甘蓝类蔬菜分子育种研究进展

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0220

农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (3): 44-51.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0220

甘蓝类蔬菜分子育种研究进展

杨迎霞¹(), 陈锐¹, 姚星伟²()

¹ 天津市农业科学院种质资源与生物技术研究所，天津 300381
² 天津市农业科学院蔬菜研究所，天津 300381

收稿日期:2021-12-30 修回日期:2022-03-05 出版日期:2023-03-20 发布日期:2023-04-04
通讯作者: 姚星伟，女，1977年出生，辽宁沈阳人，研究员，硕士，主要从事作物遗传育种研究。通信地址：300381 天津市西青区津静公路17公里处蔬菜研究所，Tel：022-23784699，E-mail：yaoxingwei99@126.com。
作者简介:
杨迎霞，女，1986年出生，河南安阳人，助理研究员，硕士，研究方向：农业基因组学与作物分子育种。通信地址：300381 天津市西青区津静公路17公里处生物中心，Tel：022-27950828，E-mail：yingxiayang@126.com。
基金资助:
天津市“131”创新型人才团队建设项目“天津市农业科学院蔬菜研究所花椰菜育种创新团队”(201923); 天津市农业科学青年科研人员创新研究与实验项目“花椰菜花球松紧性调控基因的挖掘与克隆”(2022017); 天津市科技计划项目“低温花椰菜花球变紫性状特异分子标记开发及应用”(20YFZCSN00400); 天津市科技计划项目“花椰菜‘育、繁、推’一体化商业育种体系建设”(19ZXZYSN0050); 天津市蔬菜现代农业产业技术体系项目“天津市蔬菜现代农业产业技术体系创新团队（2019年）”(ITTVRS2017004)

Molecular Breeding of Brassica oleracea Vegetables: A Review

YANG Yingxia¹(), CHEN Rui¹, YAO Xingwei²()

¹ Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
² Vegetable Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China

Received:2021-12-30 Revised:2022-03-05 Online:2023-03-20 Published:2023-04-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甘蓝类蔬菜是中国蔬菜的重要组成部分，常规育种技术是制约甘蓝类蔬菜在产量和品质等方面的遗传改良的重要瓶颈。分子育种是提高育种效率的有效策略。为促进甘蓝类蔬菜分子育种改良，结合国内外研究进展，从高质量基因组和数据库、目标性状基因定位与克隆、分子标记辅助育种、基因编辑等方面探讨了分子育种在甘蓝类蔬菜育种实践上的应用。指出了解析控制重要农艺性状基因的调控网络是大规模种质创新的核心和关键点。认为基因编辑技术可加速推动甘蓝类蔬菜分子育种进程。最后对加强甘蓝类蔬菜分子育种的策略进行了展望，为其分子育种的深入研究提供理论依据。

关键词: 分子育种, 甘蓝, 遗传改良育种, 功能基因组

Abstract:

Cultivated Brassica oleracea is an important component of Chinese vegetables, and conventional breeding is the bottleneck for genetic improvement of Brassica oleracea in terms of yield and quality. Molecular breeding strategy can improve plant breeding efficiently. To improve molecular breeding of Brassica oleracea, the domestic and foreign research on the application of molecular breeding of Brassica oleracea vegetables are summarized from the aspects of high-quality genome and database, localization and cloning of genes related to target traits, breeding assisted by molecular markers, and gene editing. The core and key of large-scale germplasm innovation are identified as the genetic networks which can dissect and control important agronomic traits. The study points out that gene editing can accelerate the process of molecular breeding in Brassica oleracea vegetables, and discusses the strategy to strengthen the molecular breeding of Brassica oleracea, aiming to provide theoretical reference for further research.

Key words: molecular breeding, Brassica oleracea, genetic improvement breeding, functional genome

杨迎霞, 陈锐, 姚星伟. 甘蓝类蔬菜分子育种研究进展[J]. 农学学报, 2023, 13(3): 44-51.

YANG Yingxia, CHEN Rui, YAO Xingwei. Molecular Breeding of Brassica oleracea Vegetables: A Review[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2023, 13(3): 44-51.

