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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (1): 22-26.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191000222

所属专题： 园艺

• 土壤肥料/资源环境/生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

2004—2015年通海县露地蔬菜基地土壤养分变化

沐婵1(), 黄翠菊2, 钱荣青1, 李竑阳3, 姚照兵4, 杨绍聪1(), 李家有2, 张艳军1, 胡选江1   

  1. 1玉溪市农业科学院,云南玉溪 653100
    2通海县土壤肥料工作站,云南通海 652700
    3玉溪市农业技术推广站,云南玉溪 653100
    4玉溪市特色作物工程技术研究中心,云南玉溪 653100
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-16 修回日期:2020-04-22 出版日期:2021-01-20 发布日期:2021-02-05
  • 通讯作者: 杨绍聪 E-mail:mch7962@163.com;13887750760@163.com
  • 作者简介:沐婵,女,1979年出生,云南通海人,高级农艺师,本科,主要从事植物营养与施肥技术等方面的研究及推广工作。通信地址:653100云南省玉溪市红塔区红塔大道18号 玉溪市农业科学院,Tel:0877-2066427,E-mail: mch7962@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    玉溪市农业科学院科研项目“蔬菜连作障碍防控减肥技术研究与示范”(YNKY201505)

Soil Nutrient Changes in Field Vegetable Base in Tonghai from 2004 to 2015

Mu Chan1(), Huang Cuiju2, Qian Rongqing1, Li Hongyang3, Yao Zhaobing4, Yang Shaocong1(), Li Jiayou2, Zhang Yanjun1, Hu Xuanjiang1   

  1. 1Yuxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Yuxi 653100, Yunnan, China
    2Tonghai Soil-fertilizer Working-station, Tonghai 652700, Yunnan, China
    3Yuxi Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, Yuxi 653100, Yunnan, China
    4Yuxi Characteristic Crop Nutrition Engineering and Technology Research Center, Yuxi 653100, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2019-10-16 Revised:2020-04-22 Online:2021-01-20 Published:2021-02-05
  • Contact: Yang Shaocong E-mail:mch7962@163.com;13887750760@163.com

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摘要：

摸清通海县露地蔬菜基地2004—2015年耕作土壤养分含量变化状况,以期为合理施肥提供参考依据,进行了田间取样与室内检测对比分析。结果表明:2015年通海露地蔬菜基地土壤pH 7.57,有机质平均含量43.8 g/kg;有效N平均含量170 mg/kg,>151 mg/kg的田块占67.5%;土壤有效P平均含量111.2 mg/kg,>50 mg/kg的田块占92.4%;土壤有效K平均含量194 mg/kg,>151 mg/kg的田块占54.7%;交换Ca平均含量19238 mg/kg,>5001 mg/kg的田块占97.9%;交换Mg平均含量908 mg/kg,均大于150 mg/kg。与2004年相比,pH提高了0.13个单位、有机质提高15.8%、有效N提高20.1%、有效P提高66.6%、有效K则降低13.4%、交换Ca提高186.2%、交换Mg提高16.1%。通海露地蔬菜基地耕作层土壤有效N、P及交换Ca、Mg等养分富集量较高,有效K含量有所降低,因此,在蔬菜施肥上要控N减P,适当补K,均衡施肥,严格控制石灰使用。

关键词: 露地蔬菜基地, 耕作层土壤, pH, 有机质, 主要养分变化

Abstract:

To find out the changes of nutrient content of field vegetable base in Tonghai County from 2004 to 2015, and provide references for rational fertilization, a comparative analysis was conducted with field sampling and laboratory testing. The results showed that in 2015, the soil pH of Tonghai field vegetable base was 7.57, with an average organic matter content of 43.8 g/kg. The effective N average content was 170 mg/kg, the proportion of field>151 mg/kg was 67.5%; the average effective P of soil was 111.2 mg/kg, and the proportion of field>50 mg/kg was 92.4%; the average effective K of soil was 194 mg/kg, and the proportion of field >151 mg/kg was 54.7%; the average exchange Ca was 19238 mg/kg, and the proportion of field>5001 mg/kg was 97.9%; the average exchange Mg was 908 mg/kg, the proportion of field >150 mg/kg was 100%. Compared with those of 2004, pH increased by 0.13, organic matter increased by 15.8%, effective N increased by 20.1%, effective P increased by 66.6%, effective K decreased by 13.4%, exchange Ca increased by 186.2%, and exchange Mg increased by 16.1%. It indicated that the nutrient concentration of soil N, P, Ca and Mg in the cultivated layer of soil in Tonghai field vegetable bases was relatively high, while the content of K was relatively low. Therefore, it is necessary to control N and reduce P, and supplement K appropriately, to balance fertilization and strictly control the use of lime in vegetable fertilization.

Key words: Field Vegetable Base, Cultivated Soil, pH Value, Organic Matter, Major Nutrient Change

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