烟台地黄瓜嫁接苗和自根苗生长状况比较

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0076

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在比较嫁接苗与自根苗烟台地黄瓜在生长状况上的差异，并明确嫁接对烟台地黄瓜生长发育的影响。通过田间试验，对比了2种类型黄瓜的的植物学性状、果实性状、营养品质、感官质量及产量。结果表明，嫁接对烟台地黄瓜株高、茎粗、节间长有一定的促进作用；嫁接基本保留了烟台地黄瓜果实的优良性状；嫁接苗烟台地黄瓜维生素C含量有明显下降，嫁接苗烟台地黄瓜的果型、色泽喜好度高于自根苗黄瓜，嫁接苗烟台地黄瓜的果肉颜色、甜味、水分、黄瓜味、涩味、苦味、整体喜好度要低于自根苗黄瓜，二者差异未达到显著水平；嫁接可以提高烟台地黄瓜产量，增加黄瓜单果重。综上，嫁接苗与自根苗烟台地黄瓜生长状况有一定的差异。

关键词: 烟台地黄瓜, 嫁接苗, 自根苗, 生长, 生长状况, 感官评价, 感官质量, 产量, 果实性状, 营养品质

Abstract:

In order to understand the differences in growth status between grafted and self-rooted seedlings of Yantai ground cucumber, and to clarify the impact of grafting on the growth and development of Yantai ground cucumber, field experiments were conducted to compare the botanical characters, fruit characteristics, nutritional quality, sensory quality, and yield characteristics of grafted and self-rooted seedlings of Yantai ground cucumber. The results showed that grafting had a certain promoting effect on the plant height, stem thickness, and internode length of cucumber plants. Grafting basically retained the excellent characteristics of cucumber fruits. The vitamin C content of grafted cucumber seedlings decreased significantly. The fruit shape and color preference of grafted cucumber seedlings were higher than those of self-rooted cucumber seedlings, The flesh color, sweetness, moisture, cucumber flavor, astringency, bitterness, and overall preference of grafted cucumber seedlings were lower than those of self-rooted cucumber seedlings, and the difference between the two did not reach a significant level. Grafting can increase the yield of Yantai ground cucumber and increase the single fruit weight of cucumber. There are certain differences in the growth status of cucumber between grafted seedlings and self-rooted seedlings in Yantai.

Key words: Yantai ground cucumber, grafted seedlings, self-rooted seedlings, growth, growth condition, sensory evaluation, sensory quality, yield, fruit characteristic, nutritional quality

郑豪, 孟俊成, 于立芝. 烟台地黄瓜嫁接苗和自根苗生长状况比较[J]. 农学学报, 2024, 14(10): 47-52.

ZHENG Hao, MENG Juncheng, YU Lizhi. Comparison Between Grafted and Self-rooted Seedlings of Yantai Ground Cucumber[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2024, 14(10): 47-52.

图/表 9

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处理	小区	株高/cm	茎粗/cm	节间长/cm	第一雌花节位/节	主蔓雌花节率/%	侧蔓雌花节率/%
嫁接苗	重复1	97.8	1.127	9.1	3.9	18	33
	重复2	100.8	1.210	9.4	5.3	18	36
	重复3	96.0	1.186	9.4	5.2	18	36
	平均	98.2A	1.174A	9.3A	4.8a	18A	35a
自根苗	重复1	95.4	1.062	9.0	5.1	17	36
	重复2	93.9	1.083	8.5	7.1	14	38
	重复3	93.5	1.067	8.7	5.5	14	41
	平均	94.3B	1.071B	8.7B	5.9b	15B	38a

处理	小区	株高/cm	茎粗/cm	节间长/cm	第一雌花节位/节	主蔓雌花节率/%	侧蔓雌花节率/%
嫁接苗	重复1	97.8	1.127	9.1	3.9	18	33
	重复2	100.8	1.210	9.4	5.3	18	36
	重复3	96.0	1.186	9.4	5.2	18	36
	平均	98.2A	1.174A	9.3A	4.8a	18A	35a
自根苗	重复1	95.4	1.062	9.0	5.1	17	36
	重复2	93.9	1.083	8.5	7.1	14	38
	重复3	93.5	1.067	8.7	5.5	14	41
	平均	94.3B	1.071B	8.7B	5.9b	15B	38a

处理	小区	果实纵径/cm	果实横径/cm	果实瓜把长度/cm	心腔相对于果实横径比例/%
嫁接苗	重复1	17.79	3.375	2.598	58
	重复2	18.11	3.451	2.553	59
	重复3	18.23	3.387	2.593	59
	平均	18.04a	3.404a	2.581a	59a
自根苗	重复1	18.11	3.485	2.581	57
	重复2	18.04	3.385	2.244	57
	重复3	17.6	3.374	2.407	59
	平均	17.92a	3.415a	2.411a	58a

处理	小区	果实纵径/cm	果实横径/cm	果实瓜把长度/cm	心腔相对于果实横径比例/%
嫁接苗	重复1	17.79	3.375	2.598	58
	重复2	18.11	3.451	2.553	59
	重复3	18.23	3.387	2.593	59
	平均	18.04a	3.404a	2.581a	59a
自根苗	重复1	18.11	3.485	2.581	57
	重复2	18.04	3.385	2.244	57
	重复3	17.6	3.374	2.407	59
	平均	17.92a	3.415a	2.411a	58a

处理	可溶性固形物/%	还原糖/(g/100 g)	维生素C/(mg/100 g)
嫁接苗	5.8	2.1	9.36
自根苗	5.8	2.2	13.9