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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (11): 35-43.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0091

• 林学 园艺 园林 食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

大花蕙兰‘篝火’和‘世界和平’杂交F1代性状分离研究

韩菊兰(), 许震寰(), 孙婷, 白为, 唐霄铧, 杨马进   

  1. 四川省农业特色植物研究院特色花卉及蔬菜研究所，四川资中 641200
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-08 修回日期:2024-07-20 出版日期:2024-11-19 发布日期:2024-11-19
  • 通讯作者:
    许震寰，男，1980年出生，副研究员，研究方向：花卉栽培与育种。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    韩菊兰，女，1983年出生，高级工程师，硕士研究生，研究方向：花卉栽培与育种、资源调查。E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    四川省农业科学院自主创新项目“四川特色花卉种质资源收集与创新利用研究”(23LKYCX1-3); 四川省农业科学院中试熟化项目“大花蕙兰新品种‘玉兔’及配套生产技术集成与示范”(2024ZSSFXD05-12); 四川省省级公益性科研单位基本科研业务费专项资金项目“大花蕙兰‘梦境’和春剑优良杂交后代选育”(22JBKY02)

Study on Character Segregation of F1 Hybrids from Cymbidium ‘Gohho No Shinpi’× Cym. ‘Peace in the World’

HAN Julan(), XU Zhenhuan(), SUN Ting, BAI Wei, TANG Xiaohua, YANG Majin   

  1. Special Flower and Vegetable Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Characteristic Plant, Zizhong 641200, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2024-05-08 Revised:2024-07-20 Online:2024-11-19 Published:2024-11-19

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摘要：

为研究大花蕙兰杂交F1代的重要性状遗传规律，以大花蕙兰‘篝火’(Cym. ‘Gohho No Shinpi’)和‘世界和平’(Cym. ‘Peace In the World’)的杂交F1代为材料，从2020年起连续2 a对亲本和杂交F1代群体的开花株（160株）进行该群体分离比例和重要观赏性状与植株性状的调查、测量、记录并拍照，进行数量性状和定性指标统计分析。结果表明，杂交F1代的株型偏向亲本中数值较大的一方。花箭高度、花箭数杂种优势明显；花序长度、花朵数均值接近于父本；花径、花瓣长、花瓣宽、花萼长、花萼宽均值位于双亲均值之间，更接近于父本，大部分花型偏圆，花瓣似荷瓣；花色性状分离出从母本黄色过渡到父本绿色的一系列融合梯度的黄绿色，偶有红色、白色，产生了较为广泛的分离；瓣纹在后代中有分离，亲本为纯色，后代瓣纹有红色；花色与瓣纹相叠加，与亲本差异显著；唇瓣底色与花色关联，分离规律与花色相同；唇瓣斑点颜色整体遗传母本，唇瓣斑点分布结合了双亲特性，其中38.3%接近于母本，15.0%接近于父本，两者融合拼接的占46.7%，所有的唇瓣上斑点颜色在深浅及色带宽窄、斑点弥合度上都有所变化。株型表型各性状变异系数为10.34%~18.66%，花型相关表型性状变异系数为12.57%~35.62%。综上所述，大花蕙兰杂交F1代变异丰富，株型、花箭形态杂种优势明显呈正向超亲优势，花色遗传上、唇瓣斑点颜色和分布以母本为基础，逐步向父本的融合梯度变化，花型介于亲本之间，趋向于父本。通过研究，可为大花蕙兰部分株型、花部性状的定向育种提供参考。

关键词: 大花蕙兰, 杂交, 性状, F1代, 遗传表现

Abstract:

To study the hereditary law of important characters of Cymbidium and provide references for parents’ selection and new varieties breeding, the traits of crossing F1 generation from Cym. ‘Gohho No Shinpi’ with Cym. ‘Peace in the World’ were analyzed. The quantitative characters and qualitative indicators of parents and hybrid offspring were observed and statically analyzed. The results indicated that overall plant type of F1 generation tended towards the higher numerical value of the parent. The peduncle length and number of arrows showed positive heterosis advantage. The average value of inflorescence length and flowers were close to the paternal mean. The average value of flower diameter, petal length, petal width, calyx length, and calyx width were between those of the parents and closer to the paternal mean. Most of flower types were round, with petals resembling lotus petals. The flower color trait showed a relatively wide separation, forming a gradient of fusion from the maternal yellow to the paternal green, along with a small number of red and white colors. The parental petal pattern was solid, but the offspring were separated and appeared red. The flower color and petal pattern were superimposed, which were significantly different from the parents. The base color of the lip was related to the flower color, and the separation rule was the same as the flower color. The overall inheritance of lip spots was from the maternal parent, and the distribution of lip spots combined the characteristics of both parents, with 38.3% being closer to the maternal parent and 15.0% being closer to the paternal parent, while the remaining 46.7% were a fusion of both parents. All lip spot colors showed variation in depth, width, and degree of fusion. The variation coefficients of plant phenotypic traits ranged from 10.34%-18.66%, and the coefficients of flower type-related phenotypic traits ranged from 12.57%-35.62%. In conclusion, the variation of F1 generation was rich, and the heterosis of plant type and flower arrow morphology showed positive super-parent heterosis. In flower color heredity, lip spot color and distribution were based on female parent and gradually changed to male parent fusion gradient, and the flower type was between parents and tended to male parent. This research could supply reference for directed breeding of certain plant types and floral traits.

Key words: Cymbidium hybridium, hybridization, traits, F1 generation, genetic performance