climate Change in Shiyang River Basin and Its Influence on Vegetation Index WANG Heling, DING Wenkui, LI Xingyu, YANG Xiaoling, GUO Limei, ZHANG Jinxiu 2024, 14 (4):  83-92.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0134 Abstract + ( 76 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2293KB )   ( 94 ) The influence of climate change on vegetation cover is important for ecological environment protection in arid areas. Based on data of monthly temperatures, precipitation, sunshine, evaporation and NASA GIMMS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of Shiyang River Basin from 2000 to 2020, annual and seasonal variations trend of temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours, evaporation and NDVI were analyzed by using linear trend method, then effect of climate elements change on NDVI change were studied by correlation coefficient method. The results showed that annual temperature showed a clear upward trend in Shiyang River Basin and various regions. Temperature in spring, summer and autumn showed an upward trend, and it showed a downward trend in winter (except Minqin). Annual precipitation in total catchment area and Yongchang, Gulang and Tianzhu showed an increasing trend, while Minqin and Liangzhou showed a decreasing trend. Change trend of precipitation in each season was not consistent. Annual sunshine duration showed a decreasing trend in total catchment area and other places except Gulang, and variation trend of sunshine duration in each season was very inconsistent. Annual evaporation showed an increasing trend in total catchment area and other places except Liangzhou, and variation trend of evaporation in each season was not consistent. Annual NDVI in Shiyang River Basin and various regions showed a significant growth trend. Each season NDVI also showed an increasing trend except Liangzhou in spring. Annual and seasonal temperature and precipitation were basically positively correlated with NDVI, and temperature and precipitation had a positive contribution to NDVI. Correlation between sunshine duration, evaporation and NDVI of annual and seasonal was quite different. In general, sunshine duration had a negative contribution to NDVI, and evaporation had a positive contribution to NDVI. Research results will provide scientific reference for improving utilization rate of climate resources, adjusting planting structure and improving ecological environment in Shiyang River Basin.

  Research Progress of Application of Ground Penetrating Radar Technology in Soil Properties Detection FU Meiling, ZHU Xiangming, DUAN Wenbiao 2024, 14 (4):  93-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0214 Abstract + ( 123 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1375KB )   ( 349 ) Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is recognized for its rapid, non-invasive technology in medium and small-scale near-earth sensing. It has been widely applied in soil property analysis due to its considerable data richness, high resolution and excellent spatial continuity. This article presented a comprehensive review of the principles underlying GPR’s use in soil property detection, elaborated on forward simulation methods and the prevalent soil dielectric models in use. It summarized the current advancements in applying GPR technology for assessing various soil properties, including moisture content, texture, stratification, compaction, and salinity. Additionally, the paper discussed the challenges and limitations in the field applications: the influence factors of field detection were complex, and the data interpretation was complex and subjective, most of the researches only stayed in the qualitative or semi-quantitative stage. Concluding perspective, the article pointed out that with ongoing advancements in signal processing and theoretical research, GPR held significant potential for future innovations in soil characteristic exploration. This work aimed to serve as a valuable resource for ongoing and future studies on the application of GPR in soil property investigation.

  Rural Emergency Science Popularization in China Under the Background of Rural Revitalization FENG Guizhen, WANG Changhai 2024, 14 (4):  101-106.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0054 Abstract + ( 78 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1164KB )   ( 73 ) As the strategy for rural revitalization is progressively implemented, rural areas are confronted with numerous challenges in disaster prevention, reduction and relief, especially frequent emergencies and relatively weak response and self-rescue capabilities. This study aims to analyze the problems of insufficient emergency science popularization ability and low science popularization efficiency in current rural emergency management in China, and explore corresponding solutions. This research has found that improving the emergency scientific literacy of rural residents is the fundamental way to enhance their ability to respond to emergencies. And proposes a series of targeted suggestions based on the specific situation of rural areas and the characteristics of residents, including strengthening the construction of emergency science popularization teams in rural areas as a key measure, establishing a demand oriented science popularization concept to guide practice, innovating emergency science popularization methods as the main approach, optimizing and enriching emergency science popularization resources as a guarantee and support. The aim is to strengthen the residents' preventive awareness and scientific response capabilities through emergency science education, so as to provide strong support for China's emergency management and disaster prevention and mitigation efforts.