图/表 3

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品种	测序策略	组装基因组 (Mb)	锚定基因组(Mb)	Scaffold 50 (Mb)	基因数	参考文献
02-2	Illumina + Roche 454 + Sanger + genetic map	539.91	389	1.457	45,758	[2]
TO1000	Illumina + Roche 454 + Sanger + genetic map	488.6	460	0.85	59,225	[3]
HDEM	Illumina + Nanopore + Bionano physical map + genetic map	554.97	528.9	29.516	61,270	[4]
C-8	Illumina + Nanopore	584.6	-	2.11	47,772	[5]
D134	Illumina + Nanopore +Hi-C	529.9	-	61.74	44,701	[6]
JZS	Illumina + PacBio + Hi-C	561.16	-	2.37	59,064	[7]
Korso_1401	PacBio + Illumina + Bionano + Hi-C	566.9	549.7	4.97	60,640	[8]
OX-heart_923	PacBio + Illumina + Bionano + Hi-C	587.7	565.4	3.10	62,232	[8]

品种	测序策略	组装基因组 (Mb)	锚定基因组(Mb)	Scaffold 50 (Mb)	基因数	参考文献
02-2	Illumina + Roche 454 + Sanger + genetic map	539.91	389	1.457	45,758	[2]
TO1000	Illumina + Roche 454 + Sanger + genetic map	488.6	460	0.85	59,225	[3]
HDEM	Illumina + Nanopore + Bionano physical map + genetic map	554.97	528.9	29.516	61,270	[4]
C-8	Illumina + Nanopore	584.6	-	2.11	47,772	[5]
D134	Illumina + Nanopore +Hi-C	529.9	-	61.74	44,701	[6]
JZS	Illumina + PacBio + Hi-C	561.16	-	2.37	59,064	[7]
Korso_1401	PacBio + Illumina + Bionano + Hi-C	566.9	549.7	4.97	60,640	[8]
OX-heart_923	PacBio + Illumina + Bionano + Hi-C	587.7	565.4	3.10	62,232	[8]

性状	甘蓝种	性状相关基因	参考文献
雄性不育	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoCYP704B1	[19]
雄性不育	B.oleracea var.botrytis	BoGH3.13-1	[20]
开花及花球形成	B.oleracea var.botrytis	CDAG1	[21]
	B.oleracea var.italica	BoFLC2、BoFLC3	[22]
	B.oleracea var.acephala	BolGRF6	[23]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoFLC1.C9	[24]
	B.oleracea var.botrytis	BobCAL	[25]
	B.oleracea var.botrytis	AP1、CAL	[26]
	B.oleracea	miR172D、 BoFLC.C2	[27]
抗虫/抗病性	B.oleracea	FocBo1	[28]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	Cry1Aa	[29]
	B.oleracea var.botrytis	Ppa207	[30]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	Bol031422	[31]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	AvrLm14	[32]
花青素合成	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoMYC1.2 (bHLH)、BoTTG1 (WDR)	[33]
	B.oleracea var.acephala	BoPr	[34]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoNAC019	[35]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoMYBL2-1	[36]
	B.oleracea var.italica	qPH.C01-2	[37]
	B.oleracea var.italica	BoTT8	[38]
	B.oleracea var.botrytis	Gr	[39]
	B.oleracea	BoMYB2	[40]
	B.oleracea var.acephala	BoDFR1	[41]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoMYB113.1、BoMYBL2.1	[42]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoLBD	[43]
硫代葡萄糖苷合成	B.oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey	MYB28	[44]
	B.oleracea var.italica	BoMYB51	[45]
	B.oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey	BoaMYB51s	[46]
	B.oleracea var.italica	BoMYB29	[47]
	B.oleracea var.italica	BoTSB1、BoTSB2	[48]
自交不亲和	B.oleracea var.capitata	MLPKn1	[49]
杂交致死	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoHL1、BoHL2	[50]
蜡质合成	B.oleracea var.capitata	Cgl1	[51]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoWax1	[52]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoGL-3	[53]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoCER2	[54]
非生物胁迫	B.oleracea var.acephala	BoRACK1	[55]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoALMT1	[56]
	B.oleracea var.acephala	BocMBF1c	[57]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoCSDP5v	[58]
叶型	B.oleracea var.acephala	BoFL	[59]
叶型	B.oleracea var.acephala	BoLMI1a	[60]
叶绿素含量	B.oleracea var.italica	Bol-miR171b	[61]
有毛/无毛	B.oleracea var.acephala	BoTRY	[62]

性状	甘蓝种	性状相关基因	参考文献
雄性不育	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoCYP704B1	[19]
雄性不育	B.oleracea var.botrytis	BoGH3.13-1	[20]
开花及花球形成	B.oleracea var.botrytis	CDAG1	[21]
	B.oleracea var.italica	BoFLC2、BoFLC3	[22]
	B.oleracea var.acephala	BolGRF6	[23]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoFLC1.C9	[24]
	B.oleracea var.botrytis	BobCAL	[25]
	B.oleracea var.botrytis	AP1、CAL	[26]
	B.oleracea	miR172D、 BoFLC.C2	[27]
抗虫/抗病性	B.oleracea	FocBo1	[28]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	Cry1Aa	[29]
	B.oleracea var.botrytis	Ppa207	[30]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	Bol031422	[31]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	AvrLm14	[32]
花青素合成	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoMYC1.2 (bHLH)、BoTTG1 (WDR)	[33]
	B.oleracea var.acephala	BoPr	[34]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoNAC019	[35]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoMYBL2-1	[36]
	B.oleracea var.italica	qPH.C01-2	[37]
	B.oleracea var.italica	BoTT8	[38]
	B.oleracea var.botrytis	Gr	[39]
	B.oleracea	BoMYB2	[40]
	B.oleracea var.acephala	BoDFR1	[41]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoMYB113.1、BoMYBL2.1	[42]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoLBD	[43]
硫代葡萄糖苷合成	B.oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey	MYB28	[44]
	B.oleracea var.italica	BoMYB51	[45]
	B.oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey	BoaMYB51s	[46]
	B.oleracea var.italica	BoMYB29	[47]
	B.oleracea var.italica	BoTSB1、BoTSB2	[48]
自交不亲和	B.oleracea var.capitata	MLPKn1	[49]
杂交致死	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoHL1、BoHL2	[50]
蜡质合成	B.oleracea var.capitata	Cgl1	[51]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoWax1	[52]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoGL-3	[53]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoCER2	[54]
非生物胁迫	B.oleracea var.acephala	BoRACK1	[55]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoALMT1	[56]
	B.oleracea var.acephala	BocMBF1c	[57]
	B.oleracea var.capitata	BoCSDP5v	[58]
叶型	B.oleracea var.acephala	BoFL	[59]
叶型	B.oleracea var.acephala	BoLMI1a	[60]
叶绿素含量	B.oleracea var.italica	Bol-miR171b	[61]
有毛/无毛	B.oleracea var.acephala	BoTRY	[62]

甘蓝种	敲除基因	表型	基因功能	参考文献
B.oleracea var.capitata	FRI	早花	通过激活开花抑制基因FLC的表达来抑制开花	[88]
	PDS	白化苗	调控叶片白化的关键基因	[88]
	BoSRK3	-	抑制自交不亲和性	[89]
	BoPDS	白化苗	在植物中具有光保护作用且可以影响类胡萝卜素合成
	BoMS1	雄性不育	雄性不育
	GIGANTEA (GI)	早花	调节开花时间	[90]
	BoPDS	白化苗	调控叶片白化的关键基因	[91]
	MYB28	低含量芥子油苷	参与脂肪族芥子油苷(A-GSL)的生物合成	[92]
	BoCER1	表皮无蜡	叶表皮蜡质合成相关	[93]
B.oleracea var.acephala	BolC.GA4.a	植株矮化	参与赤霉素生物合成	[94]
B.oleracea	BoFAD2	-	催化油酸脱氢形成	[95]
B.oleracea var. alboglabra	BaPDS	白化苗	调控叶片白化的关键基因	[96]

甘蓝类蔬菜分子育种研究进展

Molecular Breeding of Brassica oleracea Vegetables: A Review

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